综合教程1册u10部分练习答案及注解.docx

综合教程1册u10部分练习答案及注解.docx

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综合教程1册u10部分练习答案及注解

I.VocabularyAnalysis

1.Phrasepractice

1.longtodo=eagertodo渴望做

.Thegirllongedtodancebeforealargecrowd.小女孩渴望在众人面前跳舞。

2.longfor=desiretohave渴望拥有

.Peoplearoundtheworldarelongingforpeace.世界各地的人民却渴望和平。

Shehasbeenlongingforhimeversinceheleft.自从他离开以后，她一直在想他。

3.inperil=ingreatdanger处于危险之中

.Scientistsareracingagainsttimetosavetheanimalsinperil.科学家们正与时间竞赛拯救处于危险之中的动物。

Humanbeing’shuntingputwildanimalsinperil.人类的捕猎使野生动物处于危险之中。

4.seeeverythingblackandwhite=interpretallthingsaseitherrightorwrong认为什么事情都是非对即错

.Studentsshouldbetaughtnottoseeeverythingblackandwhite.要教会学生不能认为什么事情都是非对即错的。

Simonisstubbornandseeseverythingblackandwhite.西门很固执，认为什么事情不是对就是错。

2.Wordcomparison

1.

gratitude:

thestateoffeelinggrateful

.IwishtoexpressmygratitudetoDr.Wangforherimmensepracticalhelp.

grateful:

showingorexpressingthanks,especiallytoanotherperson

.I’msogratefulforallthatyou’vedone.

thank:

totellsomeonethatyouarepleasedandgratefulforsomethingtheyhavedone,ortobepoliteaboutit

.Ihaven’thadachancetothankhimyet.

2.

solitary:

asolitaryobjectisalone,withnoothersnearthem

.Helivedinasolitarywoodland.

singular:

usedwhentalkingorwritingaboutonething

.Thisisasingularpointofviewthatmakesallthedifferenceoveralifetime.

exclusive:

availableorbelongingonlytoparticularpeople,andnotshared

.Wehaveexclusiveaccesstothelibraryarchives.

alone:

whenyouarealone,youarenotwithanyotherpeople

.Hewasallaloneinthemiddleofthehall.

3.

burstinto:

tosuddenlybegintodosomething

.Muchtomysurprisemylittlesonburstintosongs.

burstout:

tosuddenlysaysomethinginaforcefulway

.“Idon’tbelieveit!

”sheburstoutangrily.

burstin:

tointerruptsomethingbyenteringaroom,inawaythatembarrassesyouorotherpeople

.I’msorrytoburstinonyoulikethis.

4.

linger:

ifyoulingersomewhere,youstaythereforalongertimethanisnecessary

.Thisisadrearylittletownwherefewwouldchoosetolinger.

wander:

towalkaroundslowlyinarelaxedwayorwithoutanyclearpurposeordirection

.Wespentthemorningwanderingaroundtheoldpartofthecity.

haunt:

ifthesoulofadeadpersonhauntsaplace,itappearsthereoften

.Thepubissaidtobehauntedbytheghostofaformerlandlord.

loaf:

toavoidactivity,especiallywork

.Thosewholoafalldayanddonothingaresocialparasites.

5.

diginto:

totrytofindoutaboutsomethingunknownorsecret

.Hehadbeendiggingintoherpast.

dipinto:

putthehandintoacontainerinordertotakesomethingoutofit

.Askthechildrentoguesswhat’sineachcontainerbydippingtheirhandsin.

probeinto:

toaskquestionsinordertofindthingsout

.Thescientistprobedintothesecretofchemsitry.

6.

resolve:

ifyouresolvetodosomething,youmakeafirmdecisiontodoit

.Sheresolvedtoreportthemattertothehospital’snursingmanager.

solve:

tofindananswertoaproblem

.Thisstrategycouldcausemoreproblemsthanitsolves.

involve:

ifanactivityorsituationinvolvessomething,thatthingispartofitoraresultofit

.Ididn’trealizeputtingonaplayinvolvedsomuchwork.

revolve:

ifyousaythatonethingrevolvesaroundanotherthing,youmeanthatthesecondthingisthemainfeatureorfocusofthefirstthing

.Myliferevolvesaroundmyjob.

