英语演讲稿我们以为自己知道的范文演讲稿doc.docx

英语演讲稿我们以为自己知道的范文演讲稿doc.docx

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英语演讲稿我们以为自己知道的范文演讲稿doc

Ted英语演讲稿：

Onwhatwethinkweknow？

我们以为自己知道的范文_演讲稿

　　I'mgoingtotryandexplainwhyitisthatperhapswedon'tunderstandasmuchaswethinkwedo.I'dliketobeginwithfourquestions.Thisisnotsomesortofculturalthingforthetimeofyear.That'sanin-joke,bytheway.

　　我会试着解释为何我们知道的东西很可能并没有我们自以为知道的多我想从四个问题开始,不是那种今年流行的文化问题对了，刚刚那句是个圈内笑话

　　Butthesefourquestions,actually,areonesthatpeoplewhoevenknowquitealotaboutsciencefindquitehard.Andthey'requestionsthatI'veaskedofsciencetelevisionproducers,ofaudiencesofscienceeducators--sothat'sscienceteachers--andalsoofseven-year-olds,andIfindthattheseven-year-oldsdomarginallybetterthantheotheraudiences,whichissomewhatsurprising.

　　不过这四个问题，事实上即使是很懂科学的人也会觉得很难应答我拿这些问题去问科学节目制片人问那些有科学教育背景的观众也问教科学的老师还有七岁孩童我发现七岁孩童答得比其他人好这是有些令人惊讶

　　Sothefirstquestion,andyoumightwanttowritethisdown,eitheronabitofpaper,physically,oravirtualpieceofpaperinyourhead.And,forviewersathome,youcantrythisaswell.

　　第一个问题，我建议你把问题记下来抄在纸上，或想像中的纸上坐在电脑前的你也可以试著作答.

　　Alittleseedweighsnexttonothingandatreeweighsalot,right?

Ithinkweagreeonthat.Wheredoesthetreegetthestuffthatmakesupthischair,right?

Wheredoesallthisstuffcomefrom?

　　种籽很轻，而大树很重，是吗?

我想我们都同意吧，大树用来制成椅子的东西是从哪来的?

对吧?

这些东西都是怎么来的?

　　（Knocks）

　　（敲椅声）

　　Andyournextquestionis,canyoulightalittletorch-bulbwithabattery,abulbandonepieceofwire?

Andwouldyoubeableto,kindof,drawa--youdon'thavetodrawthediagram,butwouldyoubeabletodrawthediagram,ifyouhadtodoit?

Orwouldyoujustsay,that'sactuallynotpossible?

　　问题二，你能否点亮一个小灯泡只用1个电池、1个灯泡、和1条电线?

那你能画出上述问题的图解吗?

不用真的画但如果需要的话，你能画出来吗?

还是你会说这个不可能?

　　Thethirdquestionis,whyisithotterinsummerthaninwinter?

Ithinkwecanprobablyagreethatitishotterinsummerthaninwinter,butwhy?

Andfinally,wouldyoubeableto--andyoucansortofscribbleit,ifyoulike--scribbleaplandiagramofthesolarsystem,showingtheshapeoftheplanets'orbits?

Wouldyoubeabletodothat?

Andifyoucan,justscribbleapattern.

　　第三个问题，为什么夏天比冬天热?

大家应该都同意夏天比冬天还热但为何如此?

最后，你能不能简单的勾勒出太阳系的平面图...呈现出行星轨道运行的形状你可以画得出来吗?

你画得出来的话，就把形状画出来

　　OK.Now,childrengettheirideasnotfromteachers,asteachersoftenthink,butactuallyfromcommonsense,fromexperienceoftheworldaroundthem,fromallthethingsthatgoonbetweenthemandtheirpeers,andtheircarers,andtheirparents,andallofthat.Experience.Andoneofthegreatexpertsinthisfield,ofcourse,was,blesshim,CardinalWolsey.Beverycarefulwhatyougetintopeople'sheadsbecauseit'svirtuallyimpossibletoshiftitafterwards,right?

　　好，孩童对事物的概念不是老师教的老师时常这么以为，但实际上概念来自于常理来自于孩童对周遭世界的体验来自于他们跟同伴彼此交流还有跟保姆、父母亲、所有人交流的经验这个领域中的一个专家，对了，愿他安息就是渥西主教，他说要你将东西放进其他人的闹袋里的时候要小心因为那些东西几乎不会再改变，对吧?

　　（Laughter）

　　（笑声）

　　I'mnotquitesurehowhedied,actually.Washebeheadedintheend,orhung?

　　我不太清楚他的死因，真的他最后上了断头台?

还是被吊死?

　　（Laughter）

　　（笑声）

　　Now,thosequestions,which,ofcourse,you'vegotright,andyouhaven'tbeenconferring,andsoon.AndI--youknow,normally,Iwouldpickpeopleoutandhumiliate,butmaybenotinthisinstance.

