高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day 83.docx

高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day 83.docx

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高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day83

高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day83

Passage1

IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.

Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste,theconcentration（含量）ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinso-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.

Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecycledprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.

Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging（包装）itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.

TheU.S.EnvironmentProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhouserelease.”Individualscanreducecontributionsbycreatinglesswasteatthestart—forinstance,buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.

Inmanycountries,theconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive（动机）forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?

Governments'incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why,theyask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibletodealwiththebubblewrap（气泡垫）thatencasedyourtelevision?

Fromthegovernments'pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.

1.BytheSwissstudy,theauthorintendedtotellus______.

A.theweightofe-goodsisrathersmall

B.e-wastedeservestobemadegooduseof

C.naturalmaterialscontainsmorepreciousmetals

D.thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine-waste

2.Theresponsibilityofe-wastetreatmentshouldbeextended______.

A.fromproducerstogovernments

B.fromgovernmentstoproducers

C.fromindividualstodistributors

D.fromdistributorstogovernments

3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Theincreaseine-waste.

B.Thecreationofe-waste.

C.Theseriousnessofe-waste.

D.Themanagementofe-waste.

Passage2

Breakdancingissettomakeitsfirstdebut（亮相）asanOlympicsportatParis2024,TonyEstanguet,headoftheParisorganizingcommittee,saidonFebruary21st.Skateboarding,sportclimbingandsurfing,whichhavealreadybeenaddedtotheprogrammeforthe2020TokyoOlympics,havebeeninvitedtoreturninParisfouryearslater.

TonyEstanguetsaidthechoicesrespondedtoaneedtomaketheOlympics“moreurban”and“moreartistic”.WehavechosentopresenttheInternationalOlympicCommittee（IOC）withthefoursportsbecausetheyarecreative,appealingtoyouthandcompletelyinlinewithourvision.TheyreflectperfectlyParis2024’sidentity.

Breakdancingisanexampleofasport“Whichcanbeplayedanywhereandanytimeinurbanandotherenvironment.“Itappearedatthe2018YouthOlympicsinBuenosAiresintheformofhead-to-head“battles”.Incompetitivebreakdancing,“breakers”faceoffin“battles”againsteachother,eitherasindividualsorteams.Breakdancersuseamixofphysicalandartisticskillscombiningelementsfromgymnasticsoracrobatics（杂技）.

TheIOChadannouncedthatthenumberofcompetitorsatParis2024wouldberestrictedto10,500,whichlimitedtheopportunitytoaddsports.ButtheorganizerssaidtheinclusionofthefoursportsinPariswouldnotnecessitatetheconstructionofpermanentfacilitiesandwouldinvolvejust248competitors,ofwhich32wouldheinbreakdancing.ThesurfingeventsarelikelytobeheldinestablishedsurfcentressuchasBiarritzorLacanauinsouthwestFrance.

TheinclusionstillneedtoberubberstampedbytheIOC,whichisexpectedtodecideonwhichsportstoaddinParisafternextyears’TokyoGames.

1.Whatdoweknowaboutbreakdancing?

A.Itinvolvesmultipleskills.

B.It’slimitedtogroupcompetition.

C.ItwillshowupinParis2024.

D.Itneverappearedintheworldevents.

2.WhyhaveParisorganizerschosenthefoursports?

A.Becausetheyattractyoungpeople.

B.BecausetheyperfectlyreflectParis’identity

C.BecausetheymakeParismoreurbanandartistic.

D.Becausetheycanbeplayedanytimeandanywhere.

3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?

A.10,500competitorswillcompeteforthenewsports.

B.MoresurfcenterswillbespeciallydesignedforParis2024.

C.TheIOCwillrejecttheproposalbecauseofinadequatefacilities.

D.Theinclusionwon’trequireadditionalcompetitionspacetohebuilt.

4.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“rubberstamped”inthelastparagraph?

A.approvedB.canceledC.submittedD.designed

Passage3

Ifhumanspumpenoughcarbondioxide（CO2）intotheatmosphere,thestratocumulusclouds（层积云）coulddisappear,andtheearth'stemperaturecouldclimbsharplytoheightsnotpredictedincurrentclimatemodels.Itwouldburntheplanet.That'stheconclusionofapaperpublishedinthejournalNatureGeoscienceanddescribedindetailbyNatalieWolchoverforQuantaMagazine.

