英语国家概况课程设计毕业设计论文.docx

英语国家概况课程设计毕业设计论文.docx

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英语国家概况课程设计毕业设计论文

华南农业大学珠江学院

《英语国家概况》课程测评设计

系：

外国语系年级专业：

2013级商务英语1303班

学号：

姓名（手写签名）：

提交日期：

2016年12月20日成绩评定：

AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries

1.1Geography,PeopleandLanguage

1.1.1Geography

latitudes49°Nand61°Nandlongitudes8°Wto2°E

About243000squarekilometers

England,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland

Thelongestriver:

SevernRiver

ThelargestLakeintheBritishlsles:

LoughNeagh

TheRiverThames:

①thelongestriverinEnglandandthesecondlongestintheUnitedKingdom②ahistoricallandmarkinthecityofLondon.Climate:

Temperate,withwarmsummers,coolwintersandplentifulprecipitation,Winterfog,Rainydays,Instability/Changeability

MajorCities:

LondonisthecapitalofEnglandandtheUnitedKingdom,thepolitical,industrial,culturalandfinancialcenterofthecountry,alsoistheoneoftheworld’sleadingbankingandfinancialcenters.

（BigBen,WestminsterAbbey,ThePalaceofWestminster,Guildhall,HydeParis,BuckinghamPalace,TowerBridge,LondonEye）

◆EdinburghisthecapitalofScotland.thecityisadministrative,financial,legal,medicalandinsurancecenterofScotland,ithasbeautifulsceneryandrenownedarchitecture

Landmarks＆SymbolsofEdinburgh:

Edinburghcastle,PalaceofHolyrood.

◆CardiffisthecapitalcityofWalesfor58years,istheyoungestcapitalcityinEurope.oneofthemostfashionablecitiesintheUnitedKingdom.

◆BelfastisthelargestcityandthecapitalofnorthernIreland,isanimportanthistoriccity.

1.1.2People

Overallpopulation:

about63million

Immigrants:

Italians,Greeks,Australians,NewZealanders,etc.

1.1.3Language

OldEnglish（5th~11th）

MiddleEnglish（11th~15th）

ModernEnglish（15th~）

StandardEnglish

1.2History

1.2.1TheFoundingoftheNation

RomanBritainandtheAnglo-Saxons:

PrehistoricPeriod（historyundocumented）

CelticBritain（5th—8thCenturyBC）

ThenameofBritain—Britons

RomanBritain（43AD—5thCentury）

JuliusCaesarinvadedBritain

TheAnglo-SaxonInvasion（5th—8thCentury）

Germanicpeople&English&RomanChristianty

St.Augustine:

foundedtheChristianchurchinsouthernEngland

DanishInvasion（8thCentury—1066）

AlfredtheGreat

TheNormanConquest

ThemilitaryconquestofEnglandbyWilliam

FeudalSociety:

GreatCharterBrithofParliamentHundredYears’War（1337-1453）TheWaroftheRoses（1455-1485）

1.2.2TransitiontotheModernAge

ReligiousReformation

2religiouscamps:

CatholicandProtestant

Immediatecause:

HerryVIII’sdivorce

ActofSupremacy:

HerryVIII—“theonlysupremeheadofthechurchofEngland”

Inessence,theReformationwasapoliticalmovementinareligiousguise.

GoldenAgeofEnglishHistory

TheCivilWar

Thecivilwar（1642-1651）:

themonarchywasabolished

TheCommonwealth（1649-1660）

ParliamenthadCharlesIIaskingofEngland.ThisputanendtotheCommonwealth.

RestorationandtheGloriousRevolution

1661,CharlesII:

torestoretheoldsocialorder

1685,JamesII:

toreestablishCatholicism

BillofRights:

limitingthepowerofthemonarchandguaranteeingtheauthorityofParliament

TheIndustrialRevolution

SevenYear’sWar（1756-1763）

TheIndustrialRevoltuiontookplacefirstinBritainforthefollowingreasons:

hugemarket

1.2.3TheRiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire

FirstBritishEmpire:

19thCentury

SecondBritishEmpireduringtheVictorianAge:

Mid-andlate-19thCentury

MostcountriessupporttheAlliesPowersandAlliesPowerswon.ThecostofthewarforBritainiwasgreat.

Germany-launchingaplantoconquerEurope

Britain-appeasement

TheFalloftheEmpire:

Independencemovement—India,Pakistan,Burma,Malaya,andEgyt

1.2.4BritainsinceWorldWarII

1.3GovernmentandtheCommonwealth

1.3.1Constitution

BritishConstitutionismadeupof:

StatutoryLaw/CommonLaw/Conventions

1.3.2Government

TheLegislature（BasicStructureofUKCentralGovernment）

Parliament（thelaw-makingbodyofBritain&theparliamentconsistsoftheKingorQueen,theHouseofLords,theHouseofCommons）

Queen（QueenElizabethIIisa“constitutionalmonarch”）

TheHouseoftheLords（theUpperHouse）:

TheHouseofCommons:

topasslaws,billsandactsofParliament/toscrutinize,criticizeandrestraintheactionsofthegovernment/toinfluencethefuturegovernmentpolicy）

TheExecutive:

headofthegovernment

TheCabinet:

supremedecision-makingbodyintheBritishgovernmentPrivyCouncil（itsmaindutyistogiveadvice）

TheJudiciary（twobranchesoflaw:

Civillaw&Criminallaw）

1.3.3PoliticalParties

OverallIntroduction

ComparativeDescriptiononthetwomajorparties

ConservativeParty

LaborParty

Development

FromTories（apoliticalgroupwhichappearedunderKingCharlesII）

ByUnionists,liberals,socialistsandtheFabianSociety

Time

Themiddleofthe19thcentury（old）

In1990（young）

Characteristics

RightwingpartyTheystandforprivateenterpriseandfreedomfromstatecontrol.

