浅析语境在翻译中的重要地位本科学位论文.docx

浅析语境在翻译中的重要地位本科学位论文.docx

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浅析语境在翻译中的重要地位本科学位论文

郑州航空工业管理学院

毕业论文（设计）

2011届英语专业0707062班级

题目浅析语境在翻译中的重要地位

姓名xxxxx学号xxxxxxxx

指导教师xxxxxxxx职称副教授

二О一一年六月一日

AnalysisoftheImportantRoleContextPlaysin

Translation

By

xxxxxxxxx

Supervisor

xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

DepartmentofForeignLanguages

ZhengzhouInstituteofAeronauticalIndustryManagement

June2011

内容摘要

翻译作为一种重要的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动，既是双语的传译，又是两种文化的传译。

语境是语言学中一个非常重要的问题，也是翻译过程中不可忽略的一个重要方面，可以说，语境制约翻译，翻译依赖语境。

为了实现源语言和目标语之间的语义转换，译者要根据特定的语境来进行协调和权衡，决定自己的翻译策略，使得翻译出来的译文不但要语言忠实于原文，还要充分体现原文的“韵味”，满足“信、达、雅”这一标准,完成成功的翻译。

因此，本文将语境在翻译中的重要地位作为中心问题加以表述。

引言部分介绍本文写作的缘由和意义；第一部分对语境理论进行了系统、详细的回顾和综述。

包括对语境研究的发展，语境的定义和分类；第二部分从三个方面讨论了语境对翻译的影响；第三部分探讨了如何正确处理语境与翻译的方法，要求我们在处理语境时，需要异化时即采取异化翻译，需要归化时即采取归化翻译；结论重申了语境因素在翻译实践过程中的核心作用，强调译者应在翻译实践中努力培养和增强语境意识，不断提高语境分析能力。

关键词

语境;制约作用;翻译策略

Abstract

Asanimportantcross-lingualandcross-culturalcommunicativeactivity,translationistheinterpretationofbothtwokindsoflanguagesandculture.Inlinguistics,contextisavitalquestion.Itisalsoregardedasanindispensableaspectduringtheprocessoftranslation.Wecansaythat,translationisrestrictedbycontext，inaddition,translationreliesoncontext.Inordertoachievethesemantictransitionbetweensourcelanguageandtargetlanguage,translatorsshoulddeterminethestrategyaccordingtoitscontext.Consequently,notonlymoreemphasishasbeenputonlinguisticfidelity,butalsothe‘flavor’containedinthesourcetextexisted.Basedonthiscanwefollowtheprinciple－“faithfulness,expressiveness,elegance”andcompleteasuccessfultranslation.

Therefore,thethesisillustratestheimportantrolecontextplaysintranslation.Theintroductionofthethesissketchedoutthecauseandsignificanceofthisthesis；partonedealswiththeprinciplesofthetheoryofcontext,includingreviewofthestudiesofcontext,itsdefinitionandfunctions;parttwomainlydiscussestherestrictingfunctionofcontextontranslationfromthreeaspects;partthreesumsupthetechniquesofhandlingtherelationshipbetweentranslationandcontext.Thetechniquesincludeforeignizingwheneverforeinizationisneededbythecontextanddomesticatingwheneverdomesticationisneeded;theconclusionreaffirmsthesignificanceofcontexttotranslationstudiesandpractice.Itemphasizesthatthetranslatorshouldcultivateandstrengthenconsciousnessofcontextintranslatingandimprovetheabilityofcontextanalysiscontinuously.

KeyWords

context；restrictingfunction；strategiesoftranslation

Acknowledgements

Iwouldliketoexpressmydeepsenseofgratitudetoalltheguidanceandassistanceswhichareindispensabletohelpmetofinishthethesis.

Firstofall,IwouldliketoexpressmysincerethankstomysupervisorZhangYunxia,forherpatientlyandgenerouslymakingherknowledgeavailabletomeaswellasgivingmeconstantvaluablesuggestionsinthecourseofmywritingthethesis.Withoutherdiligentworkandpatientguidance,thethesiswouldnothavebeencompleted.

AndIshouldalsoshowmysinceregratitudetotheotherteachersintheDepartmentofForeignLanguages.Theirprofoundknowledgeandinstructivelectureshavewidenedmyscopeofknowledgeandlaidsolidbasisformyfuturestudy.

Besides,Iwillalwaysthankmyparentswhooffermevariouscare,helpandunderstandinginmylife.Theirloveandsupportmakeitpossibleformetoovercomeallthedifficultiesandcompletethethesis.

Finally,myspecialthanksshouldgotomydearfriendsandclassmatesfortheirsincerehelpandencouragement.Inoneword,mygratitudegoestoallthosewhocontributetothecompletionofthisthesis.

