国际知识产权法案例分析英文版.docx
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国际知识产权法案例分析英文版
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WUHANUNIVERSITYSCHOOLOFLAWINTERNATIONALINTELLECTUALPROPERTY
LAW:
OVERVIEWANDCURRENTISSUES
LecturedbyProfessorSamRicketson
MelbourneUniversityLawSchool
TAKEHOMEEXAMINATION-SEMESTER1,2012
Major:
InternationalEconomicLaw
Name:
LinYao
Number:
2011201060201
Date:
2012.11.23
Introduction
DuringtheperiodofNovember2012,ItookInternational
IntellectualProperty
Law:
OverviewandCurrentIssues”asanimportantforeignelective
course.
ThecourseisstructuredaroundoverviewsandfrontierproblemsonIPrights.Basedonthoseclassicconventionsystemsresearchandclassdiscussionsaboutcurrentissues,Iliftedknowledgeandsharpenedmylinguisticskills.InStrictAccordancewiththerequirementsandschedule,I'vecompletedthetaskthroughmyowneffortsasastudyfeedback.
ThanksforProfessorSamRicketsonandProfessorNiejianqiangworkedonimpartingknowledgeandletmeenjoythewonderfuljourneyof
InternationalIntellectualPropertyLaw.Lookforwardtoyoursuggestionandcorrection.
ALLMYANSWERSAREASBELOW:
PARTA
QuestionOne-40%
DearJustine:
YouhaveaskedmeforadviceonDraftTempuranIntellectualProperty
Code.Thankyoufortrustingme,andIwilltrytogivesomesuggestions.
AllthesuggestionsareunderTRIPsAgreement,theBerneConventionfortheProtectionofLiteraryandArtisticWorks,theParisConventionfortheProtectionofIndustrialProperty,andtheWIPOCopyrightTreaty,whichwillbeinheritbyTempuran.
(a)
A.Copyright
(1)ThedraftCodedefines"theauthorisacitizenofTempuraor
hasbeen
habituallyresidentinTempuraforaperiodofnolessthan5years".Butas
BerneConventionprovides:
Authorswhoarenotnationalsofoneofthe
countriesoftheUnionbutwhohavetheirhabitualresidenceinoneof
themshall,forthepurposesofthisConvention,beassimilatedtonationals
ofthatcountry.”Thatmeansthetimestandardof"5yearsshouldnotbe
set.
(2)Theprovider"onlytheworkisfirstpublishedinTempuranorincountries
JP
that
giveequivalentprotectiontotheworksofTempuranauthorsshould
beprotectedandeventhefurtherconditionforprotectiongoagainstto
nationaltreatment.
(3)Aboutthedurationofprotection,theconventionproviderthetermshallbe
thelifeoftheauthorandfiftyyearsafterhisdeathandgivepermanent
protectionforrightofpersonality."100yearsafterthefirstpublication"
and"willprejudicetheauthor*sright,personalityrightshouldnotbe
limitedinauthor'slifetime.
B.Designs
Initialregistration,andeachrenewalofregistration,ofa
trademarkshall
beforatermofnolessthansevenyears.
C.Trademarks
(1)AccordingtotheTRIPsAgreement,ofregistration,trademark
meansthat
signsbevisuallyperceptible.Therefore,cautiousattitudeshould
beholdto
"smell”canbeakindoftrademark.
(2)**Throughevidenceofextensivemarketusethathasalready
occurredat
thetimeofapplication”maybeasuitableconditionforwell-known
trademarkapplication,buttoostrictwithcommontrademark.
D.Patentsforinventions
(1)Abouttheproblemofforeignpriority.
Theperiodsofpriority
shallbe
twelvemonthsforpatentsandnoveltywon'
tlosedespiteof
applicationor
publishinginotherUnionmembers.
(2)Patentscanbetakenadvantagetomeet
fairuseforthe
educationnecessary,
notlimitedincollegesorhighereducationalestablishments.
(3)Thepatentsrightholdershallbepaidadequateremunerationin
the
circumstancesofeachcase,takingintoaccounttheeconomicvalueofthe
authorizationundercompulsorylicense,alsothepatenteewhohas
its
principalheadquartersoutsideofTempura.
ApplicationofCode
TheCodeshouldberetroactive,ambitofindustrialpropertyrightsprotection
mayexpandtoexpandtotheworkscomeintoexistencebeforeorafterthecommencementdateoftheCode.
(1)Traditionalideasthat,
everycountryinsistsontheterritorialcharacterof
intellectualpropertyright
inestablishingtherulesofapplication
ThestrictRegionprinciple
decidesdomesticlawhasno
oflaw.
extraterritorial
effectinprinciple.ButTempuraisahighlyindustrializedcountry
JP
witha
IuictiuiliomIIntcllpiiualandf'urrvnlIs'mics
IJlUUtsTWriHAIIKniFSmi.
largeservicessector,thatmeansabandonextraterritorialjurisdictionis
adverseforIPrightsprotectionasantechnologyexportingcountry.
(2)Subjectmatterjurisdictioncontributestotheestablishmentof
independent
andunifiedlegalsystem.Extraterritorialsubjectmatterjurisdictionmainly
aimsatdamagetotheinterestsofoverseascitizens.Sofora
sovereign
achievejudicaturetoenhance
independenceanddevelopment.
