精品美国nextgenerationsciencestandards科学教学大纲grad.docx

精品美国nextgenerationsciencestandards科学教学大纲grad.docx

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精品美国nextgenerationsciencestandards科学教学大纲grad

美国Next-Generation-Science-Standards-科学教学大纲-Grades-k-2年级

1.Life

●Animals

TheunitAnimalshelpsstudentsdiscoverwhatmakesanimalssimilarandwhatmakesthemdifferent.Understandingthediversityamonganimalshelpsstudentsappreciateandenjoytheuniquenessofallcreatures.Topicsincludehabitat,diet,bodyparts,movement,specialabilities,andmore.

Studentsneedtothinkabouthowtheytreatanimalsandhowaretheyfitintotheanimalkingdom.

●Living/Non-Living

Thisunithelpsstudentsexploretheimportantdifferencesbetweenthetwo.Italsoaddressestopicssuchas:

Non-livingcomponentsoflivingthings,nurselogs,seastars,babiesandparents,andcells.

●Plants

Thisunithelpsstudentsexplorewhatplantsrequireforsurvival,howplantsgrow,plantpartsandtheirfunctions,howpeopleandotheranimalsuseplants,specialtypesofplants,wheredifferentkindsofplantscanbefound,andotherplant-relatedtopics.

StudentsmaygainanappreciationfortheamazingdiversityofplantlifeonEarthandtheextensiverolesthatplantsplayintheirlives.

●Senses

Thisunithelpsstudentsexplorehowandwhyhumansusetheirfivesenses.Itaddressesthebodypartsusedforeachsense,aswellashowthesesensescommunicatewiththebraintomakemeaningoftheincominginformation.Theunitalsoaddresseshoweachsensekeepsussafe.

Itisimportantforstudentstoappreciateandprotecttheirsensessotheycanlearnfromtheworldaroundthemandhavealifetimefullofrichexperiences.

2.Earth&Space

●Earth,Moon,andSun

ThisunithelpsstudentsunderstandthatEarthrotatesonitsaxis,EarthrevolvesaroundtheSun,andtheMoonrevolvesaroundEarth. Humanshaveanever-growingunderstandingofhowtheEarth,Moon,andSunmoveandinteract.Thisunderstandinghelpsstudentsmakesenseofwhattheyseeinthesky,bothbydayandbynight.

Anunderstandingofournearbyspaceneighborhoodcanalsoinspirefutureexplorationdeeperintospace,whichmaysomedayevenincludethediscoveryoflifeondistantplanets.

●Weather

Thisunithelpsstudentsexploreweather'smanydifferentaspects,includingtemperature,wind,clouds,precipitation,andstorms.Certainunitmaterialsaddresswhatcausestheweathertooccur.Theunitalsodrawsconnectionsbetweentheseasonsandtheirweatherpatterns.

Thisunitprovidesopportunitiesforstudentstolearnmoreaboutnaturalweatherphenomenatheyobserveintheireverydaylives.Understandingtheweathercanalsoprepareustotakeprecautionsthatwillkeepussafeintheeventofsevereweather.

●Earth’ssurface

 ThisunithelpsstudentsexplorethelandandwaterthatmakeupEarth'ssurface.Earth'ssurfaceisshapedintovariouslandformsbygravity,wind,water,andthemovementsofEarth'scrust.Earth'ssurfaceprovideseverythingneededforlifetothrive,includingshelter,food,andwater.

UnderstandingEarth’ssurfacewillhelpstudentsappreciatetheuniquenessofourplanetandmayencouragethemtotakeactiontoprotectit.

3.Physical

●Doingwork

 Thisunithelpsstudentsexploretheconceptsofworkandforce.Studentswilllearnthattheamountofworkrequiredtoperformataskdependsontheamountofforceneededtomoveit,aswellasthedistanceanobjectwillbemoved.

●Energy

Thisunithelpsstudentsunderstandwhatenergyis.Unitmaterialsfocusprimarilyonfiveimportanttypesofenergy:

light,sound,motion,heat,andelectrical.Eachenergytypeisdefinedandsupportedwitheverydayexamples.

It’simportanttounderstandwhereenergycomesfrom,howitbehaves,andwhyitisvaluabletous.Bybecomingfamiliarwithdifferenttypesofenergy,studentscanbetterappreciatehavingtheenergysourcestheyrelyuponindailylives.