LeftwingpartyTheystandfornationalandcommunalgrowth.

Supporters

Middle&upper-middleclassPeopleofhigherposition

Workingcalssandcommonpeoplerelativelypoororunderprivileged

Right（MargaretThatcher）

Left（TonyBlair/GordonBrown）

1.3.4Election

Heldeveryfiveyearsinthe646constituencies

1.3.5TheCommonwealth

OriginoftheCommonwealth:

in1949,”British”wasdroppedfromthetitleof“Commonwealth”theLondonDeclarationacceptedandrecognizedIndia’scontinuedmembershipasarepublic.From1960onwards,newmembersjoinedtheCommonwealth.

CharacteristicsandFunctions:

avoluntaryassociationoftheindependentsovereignstates/toadvocatedemocracy,humanrights,andtopromoteeconomiccooperationandgrowthofitsmembers

Members:

anorganizationcomposedof53statesin2005/apopulationofapproximately1.8billionpeople,some30percentoftheworld’stotalpopulation

Organizations:

TheheadquartersarealllocatedinLondon/theCommonwealthSecretariat/CommonwealthMinisters’Meetingheldannually.

CommonwealthDay:

thesecondMondayinMarcheveryyear/anopportunitytopromoteunderstandingofglobalissues,internatonalcooperationandtheeffortstoimprovethelivesofits1.8billioncitizens.

1.4Economy

1.4.1RecentHistoryofBritishEconomy

Groupof8:

aforumforthegovernmentsoftheworld’seightwealthiestcountiresthatoriginatedin1975.

Economicdecline（afterworldwarII）causes:

twoworldwargreateconomiclossBritainfailedtoinvestinindustryafterWorldWarII

Policies:

（mixedeconomy）&duringthe20thcenturythegovernmenthasbecomeinvolvedintheeconomythroughintroductionofsocialwelfarepoliciesandlawstoregulateindustrialrelations.

1945-1979:

result:

Britain’seconomicgrowthfellbehindthatofwesternEuropeancountries

1979-1997:

result:

Britain’seconomicgrowthstilllaggedbehind/in1997,thelaborpartyTonyBlair（the“ThirdWay”）Result:

Britain’seconomicgrowthsurpassedothermajorEuropeancountries

1.4.2CurrentBritishEconomy

Theworld’sfifthlargesteconomy

NaturalResources&Infrastructures:

Principalresources—oilandgas/Largeamountofcoal

Agriculture：

Mildclimate-favorableenvironmentforagricultureandstockraising.

EnergyProduction:

（Shell、BritishPetroleum、BritishGas）

Servicesindustries:

thestrongestperformingsectorintheUKeconomy.

Finance:

Londonknownastheworld’sleadinginternationalfinancialcentre

TheLondonforeignexchangemarketisthelargestintheworld

FundManagementSecuritiesDealing

1.5Education,MediaandHoliday

1.5.1Education

EducationPolicy:

CompulsoryeducationComprehensiveschools/Grammarschools/Vocationalschools

Subjects:

mathematics,English,science,geography,history,technology,music,arts,physicaleducationandaforeignlanguage.

EducationalSystem

PrimaryandSecondaryEducation:

（Statesystem—localauthoritymaintained/Independentsystem—Publicschools）

Independentsystem——famousschools:

Eton,HarrowandWinchester

Nationalcurriculum

HigherEducation

1.5.2Media

Newspapers—longestablishedindustry

theworld’soldestSundaynewspaper）

TheTimes

TelevisionandBroadcast

TheBritishBroadcastingCorporation（BBC）1936

IndependentTelevision（ITV）1955

1.5.3HolidaysandFestival

Christmas:

celebrationofthebrithofJesusChrist

BoxingDay:

thedayfollowingChristmasday

Easter:

theoldestandmostimportantChristianfestival

Nationalfestival:

onNovember5

BonfireNight:

lighthugebonfire

Mother’sDay:

firstcelebratedin1908

AprilFools’Day:

playingpracticaljokesonthisday.

RemembranceSunday:

heldonthesecondSundayinNovember

1.6Literature

TheOldEnglishPeriodandMiddleEnglishPeriod（450-1500）

TheOldEnglishPeriod:

theepicBeowulf

TheMiddleEnglishPeriod:

WiththeNormaConquestin1066,BritianenteredtheMiddleAges（1066-1485）

GeoffreyChaucer

TheRenaissance（1500-1660）

Sonnet:

oftheItalianorigin,oneofthebest-knownsonnetwritersisWillianShakespeare,whowrote154ofthem.

Drama：

ThehighestgloryoftheEnglishRenaissanceisdrama

WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）:

wasborninthathouseonHenleyStreetinStratford-upon-AvoninApril1564.

Comedy:

amidsummermight’sdream（1595）/themerchantofVenice（1598）

Tragedies:

Hamlet（1601）/RemeoandJuliet（1597）

TheNeo-ClassicalPeriod（1660-1785）

HistoricalBackground

Representatives

JohnMilton:

（1608-1674）ParadiseLost

AlexanderPope:

（1688-1744）thefirstEnglishpoetwhocouldlivedoffthesalesofhisworks

JonathanSwift:

（1667-1745）Yahoo

DanielDefoe:

（1660-1731）RobinsonCrusoe

TheRomanticPeriod（1785-1830）

PioneersofRomanticPoets

Pioneers:

WilliamWordsworth（1770-1850）&SamuelTaylorColeridge（1772-1834）

DeclarationofIndependenceofromanticpoetry—LyricalBallads（1798）

TheMajor“SecondGeneration”ofRomanticPoets:

GeogreGordonByron（1788-1824）

J