虚拟语气用法归纳.docx
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虚拟语气用法归纳
虚拟语气用法归纳
英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气:
陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。
不同的语气用动词的不同形式(有的还借助句法形式)来表示。
一、虚拟条件句
条件句有两类:
一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句,谓语用陈述语气。
Ifyoudon’tworkhard,youwillfail.
Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgoforapicnic.
如果假设的情况过去、现在、将来都不存在,则为虚拟语气
虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表:
条件从句的谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
与过去事实相反的假设
haddone
would/could/might/shouldhavedone
与现在事实相反的假设
过去时(was→were)
would/could/might/shoulddo
与将来事实相反的假设
过去时(was→were);
shoulddo;
weretodo
would/could/might/shoulddo
1.与现在事实相反的虚拟
Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?
IfIwereyou,Iwouldseizethechancetogoabroad.
IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.
2.与过去事实相反的虚拟
Ifyouhadbeenhereyesterday,youwouldhaveseenher.
Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday.
3.与将来事实相反的虚拟
Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rainedtomorrow,ourplanwouldbeputoff.
Ifweweretopicnic,wewouldnotbeabletohelp.
二、错综、混合虚拟语气
通常,在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式,从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的,如果两者时间不一致,此时就是混合型虚拟语气。
混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”,即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同,采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。
1.IfIhadseenyou,Iwouldnotbesoworriednow.(从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设)
2.Ifyouhadnotwatchedtelevisionsolatelastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.(从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设)
3.Hadyoufollowedthedoctor’ssuggestion,youwouldbefinenow.(从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设)
4.IfIhadmadesomemoneylastsummer,Iwouldgoonholidaynextmonth.(从句是对过去的假设,主句是对将来的假设)
5.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwehaddriveninturns,youwouldn’tbesotirednow.(从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设)
6.IfIwereyourmother,Iwouldletyougooutthisweekend.(从句是对现在的假设,主句是对将来的假设)
三、含蓄虚拟语气
虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。
因为有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现,而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在,常用的词语有with,without,butfor,otherwise,or,even,incaseof,whatif(如果…将如何)等等,这种句子往往有主句而无从句(考试时多数情况是对过去的假设)。
Butforyourencouragement,Iwouldnothavebeenadmittedtothisuniversity.(过去)
Withoutwater,allliveswoulddie.(现在)
Hefelttootiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedmyparty.(过去)
Iwashavingameeting,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyouoff.(过去)
四、虚名词性从句的虚拟语气
含有should+V的用法,这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句,包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。
记忆口诀:
一个坚持(insist),两个命令(order,command),三个建议(suggest,advise,recommend),四个要求(ask,require,demand,request)。
1.宾语从句的虚拟语气
Heinsistedthatthemeetingbeputoff.
Thegeneralordered(that)allthesoldiers(should)leave.
Hegivesordersthatthesoldiers(should)leave.
2.表语从句的虚拟语气
Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)stayhereforarest.
3.同位语从句的虚拟语气
Thereisnosuggestionthatshe(should)resign.
4.主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在It做形式主语的三种情况:
It’s+p.p+that;It’s+adj.+that;It’s+n.+that
常用的动词recommand,demand,desire,order,request,require,suggest,command
常用的形容词important,necessary,right,advisable,natural,strange,surprising,regretful,urgent,vital,insistent,essential
常用的名词duty,pity,nosurpise,nowonder,shame,regret
其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思
It’simportantthatyoushouldtakethemedicine.
It’sapitythatyoushouldrefusetheinvitation.
It’sessentialthatweshouldlearnsomeknowledgeaboutfistaid.
It’sdemandedthatallthestudentsshouldgototheplayground.
Itwassuggestedthatheshouldjointheclubactivities.
5.It为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形,是以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句,it后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词,常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些词。
Iconsideritvitalthathe(should)thinkdeeplybeforeacting.
Wethinkitnecessarythatthemeeting(should)beputoff.
6.某些词语如suggest,insist等有双重含义,所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候用虚拟语气,什么时候不用虚拟语气。
Hersmilesuggestedthatshewasinfavoroftheplan.
Weinsistedthatwhattheboydidwaswrong.
五.虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用,主要有两种情况:
I.wouldrather,It’stime…,forfearthat…
wouldrather在使用时要注意它的不同用法。
因为本身wouldrather可以直接接动词原形,构成wouldratherdosth.(thandosth.else);或者woulddosth.ratherthandosth.else.而虚拟语气的wouldrather是这样使用的wouldrathersb.did(对现在或将来的假设)/haddone(对过去的假设)
Iwouldratherhedidn’tgonow.
Theywouldrathertheyhadn’tattendedtheparty.
It’s(about)(high)time(that)…从句中常用过去式(有时也用shoulddo),含建议的意思。
汉语的意思为“是该做…的时候了”,也等于It’stimeforsb.todosth.
It’shightime(that)wewenthome.
It’shightimethatwe(should)gohome.
It’shightimeforustogohome.
forfearthat后面可以接虚拟语气shoulddo,也可以接其他语气,但依然会有一个情态动词。
IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatIshould/mightdisturdyou.
II.wish+clause;asif/though+clause;Ifonly这三种情况的虚拟语气有点相似。
wish后的宾语从句,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,其形式主要有三种wishsb.did(对现在的虚拟);wishsb.haddone(对过去的虚拟);wishsb.woulddo(对将来的虚拟).偶尔在对过去的虚拟时,也会出现wishsb.wouldhavedone的情况。
IwishIknewwhatwasgoingtohappen.
