最新总结五年高考英语阅读理解D 篇全汇总解析版.docx

最新总结五年高考英语阅读理解D 篇全汇总解析版.docx

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最新总结五年高考英语阅读理解D篇全汇总解析版

2015-2019高考阅读理解D篇

1.（2019·全国卷Ⅱ·D）话题:

检验学业的前沿阵地　词数:

283难度:

★★★★

Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms（微生物）fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?

It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.

HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution（解决方案）.“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.

“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?

’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”

GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact（影响）oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?

GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.

【文章大意】困扰着美国航天员的细菌问题会如何解决?

这一问题求助于一群学生。

Gordon领导的学生们一直忙于解决零重力下细菌的问题,他们没有别的作业,一直忙于他们的目标,帮助航天员解决细菌的问题。

他们每天都通过HUNCH项目和航天员联系,准备在太空检测可行的解决方法。

32.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?

A.Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.

C.Theyappearindifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.

【解析】选A。

推理判断题。

根据第一段的第二句...growuncontrollably...,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.可推知细菌在太空很难除去。

33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?

A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.

C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.

【解析】选D。

推理判断题。

根据第二段特别是第一句话可推知中学的课堂和美国国家航空和航天局的工程师通过HUNCH项目联合,再结合第四段的第一句话可知其目的是实现学校教育和太空科技的接轨,让学生更好地去进行研究。

故选D项。

34.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?

A.Checktheirproduct.B.Guideprojectdesigns.C.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.

【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据第三段中的I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.和最后一段的最后一句GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.可知学生会把研究结果让工程师在太空检测,以验证他们的方法是否可行。

故选A项。

35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.NASA:

TheHomeofAstronautsB.Space:

TheFinalHomeworkFrontier

C.Nature:

AnOutdoorClassroomD.HUNCH:

ACollegeAdmissionReform

【解析】选B。

主旨大意题。

HUNCH项目将中学研究项目和美国国家航空和航天局的问题联系在一起,学生研究解决方法并在太空得以验证。

故可称之为太空是检验学生研究项目的前沿阵地。

故选B项。

【难句剖析】

ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.

分析:

ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms是主句,like是介词,后面接宾语theone,在theone后是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句,关系代词that作lead的宾语,可省略。

翻译:

这个问题取决于美国国家航空和航天局HUNCH中学的课堂,就像位于纽约费尔波特的费尔波特中学的科学老师GeneGordon和DonnaHimmelberg领导的项目一样。

2.（2019·全国卷Ⅲ·D）话题:

科普知识　词数:

329　难度:

★★★★

Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.

AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.

Here’showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:

Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.

Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.

Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate（低估）asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:

Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction（小部分）ofthesmallernumbertoit.

“Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,”Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey’redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”

【文章大意】本文为说明文。

文章介绍了哈佛医学院MargaretLivingstone所主持的对经过训练的猴子进行的实验。

实验表明猴子具有一点儿数字计算能力,而不是单纯靠记忆力来做出选择。

32.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?

A.Theyfedthem.　　B.Theynamedthem.C.Theytrainedthem.D.Theymeasuredthem.

【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletters...可知,一组研究人员训练了三只恒河猴将26个明显不同的符号联系起来,这些符号由数字和选择性字母组成。

故选C。

33.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?

A.Bydrawingacircle.B.Bytouchingascreen.C.Bywatchingvideos.D.Bymixingtwodrinks.

【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据第三段句子Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.可知,科学家在猴子的笼子里放进触摸屏。

猴子通过触摸屏幕的不同部位得到不同的奖赏。

故选B。

34.WhatdidLivingstone’steamfindaboutthemonkeys?

A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.

C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.

【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据第四段句子Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation.可知,在进行了数百次测试之后,研究人员注意到,猴子们超过一半的次数会选择更高的值,这表明它们正在进行一次计算。

故选A。

35.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?

A.Entertainment.B.Health.C.Education.D.Science.

【解析】选D。

推理判断题。

文章介绍了科学家的实验,所以此报道应该属于报纸的科学栏目,所以选D。

【难句剖析】

Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation.

剖析:

此句中Afterrunninghundredsoftests是时间状语,主句中谓语noted后面接that引导的宾语从句。

indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation是现在分词短语作结果状语。

morethan超过,多于。

翻译:

在进行了数百次测试之后,研究人员注意到,猴子们选择更高值的次数超过一半,这表明它们正在进行。

3人物传记类（2019·江苏高考·D）话题:

人物传记　　词数:

652　　难度:

★★★★☆

The65-year-oldSteveGoodwinwasfoundsufferingfromearlyAlzheimer’s（阿尔兹海默症）.Hewaslosinghismemory.

Asoftwareengineerbyprofession,Stevewasakeenloverofthepiano,andtheonlymusicianinhisfamily.Musicwashistruepassion,thoughhehadneverperformedoutsidethefamily.

Melissa,hisdaughter,feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic,towhichshefellasleepeachnightwhenshewasyoung.Shethoughtabouthiringaprofessionalpianisttoworkwithherfather.

Naomi,Melissa’sbestfriendandatalentedpianist,gottoknowaboutthisandshowedwillingnesstohelp.

“Whydothis?

”Stevewondered.

“Becauseshecares.”Melissasaid.

Stevenodded,tearsineye.

NaomidrovetotheGoodwinhome.ShetoldSteveshe’dlovetohearhimplay.Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench,handstremblingashegentlyplacedhisfingersonthekeys.

Naomiputasmallrecordernearthepiano.Startsandstopsandmistakes.Longpauses,heartsinking.ButStevepressedon,playingforthefirsttimeinhislifeforastranger.

“Itwasbeautiful.”Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.“Themusicwasworthsaving.”

Herresponsibility,herprivilege,wouldbetorescueit.ThemusicwassillinSteveGoodwin.Itwashiddeninroomswithdoorsabouttobelocked.

NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandspenthourstogether.He’dmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano,andthenshe’dtakehisplace.Hestruggledtoexplainwhatheheardinhishead.Hestoodbythepiano,eyesclosed,listeningforthefirsttimetohisownworkbeingplayedbysomeoneelse.

SteveandNaomispokeinmusicalcode:

lines,beats,intervals,movingfromtheroottoendasonginanewkey.Steveheardit.Allofit.Hejustcouldn’tplayit.

WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong.Oneday,Naomireceivedanemail.Attachedwasarecording,arecordingoflossandlove,ofthefight.Stevecalledit“MelancholyFlower”.

Naomiheardmultiplestopsandstarts,Stevestruggling,searchingwhilehiswifeJonicalledhim“honey”andencouragedhim.Thetaskwassohard,andSteve,angryandupset,saidhewasquitting.Jonipraisedhim,tellingherhusbandthiscouldbehissignaturepiece.

Naomimanagedtofigureout16ofSteve’sfavorite,andmostpersonal,songs.WithNaomi’shelp,theGoodwinfamilyfoundasoundengineertorecordNaomiplayingSteve’ssongs.Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasn’t.

Inthemonthsleadinguptothe2016OregonRepertorySingersChristmasconcert,Naomitoldthedirectorshehadaspecialoneinmind:

“MelancholyFlower.”

ShetoldthedirectoraboutherprojectwithSteve.Thedirectoragreedtoaddittotheplayinglist.ButNaomiwouldhavetoaskSteve’sperm