职称英语考试综合类B级试题及答案.docx
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职称英语考试综合类B级试题及答案
2013年职称英语考试综合类B级试题及答案
第1部分：
词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1、She cameacross threechildrensleepingunderabridge.
ApassedbyBtookanoticeof
CwokeupDfoundbychance
答案：
D
职业培训教育网名师解析：
comeacross是固定搭配，意思是“偶遇，碰巧发现”，因此选择D选项。
passby“路过”，takeanoticeof“注意到”，wakeup“醒来”。
2、Itseemed incredible thathehadbeenthereaweekalready.
ArightBobviousCunbelievableDunclear
答案：
C
职业培训教育网名师解析：
incredible意为“难以置信的”，与unbelievable同义。
obvious“明显的”，unclear“不明的”。
3、Hewas tempted bythehighsalaryofferedbythecompany.
AattractedBtaughtCkeptDchanged
答案：
A
职业培训教育网名师解析：
tempt“吸引，诱惑”，此处为被动态，句子意思为：
他被这家公司开出的高额薪水吸引了。
A选项符合句义。
4、Shegets aggressive whensheisdrunk.
AworriedBoffensiveCsleepyDanxious
答案：
B
职业培训教育网名师解析：
aggressive意为“好斗的，富于攻击性的”，与offensive相近，如：
Mentendtobemoreaggressivethanwomen.男性往往比女性更具有攻击性。
Knivesofanysortareclassedasoffensiveweapons.任何刀具都属于攻击性武器。
worried“拘心的”，sleepy“困倦的”，anxious“焦急的”。
5、Ihavelittleinformation asregards herfitnessforthepost.
AatBwithCaboutDfrom
答案：
C
职业培训教育网名师解析：
asregards是固定搭配，意思是“关于”，如：
Thereisnoproblemasregardsthefinancialarrangements.资金筹备方面毫无问题。
6、Theseanimals migrate southannuallyinsearchoffood.
AexploreBinhabitCpreferDtravel
答案：
D
职业培训教育网名师解析：
migrate的意思是“迁徙”，travel除了常见的“旅行”意思外，还有“行进”的意思，如：
Supersonicplanescantravelfasterthanthespeedofsound.超音速飞机的速度比音速快。
在这里可作同义替换。
explore“探索”，inhabit“柄息，居住”，prefer“更喜欢”。
7、Therewassomething peculiar inthewayhesmiles.
AdifferentBwrongCstrangeDfunny
答案：
C
10、Hepaused,waitingforherto digest theinformation.
AwithholdBexchangeCunderstandDcontact
答案：
C
职业培训教育网名师解析：
digest本义是“消化”，可转义为“理解（知识、信息）”，在句中可与understand互换。
withhold“保留，隐瞒”;exchange“交换”;contact“联系”。
11、Therulesaretoo rigid toallowforhumanerror.
AgeneralBinflexibleCcomplexDdirect
答案：
B
职业培训教育网名师解析：
rigid“僵硬的，固定的，顽间的”，与inflexible同义。
12、Rumorsbeganto circulate abouthisfinancialproblems.
AsendBhearCconfirmDspread
答案：
D
职业培训教育网名师解析：
circulate做不及物动同，意思是“传播，流通”，如：
Weshouldoftenopenthewin-dowstoallowtheairtocirculate.我们应当经常打开窗户以使空气流通。
句子的意思是：
关于他的财政问题的流言开始传开。
13、Comeout,orI'll bust thedoordown.
AbreakBshutCsetDbeat
答案：
A
职业培训教育网名师解析：
bust“使爆裂”，句子的意思是：
快点，不然我就破门而入了。
这里与break同义。
14、Thepolicewillneedtokeepa wary eyeonthisareaoftown.
AnakedBblindCcautiousDprivate
答案：
C
职业培训教育网名师解析：
wary“谨慎的，机警的”，与cautious同义。
naked“裸体的”，blind“盲的”，private“私人的”。
15、Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswill expire soon.
AshortenBstartCendDresume
答案：
C
第2部分：
阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：
如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
KickingtheHabit
Whatisabadhabit?
Themostcommondefinitionisthatitissomethingthatwedoregularly,almostwithoutthinkingaboutit,andwhichhassomesortofnegativeconsequence.Thisconsequencecouldaffectthosearoundus,oritcouldaffectuspersonally.Thosewhodenyhavingbadhabitsareprobablylying.Badhamsarepartofwhatmakesushuman.
Manyearlyhabits,likesuckingourthumb,arebrokenwhenweareveryyoung.Weareeithertoldtostopdoingitbyourparents,orweconsciouslyorsubconsciouslyobservethatothersdonothavethesamehabit,andwegraduallygrowoutofit.Itiswhenweintentionallyorunintentionallypickupnewhabitsinourlaterchildhoodorearlyadulthoodthatitbecomesaproblem.Unlesswecanbreakthathabitearlyon,itbecomesapartofourWe,andbecomes“programmed”intoourbrain.
Arecentstudyofhumanmemorysuggeststhatnomatterhowhardwetrytochangeourhabits,itistheoldwaysthattendtowin,especiallyinsituationswherewearerushed,stressedoroverworked.Habitsthatwethoughtwehadgotridofcansuddenlycomeback.Duringthestudyprogramme,theresearchersshowedagroupofvolunteersseveralpictures,andgavethemwordstoassociatewiththem.Theythenshowedthevolunteersthesamepicturesagain,andgavethemnewwordstoassociatewiththem.
Afewdayslater,thevolunteersweregivenatest.Theresearchersshowedthemthepictures，andtoldthemtorespondwithoneofthewordstheyhadbeengivenforeachone.ItcameasnosurprisethattheiranswersweresplitbetweenthefirstsetofwordsandthesecondTwoweekslater,theyweregiventhesametestagain.Thistime,mostofthemonlygavethefirstsetofwords.Theyappearedtohavecompletelyforgottenthesecondset.