AsWolchoverexplained,cloudshavelongbeenoneofthegreatuncertaintiesofclimatemodels.Computermodelsthateasilycapturethecomplexityanddetailofmostclimatesystemsjustaren'tpowerfulenoughtopredictworldwidechangesincloudbehavior.Butcloudsareimportant.Theyreflectsunlightawayfromtheearth'ssurface.Andstratocumuluscloudsarethosewhiteblanketsyoumighthaveseenasyoulookedoutthewindowofarmairplane,rollingoutbelowyouandhidingthegroundResearcherssuspectthatcertainsudden,pastjumpsintemperaturemayhavebeencausedbychangestocloudslikethese.

Forthenewresearch,scientistsmodeledjustasmallpatchofskyusingasupercomputer.Theyfoundthatifcarbondioxidelevelsreachabout1,200partspermillion（ppm）intheatmosphere,stratocumuluscloudsbreakup.That'saveryhighcarbondioxideconcentration.Rightnow,levelshaveclimbedpast410ppm--adangerouschangefrom280ppmbeforetheIndustrialRevolution.

ButhumansputmoreandmoreCO2intotheatmosphereeveryyear.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,theearthcouldreach1,200ppmwithin100to150years.Thiscouldhappenifoursocietydoesn'tfollowthroughonanyofitscommitmentstoreduceemissions（排放）,Wolchoverreported.Andevenifitdoes,theresultwouldbeanother8degreesCelsiusofheataddedtotheglobalaverage,ontopofthedangerouschangesalreadyunderwayduetogreenhousegases.

That’sanenormouschange,anditgoesbeyondpredictionsofworldwideicemeltandcatastrophicsealevelrise.And,oncethestratocumuluscloudsaregone,Wolchoverreported,theylikelywouldn'treappearuntilatmosphericcarbondioxidelevelsdroppedbelowwheretheyarecurrently.

There'sstillsomeuncertaintyinthedata.The1,200ppmfigurecouldchangeasscientistslookintotheissuefurther.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?

A.Mostclimatesystemsarenotcomplex.

B.Cloudbehaviorisuncertainandhardtopredict.

C.Temperaturechangesaffectthestratocumulusclouds.

D.Thestratocumuluscloudsprotectplanesfromsunlight.

2.Howdidthescientistsstudycloudsinthenewresearch?

A.Bymeasuringthesealevel.

B.Byexperimentinginanaturalstate.

C.Bycomparingclimatemodels.

D.Bycomputermodelingandanalyzing.

3.Whatdoes"it"refertoinparagraph4?

A.Theatmosphere.

B.Theearth.

C.Oursociety.

D.Theresult.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldWolchovermostprobablyagreewith?

A.TheeffectsofCO2emissionshavebeenfullyassessed.

B.Thestratocumuluscloudswon'treturniftheyaregone.

C.Thebreakupofstratocumuluscloudscouldresultincatastrophes.

D.OnceCO2levelreaches1,200ppm,stratocumuluscloudswillgoextinct.

Passage4

　　Ifwhatwedidweresimplyworktolive,therealityofoureverydayexistencewouldbeequivalenttothatofstoneageman.Allofhumanachievementthatmakesmodernlifepossiblehashappenedbecauseofthetimethathasbeenfreedupfromtheworkofeverydaysurvival.

　　Formostofthehumanspeciesonearthmanandwomanhavebeenoccupiedwiththesimplebusinessofstayingaliveinasmuchrelativecomfortaspossible.Huntingandgathering,findingorbuildingshelter,defendingthelittlethatonehasfromplunder（抢夺）,survivinglongenoughtohaveoff-springsofamatureenoughagetocontributetothewelfareofthegroup—thiswasinitiallythemainbusinessofliving.Ithasonlybeencomparativelyrecently,sincetheagriculturalandindustrialrevolutionsthatusedemergingtechnologiestofreehumanbeingsfromthedrudgeryofday-to-daysurvival,thattimehasbecomeavailabletodootherthansimplysurvive.

　　However,livingtoworkisaluxurythatweshouldnottakeforgranted,forevennowsti