现在完成时讲解含讲解及习题.docx

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现在完成时讲解含讲解及习题.docx

现在完成时讲解含讲解及习题

现在完成时讲解之欧侯瑞魂创作

时间:

二O二一年七月二十九日

一、构成:

肯定式:

主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.

疑问式:

助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?

否定式:

主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.

过去分词规则变动:

a)一般情况下,直接加ed,(work---worked,water---watered,finish---finished等;)

b)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y酿成i再加ed,(carry---carriedstudy---studied等;)

c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词,要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed.(stop---stopped,shop---shopped)

d)以不发音的e结尾的动词,只加d(

过去分词不规则变动表:

二、用法:

用法一:

暗示过去(已经、曾或从未)发生的某一举措对现在造成的影响或结果.

标识表记标帜词:

①already,②never,③ever,④just,⑤yet,⑥before,

⑦once/twice/数字+times

例:

Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已清扫了房间(房间现在是干净的,不需要清扫了)

Theyhaveleft.--他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里

Ihaveneverhadacar(我从未有过汽车.)

Ihavebeentheretwice.

a)already往往用于肯定句,用在疑问句时暗示强调或加强语气;yet用于否定句和疑问句.

•Hehasalreadylefthere.他已经离开这里了.

•Hashealreadylefthere?

他(真的)已经离开这里了吗?

(暗示加强语气)

•Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭.

•Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?

你已经给你父母写过信了吗?

b)never是否定词,暗示“历来没有”,而ever暗示“曾”

•WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我们历来没有去过长城.

•HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?

你们曾去过加拿年夜吗?

c)just用于句中,暗示“刚刚”

•I’vejusthadbreakfast.我刚吃完早饭.

•Whathavetheyjustdone?

他们刚刚做了什么?

d)before用于句末,暗示“以前”

•I’veseenitbefore.我以前见过它.

练习:

用never,ever,already,before,just或yet填空.

1.Ihave__________seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.

2.Jackhas__________finishedhishomework.

3.--Haveyou_________seenthefilm?

--No,Ihave________seenit.

4.---Hasthebusleft_______?

---Yes,ithas________left.

5.Wouldyouliketogotothezoowithme?

Yes,butIhavebeenthere_________.

★hasgoneto,hasbeento,hasbeenin的区别:

1.have/hasgoneto去了某地(还在某地没回来)

---Whereisyourfather?

你爸爸在哪里?

---HehasgonetoShanghai.他去上海了.

2.have/hasbeento曾去过(已回,已不在去过的处所)+次数(once/twice/数字+times)

MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai3times.我爸爸去过上海3次.

画线提问:

________________hasyourfatherbeentoShanghai?

3.have/hasbeenin待了多久(去了,现在仍在所待的处所)+for+时间段/

+since+时间点

MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths/sincetwomonthsago.我爸已经在上海待了两个月了.

画线提问:

_______________hasyourfatherbeeninShanghai?

▲注意:

注意遇到四个地址副词要去失落to/in,这四个地址副词是:

here,there,home,abroad

练习:

用havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin/wentto填空.

1._____youever_____Disneyland?

2.Howmanytimes_____you_____Disneyland?

3.I_____Nanjingsincetwoyearsago

4.Mr.Li_____HongKong.Andhe'llcomebackintwodays.

5.—Howlong_____you_____Disneyland?

—Forthreedays.I__________thethemeparklastSunday.

6.Myfather__________HongKongtwoweeksago.

7.Myfather__________HongKongin2005.

8.Myfather__________HongKongsince2005.

9.Myfather__________HongKongtwice.

10.Myfather__________HongKongandhehasn'tcomebackyet.

11.—Where'sLucy?

—Shehas__________toarestaurantforlunch.

12.Haveyou__________tothisparkbefore.

13.Ihave__________thereonlyoncethisyear.

14.Shehas__________totheshoptobuyanotebook.

15.You'relate,LaoWanghas__________toGuangzhou.

用法二:

暗示过去已经开始,并一直继续到现在的举措或状态.

标识表记标帜词:

⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨for+时间段⑩since+时间点

IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语.

a)for+一段时间

Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.我在这里5周了.

He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.他学习英语3年了.

b)since+(暗示过去某一时间的)时间点/单词/词组/从句(一般过去时)

Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.我自从2000年开始在这里.

Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.我自从5年前就在这里.

IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.我自从2000年结业就在这里.