Although
to
(3)Theownershipandcontentsofanintellectualpropertyright
shallbegover
nedbylawsoftheplacewhereprotectionisclaimed.
PARTB
QuestionTwo-30%
TherapiddevelopmentoftheInternettothenetworkenvironmentof
Intellectual,Propertyprotectionhasbroughtunprecedentedimpact.
Cyberspaceisaglobal,interactiveandnon-jurisdictionofthecentralfeaturesofthenetworksothattheworldcannotrelysolelyonadisputetosolvethecountry,itneedsinternationalcooperationandcoordination.
Internetintellectualpropertyisthederivativecombinginternettechnologywithintellectualproperty.Comparedwithtraditional
intellectualproperty,thestrikingcharacteristicsofinternet
waysofinfringement,difficult
investigatinginfringement
intellectualproperty
theenvironmentbased
infringementcases,diversified
responsibilitiesandimperfectconventionsystemsininternet
intellectualproperty,somemeasuresshouldbetakentostrengthen
internetintellectualpropertyprotectionbyimprovinginternational
treaty-making,perfectinginternetintellectualpropertyprotect
organism,improvingpeople*sawarenessofthelawofinternet
intellectualpropertyprotection.
Forexample,atpresenttheInternetdomainnameplaystheroleof
equivalentoftrademark,butstillhasnotobtainedthelegalstatus
similartotrademark.Maliciousregisteringactionhasalreadycaused
problems,andthesolutionseemstobegivingthelegalprotectionas
trademark.However,thesetsofconventionsforminginthe19thcentury
aredifficulttocompletelyadapttothesocialrealityofthe21st
century.
Theprovisionsofthepresentconventionisadaptedtothe
industrialeconomiccondition,butintheeraofknowledgeeconomy,the
rangeandspeedofinformation
lieintheexistenceofintellectualpropertyandoncomputernetwork.Itthereforehastherulesof
disseminationisfarfromtraditionalenvironment,techniqueupdatecyclebecomesshorter,eliminatedfrequently,intellectualpropertyintangiblelossalsoincreasesgreatly.Therefore,furtherupdateforthecurrentinternationaltreatiesisnecessary.Ofcourse,therenewaloftheintellectualpropertylegalsystemwillnotshakethepurposeofintellectualpropertyrightsandbasicfunction,onthecontrary,itistopromote
intellectualpropertysystemplayabetterroletheinevitabletrend.
QuestionThree-30%
Historically,intheinternationallegalsystem,independent,parallel,andyettherearesignificantcontrastsbetweentheevolutionofIntellectualPropertylawsandinternationalhumanrightslaw.
However,Sincethe1990s,westernscholarsbegantopayattentiontothecomplicatedrelationshipbetweenthem.ThisacademicresearchphenomenonrelatestoAgreementonTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualProperty
Rights(TheTRIPSagreement)formulationandimplementation.
AccordingtoUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights(hereafterreferredtoasUDHR)andInternationalCovenantonEconomic,Socialand
CulturalRights,(hereafterreferredtoasICESCR),Everyonehastherightfreelytoparticipateintheculturallifeofthecommunity,toenjoytheartsandtoshareinscientificadvancementanditsbenefits.
Butasthedevelopmentofdigitalage,collisionbetweenintellectualpropertyprotectionandhumanrightshasbeenrising.Theprovisionsof
TRIPsagreementposeanobstacletorealizationofthesebasichumanrights.Theadverseimpactsmainlyinclude:
obstructtechnologyassignmenttodevelopingcountries:
newvarietiesofplantsandgeneticallymodifiedorganismspatentsinfluenceadequatefoodneed:
medicinepatentsimpactonenjoyinggoodhealth,etc.
However,theIGOsandUNseniorofficialsalwayskeepcautiousattitudetowardusing"conflict”todescribethisrelationship.Theyusetheword"tension”instead.
Actually,Ithinkintellectualpropertyisnottotallyonoppositesidetohumanrights,butthetoolforhumanrightsrealization.
Intellectualpropertyisusedtoachievethepurposeasfollowing:
encourageinventionandcreation,encourageinnovativeproductionspread,encouragedevelopmentofculturecharacteristics.Integrityofscientific,literaryandartisticworkswillprovidebettersocialservices,evencreategoodconditionsforrealizinghumanrights.
Indeed,strainedrelationsbetweenhumanrightsandIPrightscannotbeignored.Thereareviewsthattheconflictcanbesolvedbythelegislativeway.Accordingto
article7ofTRIPs,theinterestsbalancespiritreflectseachpartofhumanrightsare
indivisible,thisispolicyspaceforWTOmemberstoprotectIPrightsandensuresocialpublicinterestsatthesametime.WIPOalsothink,exceptionsandrestrictive
covenantsinthearticleareenoughtohelpeasethetensionrelationship.Developing
countriescanalsomakeuseoftheflexibilityandexceptionclause
(suchascompulsorylicense,patentexceptions,etc.)inTRIPSagreementclausetosolvedrugsavailab