Shewishedshehadstayedathome.
IwishIwouldhaveseenherlastnight.
★此时要注意表示语气很强时用Howsb.Wish+clause,其用法同上。
如果要用was依然换成were.
HowIwishIwereabird.
asif/though出现的虚拟语气主要有两种情况:
主句+asif/though引导的状语从句;seem/look/smell+asif/though引导的表语从句。
主句+asif/though引导的状语从句:
主句+asif/though+主语+did/were(对现在的假设);主句+asif/though+主语+could/woulddo(对将来的假设);主句+asif/though+主语+haddone(对过去的假设)
seem/look/smell等的从句情况基本上和上面一致。
Shetalksasifshekneweverything.
Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.
注意不需要用虚拟语气的情况
Ifonly引起的感叹句要求用虚拟语气,表示愿望。
形式为:
用过去式或者would/coulddo,表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望;用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
Ifonlyhewerehere!
Ifonlyyouwouldlistentoouradvise!
IfonlyIhadnotbeenbusylastweek!
★Ifonly也可以用于虚拟条件从句中,如:
IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar!
六、虚拟语气测试题
.用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Ifyou__________________(follow)thedoctor,you_________________(be)allrightnow.
2.Ifwe___________________(drive)thecarbyturns,you________(notbe)sotirednow.
3.IfI______(be)you,I_________________(notmiss)thatopportunity.
4.Ifthey___________________(start)intheearlymorning,they____________(arrive)soon
5.Ifyou___________________(take)anumbrella,you_________________(notbe)wetnow.
6.Withoutwater,there______________(be)nolivingthings.
7.Butforyourhelp,we________________________(notfinish)thework.
8.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe____________(do)nothingwrongand_________(set)free.
9.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_________________(be)allrightnow.
10.lookattheterriblesituationIamin.IfonlyI______________(follow)youradvice..
.单项选择。
1.IfIhadenoughtime,I___itbetternexttime.
A.willdoB.havedoneC.didD.woulddo
2.Ifmycar____morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.
A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe
3.HowIwisheveryfamily_____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.
A.hadB.havehadC.willhaveD.hadhad
4.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI_____time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.
A.hadB.havehadC.hadhadD.have
5.I______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.
A.wouldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone
6.---Hewillcometomorrow.
---ButI’dratherhe_____thedayaftertomorrow.
A.willcomeB.iscomingC.cameD.hadcome
7.Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?
A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkedfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther
8.Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I_____thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.
A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetaken
C.mustn’thavetakenD.needn’thavetaken
9.You____muchbetternowifyouhadtakenthedoctor’sadvice.
A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.willbeD.shouldbe
10._____myselftomystudy,Iwouldbesittinginacomfortabletableofficenow.
A.IfIdevotedB.ShouldIdevoteC.WouldIdevoteD.HadIdevoted
11.____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittoZhonshanBridge.
A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will
12.Ifhe____myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.
A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow
13._____noairorwater,therewouldbenolifeintheworld.
A.WerethereB.ThereareC.TherewasD.Isthere
14.It’shightimethatyourdaughter____toschool.
A.wouldbesentB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.issent
15.Itisnecessarythattheseexercisebooks____assoonaspossible.
A.arehandedinB.wouldbehandedinC.willbehandedinD.behandedin
16.Mr.Greenrequiresthatthestudents____acompositioneveryotherweek.
A.writeB.writtenC.wouldwriteD.willwrite
17.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I____thefirstprizeintheEnglishwritingcomposition.
A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewon
C.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon
18.Brownhadintendedtotakeajobinbusiness,but______thatplanaftertheunpleasantexperienceinAmericain2011.
A.hadabandonedB.hasabandonedC.abandonedD.willabandon
.根据汉语提示,用括号中的单词完成句子。
1.要是他按照医生要求的那样静静地躺着,他现在就不那样受罪了。
Ifhehadlainquietlyasthedoctorinstructed,he______somuchnow.(suffer)
2.现在已经12点了,难道你不认为我们该回家了吗?
It’salready12o’clocknow,Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttimewe______home?
(go)
3.我昨天得了重感冒,否则,我就会完成作业了。
Ihadabadcoldyesterday,otherwise,I_______myhomework.(finish)
4.要不是因为英语考试,我上周日就会去听音乐会。
ButfortheEnglishexamination,I________totheconcertlastnight.(go)
5.要不是因为她不会唱歌,我就邀请她参加聚会了。
Ifit________thefactthatshecan’tsing.I______myhomework.(be)
6.即使太阳从西边升起,我对你的爱也不会变。
Ifthesunweretoriseinthewest,myloveforyou________.(change)
7.仔细想想,Michel的医生坚持认为他伤得很重,坚决要求他立刻动手术。
Aftercarefulexamination,Michel’sdoctorinsistedthathe____badlywoundedandthathe_____onatonce.(operate)
8.如果不是空气吸收了太阳的部分热量,夜晚地球会非常冷,不适合我们居住。
Withouttheairholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight____________forustoliveon.(too)
9.我宁愿你明天去买书。
Iwouldratheryou______tobuybookstomorrow