目录

Abstract（inChinese）...............................................................................ⅰ

Abstract（inEnglish）...............................................................................ⅱ

Acknowledgements..................................................................................ⅳ

Introduction...............................................................................................1

1.ABriefIntroductionofContext............................................................2

1.1TheDefinitionsofContextinPreviousStudies.................................2

1.2TheClassificationofContext.............................................................4

1.2.1LinguisticContext..........................................................................5

1.2.2Non-LinguisticContext..................................................................6

2.TheInfluenceofContextonTranslation...............................................6

2.1RestrictionofContextonWordMeaning..........................................7

2.2RestrictionofContextonSentenceMeaning.....................................9

2.3RestrictionofContextonTextMeaning...........................................10

2.3.1AdvertisingTranslation..................................................................11

2.3.2NewsTranslation............................................................................12

3.StrategiesofTranslationinContext.....................................................14

3.1Foreignization...................................................................................14

3.2Domestication....................................................................................15

Conclusion................................................................................................16

WorksCited..............................................................................................18

AnalysisoftheImportantRoleContext

PlaysinTranslation

Introduction

Translation，asabehaviorofcross—languageandcross—culturecommunication,itisnotonlytranslatingthesurfacemeaning，referentialmeaning，butalsomoreimportantly,thedeepmeaning,orpragmatic,associativeandstylisticmeanings，whichcanonlybeproperlyinterpretedonthebasisofthespecificlanguageenvironmentinwhichthemainpurposeistotransmitthemeaningbetweentwodifferentlanguages.Togreatextent,translationreliesonthecontext．JustasN．Marxonceputit，“contextisalwaysthemostimportantfactorinallkindsoftranslation.Infact,manytranslatorsstilldon’tpaymuchattentiontothestudyofcontext.”

Theterm‘context'wasfirstputforwardbythedistinguishedPolish-bornanthropologistMalinowskiin1923.Followinguponhisnotionof“contextofsituation”，manyotherlinguists，philosophersandevenpsychologistsbothathomeandaboarddevelopanintenseinterestincontextwithitsscopes，functions,andclassificationsvaryingsignificantlyfromonetoanother．Meanwhile，thetranslatorrealizesthatinaword-for-wordtranslationofthetextorutterance，themeaningmaystillremainuntranslated．“Thatisbecausetextbecomescomprehensibleonlyinthecontextofthewholewayoflifeofwhichtheyformpart．"（Samspon，1980）.Therefore，itisevidentthatanadequateandeffectivetranslationworkdoesnotresultfromanarrowlyformalapproachthatmatchestheverbalelementsofsourcelanguageandtargetlanguagealone,butfromawiderconsiderationandkeepsensitivitytoitsoverallcontextualelements．

Inthisthesis，thetheoryofcontextisintroducedintothetranslationstudy.Thewritertriestosystematicallydiscusstheimportanceofcontext.Intheprocessoftranslation，oneofthemostessentialissueswhichatranslatorhasalwaysbeenconfrontedishowtoacquirethemaximumandoptimalunderstandingtowardstheoriginaltext．Thisrequiresthetranslatorpaygreatattentiontothecontextwhichexistsintheoriginaltext.

1.ABriefIntroductionofContext

Context，asalinguisticconception，isstillacontroversialissue．ItoriginallycamefromtheLatinword‘‘contextus’’，meaning‘‘ajoiningtogether'’．Lateritwasextendedtomean‘‘thewholestructureofaconnectedpassageregardedinitsbearinguponanyofthepartswhichconstituteit：

thepartswhichimmediatelyprecedeorfollowanyparticularpassageortextanddetermineitsmeaning．”（TheConciseOxfordDictionary）.Contextnowhasgainedmoreandmoreattentionineverysubjectoflinguistics，butpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutthem.

1.1TheDefinitionsofContextinPreviousStudies

ItwasBronislawMalinowskiwhoputforwardthebasicnotionofcontextin1923．Workingwithpeoplewhobelongedtoremoteculture---MelanesianpeoplesintheTrobriandIslandsoftheWesternPacific，MalinowskimadepainstakingendeavorstotranslatethelocaldialectsmeaningfullyforEnglish—speakingreaders．Forexample，amancalledhisoaras“wood”，thatwasthesubstanceofwhichthetrunksandbranchesoftrees．SoMalinowskifoundthat“Meaningdoesnotcomefromcontemplationofthings，oranalysisofoccurrences，butinpracticalandactiveacquaintancewithrelevantsituations．Therealknowledgeofawordcomesthroughthepracticeofappropriatelyusingitwithincertainsituation．"（Malinowski，1923）.

Atthesametime，healsoclassifiedtwokindsoflinguisticappliedsituations．Onewascalled“magic”situation，whichmeantawordorasentencecoulddirectlymaketheouterworldchange；theotheronewasaderivingusageoftheformer,therewasnorelationbetweenlanguageanditsenvironment．Malinowskiofferedtwotypesofnarrativespeechenvironments：

（1）theenvironmentforthenarration，suchasthepeople’ssocialattitude,culturallevelandfeelings．

（2）theenvironmentwhichthenarrationwasinvolvedin，suchasthesituationinamyth．InthebookTheScientificTheoryofCulture（1944），hethoughtthatthemeaningofawordwasthereforeneitherathingnoranabstractentity,butemergedfromtheuseofwordsincontext，inshort，inthe“contextof