　　现在回到那四个问题，大家都知道是什么问题了你们彼此之间也没有讨论答案我平时习惯点人站起来回答让他丢脸不过这次就不点了

　　Alittleseedweighsalotand,basically,allthisstuff,99percentofthisstuff,cameoutoftheair.Now,Iguaranteethatabout85percentofyou,ormaybeit'sfeweratTED,willhavesaiditcomesoutoftheground.Andsomepeople,probablytwoofyou,willcomeupandarguewithmeafterwards,andsaythatactually,itcomesoutoftheground.Now,ifthatwastrue,we'dhavetrucksgoingroundthecountry,fillingpeople'sgardensinwithsoil,it'dbeafantasticbusiness.But,actually,wedon'tdothat.Themassofthiscomesoutoftheair.Now,IpassedallmybiologyexamsinBritain.Ipassedthemreallywell,butIstillcameoutofschoolthinkingthatthatstuffcameoutoftheground.

　　种籽可以很重，基本上所有的这些99%都来自于空气我相信有85%的人，或许在你们TED会比较少会说木材来自于大地，而有些人也许你们中的一两位，可能结束后会来找我争论说木材其实是来自于大地若是如此，那我们就会有让卡车跑来跑去把人们的花园都填上土，那会是很棒的生意。

不过实际上我们不会那么做因为木材的材料大部分其实是从空气中来的我在英国念书时考生物每考必过我的成绩很好，但毕业后还是以为木材来自于大地

　　Secondone:

canyoulightalittletorch-bulbwithabatterybulbandonepieceofwire?

Yes,youcan,andI'llshowyouinasecondhowtodothat.Now,Ihavesomeratherbadnews,whichisthatIhadapieceofvideothatIwasabouttoshowyou,whichunfortunately--thesounddoesn'tworkinthisroom,soI'mgoingtodescribetoyou,intrue"MontyPython"fashion,whathappensinthevideo.Andinthevideo,agroupofresearchersgotoMITongraduationday.WechoseMITbecause,obviously,that'saverylongwayawayfromhere,andyouwouldn'tmindtoomuch,butitsortofworksthesamewayinBritainandintheWestCoastoftheUSA.Andweaskedthemthesequestions,andweaskedthosequestionsofsciencegraduates,andtheycouldn'tanswerthem.Andso,there'sawholelotofpeoplesaying,"I'dbeverysurprisedifyoutoldmethatthiscameoutoftheair.That'sverysurprisingtome."Andthosearesciencegraduates.Andweintercutitwith,"Wearethepremierscienceuniversityintheworld,"becauseofBritish-likehubris.

　　你能用一枚电池和一根电线点亮灯泡吗?

是，你可以，我会示范怎么做。

不过，现在有个坏消息本来有个影片要给大家看可惜在这边声音放不出来所以我就口头描述一下的，用巨蟒剧团的表演方式，影片内容是这样的，在影片里有一群研究员在毕业典礼那天去麻省理工学院为什么是麻省理工呢?

因为它离这里很远大家也就不会太介意不过场景设在英国结果也差不多或是设在美国西岸我们问了麻省理工的毕业生这四个问题这些理工科毕业生也答不出来而且还有很多学生表示“我很惊讶你说木材是从空气中来的”这真的让我很吃惊“，那些理工的毕业生这么说我们用”我们是全球第一的理工大学“来作影片的结尾。

因为英国人很傲慢

　　（Laughter）

　　（笑声）

　　Andwhenwegavegraduateengineersthatquestion,theysaiditcouldn'tbedone.Andwhenwegavethemabattery,andapieceofwire,andabulb,andsaid,"Canyoudoit?

"Theycouldn'tdoit.Right?

Andthat'snodifferentfromImperialCollegeinLondon,bytheway,it'snotsomesortofanti-Americanthinggoingon.

　　我们拿第二个问题去问硕士毕业的工程师们他们说这不可能做得到我们拿了电池、电线、和灯泡问他们”你能做到吗?

“，他们没办法，是吧?

顺道一提，伦敦的帝国学院的情况估计也差不多如此我们不是在做什么反美的事

　　Asif.Now,thereasonthismattersiswepaylotsandlotsofmoneyforteachingpeople--wemightaswellgetitright.Andtherearealsosomesocietalreasonswhywemightwantpeopletounderstandwhatitisthat'shappeninginphotosynthesis.Forexample,onehalfofthecarbonequationishowmuchweemit,andtheotherhalfofthecarbonequation,asI'mveryconsciousasatrusteeofKew,ishowmuchthingssoakup,andtheysoakupcarbondioxideoutoftheatmosphere.