Thestudyconfirmsthattheresponseswelearnfirstarethosethatremainstrongestovertime.Wemaytrytochangeourways,butafterawhile,theresponsethatcomestomindfirstisusuallythefirstonewelearned.Themorethatresponseisusedthemoreautomaticitbecomesandtheharderitbecomestorespondinanyotherway.
Thestudythereforesuggeststhatovertime,ourbadhabitsalsobecomeautomatic,learnedbehaviour.Thisisnotgoodnewsforpeoplewhopickedupbadhabitsearlyinlifeandnowwanttochangeorbreakthem.Evenwhenwetrytoputnew,goodintentionsintopractice,thosepreviouslylearnedhabitsremainstrongerinmoreautomatic,unconsciousformsofmemory.
16Boysusuallydevelopbadhabitswhentheyareveryyoung.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
17Wecanonlybreakbadhabitsifotherstellustodoso.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
18Badhabitsmayreturnwhenweareunderpressure.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
19Researchersweresurprisedbytheanswersthatthevolunteersgaveinthefirsttest.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
20Thevolunteersfoundthetestmoredifficultwhentheydiditthesecondtime.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
21Thestudysuggeststhatitismoredifficulttorespondtowhatwelearnfirst
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
20C文中只提到更多的受试者在第二次测试中选择了第一组也就是先记住的同汇，并没有讲他们对题目难度的感受。
21B调查显示人们更容易记住先学到的东西。
22A文中最后两段都是在讲小时候坏习惯是根深蒂固的，即使努力摆脱，也常常容易回到旧轨道上去。
第3部分：
概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：
（1）第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个最佳标题;
（2）第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
TrafficJams-NoEndinSight
Trafficcongestion（拥堵）affectspeoplethroughouttheworldTrafficjamscausesmogindozensofcitiesacrossboththedevelopedanddevelopingworld.IntheU.S.,commuters（通勤人员）spendanaverageofafullworkingweekeachyearsittingintrafficjams,accordingtotheTexasTransportationinstitute.Whilealternativewaysofgettingaroundareavailable,mostpeoplestillchoosetheircarsbecausetheyarelookingforconvenience,comfortandprivacy.
Themostpromisingtechniqueforreducingcitytrafficiscalledcongestionpricing，wherebycitieschargeatolltoentercertainpartsoftownatcertaintimesofday.Intheory,ifthetoilishighenough,somedriverswillcanceltheirtripsorgobybusortrain.Andinpracticeitseemstowork;Singapore,LondonandStockholmhavereducedtrafficandpollutionincitycentresthankstocongestionpricing.
Anotherwaytoreducerush-hourtrafficisforemployerstoimplementflexitime,whichletsemployeestraveltoandfromworkatoff-peaktraffictimestoavoidtherushhour.Thosewhohavetotravelduringbusytimescandotheirpartbysharingcars.Employerscanalsoallowmorestafftotelecommute（workfromhome）soastokeepmorecarsofftheroadaltogether.
Someurbanplannersstillbelievethatthebestwaytoeasetrafficcongestionistobuildmoreroads,especiallyroadsthatcantakedriversaroundorovercrowdedcitystreets.Butsuchtechniquesdonotreallykeepcarsofftheroad;theyonlyaccommodatemoreofthem.
Other,moreforward-thinking,plannersknowthatmoreandmoredriversandcarsaretakingtotheroadseveryday,andtheyareunwillingtoencouragemoreprivateautomobileswhenpublictransportissomuchbetterbothforpeopleandtheenvironment.Forthisreason,theAmericangovernmenthasdecidedtospendsome$7billiononhelpingtoincreasecapacityonpublic-transportsystemsandupgradethemwithmoreefficienttechnologies.Butenvironmentalistscomplainthatsuchfundingistinycomparedwiththe$50billionbeingspentonroadsandbridges.
23Paragraph1_____
24Paragraph2______
25Paragraph3______
26Paragraph4______
A.Payingtogetin
B.Asolutionwhichisnosolution
C.Changingworkpractice
D.Closingcitycentrestotraffic
E.Notdoingenough
27MostAmericandriversthinkitconvenientto______.
28Ifchargedhighenough,somedriversmay______toentercertainpartsoftown.
29Buildingmoreroadsisnotaneffectivewayto_______.
30TheU.S.governmenthasplannedto_______updatingpublic-transportsystems.
Areducetrafficjams
Bspendmoremoney
Cdrivearound
Dtravelregularly
Egobybus
第4部分：
阅读理解（第31-45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
OperationMigration
IfyoulookupattheskyintheearlyfallinthenorthernpartofNorthAmerica,youmayseegroupsofbirds.Thesebirdsareflyingsouthtoplaceswheretheycanfindfoodandwarmthforthewinter.Theyaremigrating（迁徙）Theyoungbirdsusuallylearntomigratefromtheirparents.Theyfollowtheirparentssouth.Inoneunusualcase,however,theyoungbirdsarefollowingsomethingverydifferent.Thesebirdsareyoungwhoopingcranes,andtheyarefollowinganairplane?
ThewhoopingcraneisthelargestbirdthatisnativetoNorthAmerica,Thesebirdsalmostdisappearedinthe1800s.By1941，therewereonlyabout20cranesalive.Inthe1970s,peoplewereworriedthatthesecreatureswereindangerofdisappearingcompletely.Asaresult,theUnitedStatesidentifiedwhoopingcranesasanendangeredspeciesthattheyneededtoprotect.
Someresearcherstriedtohelp.Theybegantobreedwhoopingcranesinspecialparkstoincreasethenumberofbirds.Thisplanwassuccess
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