英语三级翻译复习.docx

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英语三级翻译复习.docx

英语三级翻译复习

全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语三级笔译实务模拟试题

翻译技巧之一:

增译法

 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。

常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。

这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。

  1、增译法:

指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。

这种方式多半用在汉译英里。

汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"Therebe…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。

英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。

英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。

因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。

英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。

因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。

英语句子离不开介词和冠词。

另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。

总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。

如:

  

(1)Whataboutcallinghimrightaway?

  马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?

(增译主语和谓语)

  

(2)IfonlyIcouldseetherealizationofthefourmodernizations.

  要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!

(增译主句)

  (3)Indeed,thereverseistrue

  实际情况恰好相反。

(增译名词)

  (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。

  Eventhepeopleinthefascistcountrieswerestrippedoftheirhumanrights.(增译物主代词)

  (5)只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。

  Whilethemagistrateswerefreetoburndownhouse,thecommonpeoplewereforbiddentolightlamps.(增译连词)

  (6)这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。

  Thisisyetanothercommonpointbetweenthepeopleofourtwocountries.(增译介词)

  (7)在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。

  Inthefieldofhumanrights,Chinaopposesthepracticeofthebigoppressingthesmallandthestrongbullyingtheweak.(增译暗含词语)

  (8)三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。

  ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiangthemastermind.(增译注释性词语)

全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语三级笔译实务模拟试题

  Part1English-ChineseTranslation(英译汉)

  TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET(60points,100minutes).

  Ileavethevault,andastheguardclosesthedoor,amarinearchaeologistasksifIwanttoseeanythingelse.Asanexampleheshowsmeanastrolabe,anavigationtoolthatprecededthesextant.Fewhavesurvived."Wehavethreeoftheoldestknown,"hesays.HedirectsmetoapaperonastrolabeswrittenbyaCubancolleague,whoquoteda16th-centuryinstruction:

"Hewhowantstotakethesunwithanastrolabeatsea,mustbeseatednearthemainmast,theplacewheretheboatoscillatestheleastandisquiet."

  IwanttotakethemeasureofCuba'spast,soItellthearchaeologistIwouldliketogototheplacewheretheplainthingsare.Iamherenotonlytoseetreasuresthatglitterbutalsotoseeandtouchobjectsthatilluminemomentsofthepast.Smiling,hetakesmeintostorageroomswhereheandotherarchaeologistspreservecargoesfromfourcenturiesofwrecks.JumbledontheseshelvesisthestuffofCuba'slongreignascountinghouseandcommandcenterforSpain'sNewWorldcolonies.

  Iseeknickknacksdestinedforoneoftheannual18th-centurytradefairs,whereCubansboughtimportsfromSpain.Ialsosee,pallidfromcenturiesinthesea,dozensoflittlepaintedceramicdogs,lions,cats,anddeerlatershippedfromEngland.Stackednearbyaresetsofdinnerdishes,tankards,anhourglass,abottleofveryOldSpanishwine.

  Onanotherday,infadinglight,IwalktherampartsofElMorro,itslighthousestandingtalloverHavana'sharbor.Theoldfortress,bydayawarrenoftouriststops,changesbynight,loomingdeeperintotheshadowsofHavana'spast.Astorcheslightthedarkness,IwatchCubansoldiers,costumedas18th-centurySpanishsentries,marchalongtherampartsoftheCastillodeSanCarlosandfireacannonthatsalutestheendofday.InSpanishtimesthecannonsignaledtheclosingofthecitygatesandthedrawingofagreatchainacrosstheharbor.Nowthenightlyritualkeepsopenthesea-laneofmemorybetweencolonialpastandpresentnationhood.

  NearthewaterfrontofOldHavanastandsthePalaceoftheCaptainsGeneral.OncetheheadquartersoftheSpanishbureaucracythatgovernedCuba,thepalacenowistheMuseumofthecity.Lightandshadowplayalongitswallsofcorallimestone.Royalpalmsrustleinitslustcourtyard.UpastonestairwayagalleryleadstothespaciousofficeofEusebioLealSpengler,historianofthecityofHavanaandpreserverofitspast.Aslight,precisemaninawell-tailoreddarksuit,heistheobviousrulerofthepalace.

  WehadhardlyshakenhandsbeforehebeganrapidlytalkingaboutHavana,acityheseessimultaneouslyinpastandpresent.ThejewelsIhadviewedinthevaultwereabouttobecomepartofthetreasureheguardsforCuba.Hehasselectedanoldforttobetheirnewhome."This,"hesaidwithasweepofhishand,"isthecitythatchangedhistory.BecauseofadecisionbyPhilipⅡallshipshadtogatherheretocarrytreasurebacktoSpain.Andwhattreasure!

SilkandaromaticwoodfromChina,emeralds,silver."

  Part2Chinese-EnglishTranslation(汉译英)

  TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET(40points,80minutes).