　　虽然听来颇像。

问题的关键是我们花了很多钱来教育大众，我们应该正确地来做这件事。

其中也有一些社会因素让我们想使大众了解光合作用如何运作例如，有一半的碳储量是人类排放的而另一半碳储量我相当关切，身为皇家植物园的受托管理人

　　That'swhatplantsactuallydoforaliving.And,foranyFinnishpeopleintheaudience,thisisaFinnishpun:

weare,bothliterallyandmetaphorically,skatingonthiniceifwedon'tunderstandthatkindofthing.Now,here'showyoudothebatteryandthebulb.It'ssoeasy,isn'tit?

Ofcourse,youallknewthat.Butifyouhaven'tplayedwithabatteryandabulb,ifyou'veonlyseenacircuitdiagram,youmightnotbeabletodothat,andthat'soneoftheproblems.

　　是植物吸收多少二氧化碳植物就是以此维生的如果在场有芬兰人，这是芬兰话的双关语我们无论在实际上或隐喻上，都是如履薄冰要是我们不明白那些事电池和灯泡只要这要做就行很简单，不是吗?

你们都懂了但要是你没有亲手碰过电池和灯泡如果你只看过电路图你可能就做不出来，这是个麻烦

　　So,whyisithotterinsummerthaninwinter?

Welearn,aschildren,thatyougetclosertosomethingthat'shot,anditburnsyou.It'saverypowerfulbitoflearning,andithappensprettyearlyon.Byextension,wethinktoourselves,"Whyit'shotterinsummerthaninwintermustbebecausewe'reclosertotheSun."Ipromiseyouthatmostofyouwillhavegotthat.Oh,you'reallshakingyourheads,butonlyafewofyouareshakingyourheadsveryfirmly.

　　那么，为何夏天比冬天热?

我们从小就知道，离热的东西太近你就被烫到，这真很有效的教育方法很小的时候大家就学到了延伸这个论点，我们觉得夏天比冬天热一定是因为我们离太阳比较近我相信大多人都懂了哦，大家都在摇头不过只有几个人摇得很坚定

　　Otheronesarekindofgoinglikethis.Allright.It'shotterinsummerthaninwinterbecausetheraysfromtheSunarespreadoutmore,right,becauseofthetiltoftheEarth.Andifyouthinkthetiltistiltinguscloser,no,itisn't.TheSunis93millionmilesaway,andwe'retiltinglikethis,right?

Itmakesnoodds.Infact,intheNorthernHemisphere,we'refurtherfromtheSuninsummer,asithappens,butitmakesnoodds,thedifference.

　　其他人只是这样子摇而已，好吧夏天比冬天热是因为太阳的辐射线传播得比较多，地球倾斜的关系如果你以为是朝太阳的方向倾斜，那就错了太阳离地球1亿5千万公里，地球倾斜角度大略如此倾斜不是差别所在，在北半球夏天时我们离太阳更远跟倾斜没有关系

　　OK,now,thescribbleofthediagramofthesolarsystem.Ifyoubelieve,asmostofyouprobablydo,thatit'shotterinsummerthaninwinterbecausewe'reclosertotheSun,youmusthavedrawnanellipse.Right?

Thatwouldexplainit,right?

Except,inyour--you'renodding--now,inyourellipse,haveyouthought,"Well,whathappensduringthenight?

"

　　好，问题四是画出太阳系的平面图如果大家相信，大多数可能都相信夏天比冬天热是因为地球离太阳较近大家应该都画了椭圆形对吧?

这就能解释了吧?

除非，你点头了，你画了个椭圆形你有想过，「夜晚又是怎么回事」?

　　BetweenAustraliaandhere,right,they'vegotsummerandwe'vegotwinter,andwhat--doestheEarthkindofrushtowardstheSunatnight,andthenrushbackagain?

Imean,it'saverystrangethinggoingon,andweholdthesetwomodelsinourhead,ofwhat'srightandwhatisn'tright,andwedothat,ashumanbeings,inallsortsoffields.

　　澳洲和美国这边，澳洲是夏天这边是冬天，难道说地球在晚上会冲向太阳然后再冲回来?

这实在很奇怪我们脑中有两种思考模式，对的和错的身为人类，我们在很多领域都这样思考

　　So,here'sCopernicus'viewofwhatthesolarsystemlookedlikeasaplan.That'sprettymuchwhatyoushouldhaveonyourpieceofpaper.Right?

AndthisisNASA'sview.They'restunninglysimilar.Ihopeyounoticethecoincidencehere.

　　左边是哥白尼画的太阳系平面图跟你们纸上画的差不多，对吧右边是NASA的版本，两张图非常相似我希望大家注意其中的巧合要是你知道人们有错误观念

　　Whatwouldyoudoifyouknewthatpeoplehadthismisconception,right,intheirheads,ofellipticalorbitscausedbyourexperiencesaschildren?

Whatsortofdiagramwouldyoushowthemofthesolarsystem,toshowthat