●Light

Thisunithelpsstudentsexplorethepropertiesoflight:

whereitcomesfrom,howitmoves,andhowitinteractswithobjects. 

Understandingthephysicalpropertiesoflighthelpsusanticipatehowlightwillbehaveasweuseitandinteractwithit.Lightalsoaddstothebeautyandcomplexityoftheworldaroundus.

●Properties

Thisunitexplainshowshape,color,texture,weight,stateofmatter,andotherpropertiescanbeusedtoidentify,describe,andcomparematter.Theunitalsoexplainsthatwechoosetomakethingsoutofmaterialsthathavethepropertiesweneedorwant.

Identifyingpropertiesofobjectshelpsusmakedecisionsandcommunicatewithprecision.Practicingcarefulobservationwillpreparestudentstobecomesuccessfulscientistsandcitizens.Itmayalsoallowthemtoappreciatethespecialqualitiesofthethingsaroundthemthattheymightnormallytakeforgranted.

●Magnets

 Inthisunit,studentswilllearnthatmagnetsbehaveinpredictableways,makingthemreliableandvaluabletools.

●Thingsmove

Thisunitexplainstheseforces,anditdescribesthemovementofobjects,includinghowforcescanmovethings,stopthem,andchangetheirspeedanddirection.Knowinghowandwhythingsmoveallowsustowork,play,getaround,andcompleteeverydaytasks.

4.Process

●Tools

1.Thermometers

Thermometersaretoolsusedformeasuringtemperature.Byusingtheresourcesbelow,studentswilllearnaboutthisimportantsciencetoolandpracticeusingitinmeaningfulways.

2.BalanceScales

Thermometersaretoolsusedformeasuringtemperature.Byusingtheresourcesbelow,studentswilllearnaboutthisimportantsciencetoolandpracticeusingitinmeaningfulways.

3.LengthMeasurement

Manyscientificinvestigationsandexperimentsrequireaccuratelengthmeasurement.Byusingtheresourcesbelow,studentswilllearnabouttoolsusedformeasuringlength,includingrulers,metersticks/yardsticks,andmeasuringtapes.

Studentswillalsopracticeusingtheseimportantsciencetools.ResourcesprovideinstructioninbothmetricandU.S.customaryunits.

4.HandLenses

Handlensesaretoolsthatassistinscientificobservation.Byusingtheresourcesbelow,studentswilllearnabouthandlensesandpracticeusingthisimportantsciencetool.

●Skills

1.Hypotheses

Hypothesesarestatementsthatpredictanoutcomeandprovideapotentialexplanationforanexperiment,basedonpriorknowledge.Byusingtheresourcesbelow,studentswilllearnaboutthisimportantscienceskillandpracticemakinggoodhypotheses.

2.DataSheets

Collectingdataisacrucialpartofofanyscientificendeavor.Thismini-lessonwillshowstudentshowtocollectandorganizetheirdatausingadatasheet.

3.UsingDiagrams

Inscience,usingdiagramsisanimportantwaytopresentinformation.Byusingtheresourceslistedbelow,studentswilllearnaboutdifferenttypesofdiagrams.Theywillalsohaveopportunitiestopracticereadingandcreatingdiagrams.

4.DrawConclusions

Inscience,aninvestigationisnotcompletewithoutdrawingaconclusion.Byusingtheresourceslistedbelow,studentswilllearnaboutseveralimportantpartsofagoodconclusion.Theywillalsohaveopportunitiestopracticewritingandjudgingconclusionsforsamplescienceexperiments.

5.Observationvs.Inference

Inscientificstudy,bothobservationsandinferencesareimportant.Byusingtheresourceslistedbelow,studentswilllearnaboutthedifferencebetweenobservationsandinferences.Theywillalsohaveopportunitiestoapplywhattheyhavelearned.

6.IdentifyandControlVariables

Itisimportanttoidentifythevariablesinascientificinvestigationandtobeabletocontrolthosevariables.Otherwise,itmaybeimpossibletoyieldreliableresultsandtodrawvalidconclusions.Thisunitwillhelpstudentsdistinguishamongindependent,dependent,andcontrolledvariables.

7.UsingGraphs

Throughoutscientificstudy,studentswillencounterdatadisplayedinavarietyofgraphs.Thisunitprovidesstudentswithbackgroundandpracticeininterpretingandmakingbarandpicturegraphs.StudentswilllearnabouttheX-axisandY-axis,howtolabeleachaxis,andhowtodrawconclusionsbyexamininggraphs.