注:

1)对for或since引导的时间状语提问必需用howlong,决不能用when.

Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.画线提问:

_______________haveyoulivedhere?

注2):

长久性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用,固然也不能用于howlong引导的问句中

Eg.(误)Ihavelefttherefor5years.

(正)Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years.

★为了表述这种意思,我们经常使用相应的延续性动词来取代长久性动词.

become→be,begin→have,borrow→keep,buy→have,

goout→beoutcome(go,arrive,get)→beindie→bedead,

finish→beover,join→bein…(beamemberof…)leave→beaway(from…),

open→beopenclose→beclosed

练习:

选用for和since填空:

1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.

2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.

3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.

4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.

5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.

6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.

三、与一般过去时的用法比力

1现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情,但现在完成时注意的不是事情自己,而是强调事情与现在坚持的某种密切联系(如现在的结果,影响,一直延续到现在等),不与暗示过去的时间连用;而一般过去时,则只讲述发生在过去的举措和事情与现在没有关系,常与暗示过去的时间连用.

eg:

HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典.

HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典.

第一句用现在完成时时态,想表达意为:

“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“过去他买了一本英汉字典,现在他还有这本字典”.

第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实,至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强

调说明.

2.常与一般过去时连用的典范的暗示过去时间的状语:

yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),

justnow(刚才),时间+ago,last+时间等;

eg:

Theplanetookofftenminutesago.

 Wefinishedourtasklastweek.

现在完成时练习题

一.单项选择

1.Ihavebeenlivinghere_____1999.

A.forB.afterC.inD.since

2._____haveyoubeenplayingtheguitar?

For5years.

A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howoften

3.______mayIkeepthesebooks?

Fortwoweeks.

A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowlongD.Howsoon

4.______haveyoubeenhere?

I’vebeenhereformonths.

A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowmuchD.Howmany

5.Theboy______TVallmorning.

A.haswatchedB.hadwatchedC.hasbeenwatchingD.watched

6.Howlong_____you_____stamps?

Sincetwoyearsago.

A.have,collectedB.did,collectC.have,beencollectingD.are,collecting

7.Theyarestillworkinginthefields.They______fortwohours.

A.wasworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.workedD.areworking

8.Helookstired.Oh,he____forthreehours.

A.havebeenskatingB.havebeenskatedC.hasbeenskatingD.hasbeenskated

9.He______itfortwohours,andheisstillwatchingnow.

A.hasbeenB.watchingC.hasbeenwatchingD.iswatching

10.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.

A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten

11.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.

A.willseeB.haveseenC.saw

12.Hisfather______thePartysince1978.

A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin

13.Howlonghaveyou____here?

—Abouttwomonths.

A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived

14.Hurryup!

Theplay_____fortenminutes.

A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began

15It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.

A.isB.hasC.willD.was

16.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.

A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen

17.____hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe____toChina?

A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived

18.Hisuncle____formorethan9years.

A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity

19.Sarahhasbeensleeping______2:

00pm.

A.forB.atC.inD.since

20.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,_____?

A.sotheyB.don‘ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey

二.句型转换:

1.Ihavebeenwatchingthefootballmatchforhalfanhour.(划线提问)

______________________youbeenwatchingthefootballmatch?

2.HehasbeenstudyingJapanesefortwoyears.(同义句转换)

HehasbeenstudyingJapanese______twoyears______.

3.Westartedthepartytwohoursago.(划线提问)

_____________you________theparty?

4.Theoldman_____lastyear.

He__________________forayear.(die)(动词填空)

5.Doyouswimeveryday?

(用fortwohours改写)

_______you________fortwohours.

6.MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)

MissGao_______________________________anhour.

7.HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.(同义句)

Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.

8.TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)

_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.、

三、动词填空

1._____you________(clean)theroom?

Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.

When_______you______(do)it?

We_______(do)itanhourago.

2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?

Yes.

When_____he_____(see)it?

He______itlastweek.

3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?

四、汉译英.

1、吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了.

2、他昨天收到一封信.

3、我父亲以前到过长城.

4、她还没有看过那部新片子.

5、她去过上海.

6、他这些天上哪儿去了?

7.这车你买多长时间了?

三年了.

8.你洗盘子了吗?

没有.我马上去做.

9.你离开家乡几年了?

十年了.

10.这本书我借了一周了.

时间:

二O二一年七月二十九日

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