  中国海洋事业的发展

  海洋覆盖了地球表面的71%,是全球生命支持系统的一个基本组成部分,也是资源的宝库,环境的重要调节器。

人类社会的发展必然会越来越多地依赖海洋。

  二十一世纪是人类开发利用海洋的新世纪。

维护《联合国海洋法公约》确定的国际海洋法律原则,维护海洋健康,保护海洋环境,确保海洋资源的可持续利用和海上安全,已成为人类共同遵守的准则和共同担负的使命。

中国是一个发展中的沿海大国。

中国高度重视海洋的开发和保护,把发展海洋事业作为国家发展战略,加强海洋综合管理,不断完善海洋法律制度,积极发展海洋科学技术和教育。

中国积极参与联合国系统的海洋事务,推进国家间和地区性海洋领域的合作,并认真履行自己承担的义务,为全球海洋开发和保护事业作出了积极贡献。

全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语三级笔译综合能力模拟试题

全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语三级笔译综合能力模拟试题

  Section1:

VocabularyandGrammar(25Points)

  Thissectionconsistsofthreeparts.Readthedirectionsforeachpartbeforeansweringthequestions.Thetimeforthissectionis25minutes.

  Part1VocabularySelection

  Inthispart,thereare20incompletesentences.Beloweachsentence,therearefourwordsorphrasesrespectivelymarkedbylettersA,B,C,D.Choosethewordorphrasewhichbestcompleteseachsentence.Thereisonlyonerightanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.

  1.InHongKong,doctorsreportedthat,forunclearreasons,12recoveredSARSpatientshad_____weeksaftertheyhadbeendischarged——spurringfearsthatpeoplemightbeinfectiousevenafterthey'dleftisolation.

  A.recoveredB.relapsedC.reexaminedD.re-diagnosed

  2.Currentdemographictrends,suchasthefallinthebirthrate,shouldfavor_____economicgrowthinthelongrun.

  A.slowB.quickenedC.speededD.accelerated

  3.Allstudentshavefree_____tothelibrary.

  A.passagewayB.entranceC.permissionD.access

  4.Columbushadaccomplishedoneofthemostamazingandcourageous_____inhistory.

  A.performanceB.featsC.eventsD.acts

  5.Accordingtotheweatherforecast,whichisusually_____,itwillsnowthisafternoon.

  A.exactB.preciseC.perfectD.accurate

  6.Thejanitor'slongservicewiththecompanywas_____apresent.

  A.confirmedbyB.recordedwith

  C.appreciatedbyD.acknowledgedwith

  7.Whattheynevertakeintoaccountisthefrazzledwomanwhoisleadinga_____life——tryingtobeagoodmotherwhilehavingtopretendatworkthatshedoesn'thavekidsatall.

  A.doubleB.hardC.two-wayD.miserable

  8.Untilthefinalvotesarecast,though,assurances_____fornothing.

  A.countB.meantC.giveD.account

  9.Somephilosophersinsistthatonewayto_____knowledgeisthroughanempiricalapproach.

  A.disseminateB.classifyC.testD.acquire

  10.Ifyouthinkherexperienceis_____,wewillemployher.

  A.sustainableB.adequateC.strongD.positive

  11.Thetroubleisthatnotmanystudentsreallyknowhowtomakeuseoftheirtimetoitsbest_____.

  A.benefitB.advantageC.valueD.profit

  12.Readers_____happyendingsmayfindtheunvarnishedviewofmodernmotherhoodabitunsettling.

  A.fondB.preferredC.adaptedtoD.accustomedto

  13.Theexplorertoldtheboysabouthis_____intheAfricanforests.

  A.storiesB.voyageC.adventuresD.trips

  14.Wewereworking_____timetogeteverythingreadyfortheexhibition.

  A.againstB.inC.onD.ahead

  15.Hedrovefastandarrivedanhour_____schedule.

  A.inadvanceB.beforeC.byD.aheadof

  16.Ifyouhearthefire_____,leavethebuildingquickly.

  A.warningB.alarmC.signalD.bell

  17.Thetroopshavebeenonthe_____forapossibleenemyattack.

  A.alarmB.alertC.warningD.notice

  18.Althoughhispeopledidnot_____hisefforts,hekepttrying.

  A.agreewithB.applytoC.approveofD.consentwith

  19.Picasso's_____abilitywasapparentinhisearlyyouthwhenhestarteddrawingsketches.

  A.writingB.artisticC.reasoningD.literary

  20.Wehopethatthemeasurestocontrolprices,_____takenbythegovernment,willsucceed.

  A.whenB.sinceC.afterD.as

part2VocabularyReplacement

  Thispartconsistsof15sentencesinwhichonewordorphraseisunderlined.Beloweachsentence,therearefourchoicesrespectivelymarkedbylettersA,B,C,D.YouaretoselecttheONEchoicethatcanreplacetheunderlinedwordwithoutcausinganygrammaticalerrororchangingtheprincipalmeaningofthesentence.Thereisonlyonerightanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.

  21.Shebustledaboutwithanassumptionofauthority.

  A.airB.suppositionC.appearanceD.face

  22.Tabletennisiseasytolearn,and,bythesametoken,boysdon'tneedalotofspacetopracticeit.

  A.bythesameruleB.symbolically

  C.moreoverD.bylogic

  23.Theoldmansatbeforethefireinatrance,thinkingofhispastlife.

  A.inaspecialpositionB.inacozystate

  C.inasleepystateD.inameditativestate

  24.Onlytheéliteofsocietyattendedthereceptionforthenewgovernor.

  A.thosethoughtofasthebestpeople

  B.theintellectuals

  C.thewhite-collarpeople

  D.theofficial

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