7.

makeoff:

toleavequickly,usuallyinordertoescape

.Theburglarsmadeoffbeforethepolicearrived.

makeaway:

tostealsomethingandtakeitawaywithyou

.Thievesmadeawaywiththecontentsofthesafe.

makeout:

tosee,hearorunderstandsomethingorsomeonewithdifficulty

.Ican’tmakeoutyourwriting.

8.

onhand:

closebyandreadywhenneeded

.Ourstaffarealwaysonhandtohelp.

inhand:

ifsomethingisinhand,itisbeingdoneordealtwith

.Sheseemedtohavethingsinhandbythetimeherhusbandreturned.

byhand:

doneormadebyapersonratherthanamachine

.Wehadtowashourclothesbyhand.

3.Synonym/Antonym

Givesynonymsorantonymsofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.

1.MydebtistoanEnglishman,wholongagoinChinarenderedaninestimableservicetoasmallAmericanchild.

Synonyms:

invaluable,matchless,precious

2.Youmustpicturetoyourselfthatchild,livingquitesolitaryinaremoteChinesecountryside.

Antonyms:

sociable,accompanied,collective

3.Intheneardistancewoundthatdeep,treacherous,goldenriver,theYangtse.

Synonyms:

unreliable,untrustworthy

4.Shelovedtoseeoutofthatfloodcomeperhapsagainandagainanemptynet,butsometimesgreatflashing,twistingsilverbodiesoffish.

Antonyms:

full,plenty,abundant

5.Theyweretoobusytopaymuchheedtoher.

Synonyms:

attention,notice,regard

6.ShetookOliverTwistoutofhisplaceandingreatperildescended.

Antonyms:

ascend,rise,arise

7.Shelingeredbesidevillagesofboatfolk,andsawthemlive.

Synonyms:

stay,remain

8.Shewas,sheknew,veryalien.

Antonyms:

native,familiar,local

4.Sentencerephrasing

Rephraseeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththewordgiveninbrackets.

1.Thelawsaysyoumustensureyourchildreceivesapropereducation.（obligation）

Tip:

obligationn.duty任务，义务

.Areweunderobligationtoprovidefinancialsupporttothecompany

Key:

Youhavethelegalobligationtoensureyourchildreceivesapropereducation.

2.Thelargeamountoftimetheyspentgettingtheengineintoperfectconditionwassurprising.（immense）

Tip:

immenseadj.huge巨大的

.Curiosityisatreasurewithimmensevalue.

Key:

Theyspentasurprisinglyimmenseamountoftimegettingtheengineintoperfectcondition.

3.Sorrytoarriveallofasuddenlikethis,butwehadnotimetophone.（descend）

Tip:

descendv.movedownward下降

.Thesundescendedbehindthemountain.

descendoncallonsb.withoutnotice突然到来

.Visitorsdescendonusandruintheday.

Key:

Sorrytodescendonyoulikethis,butwehadnotimetophone.

4.MarkandImanagedtocleanupthehousebeforeourparentsgothome.（straighten）

Tip:

straightenv.makeclean弄直

.Shetwitchedthecorneroftheblankettostraightenit.

straightenupmakestraight弄干净

.You’dbetterstraightenupyourhouse.

Key:

MarkandImanagedtostraightenupthehousebeforeourparentsgothome.

5.IthinkImustbecomingdownwithflu—I’vebeenfeelinglowandillallday.（wretched.）

Tip:

wretchedadj.poor,miserable可怜不幸的

.Thewretchedboywasbeggingalongthestreetagain.

Key:

IthinkImustbecomingdownwithflue—I’vebeenfeelingwretchedallday.

6.Thegovernmentmadeadecisiontotakefurtheractionsagainstcorruption.（resolve）

Tip:

resolvev.decide决心

.Heresolvedthatnothingcanholdhimback.

Key:

Thegovernmentresolvedtotakefurtheractionsagainstcorruption.

7.TheyoungEnglishteacherthoughtsohighlyofpoetrythathetaughtitwithextremeenthusiasm.（missionary）

Tip:

missionaryadj.relatedtoreligiousmission与传教有关的，有使命的

.Ourmissionaryworkhadanimportantbreakthough.

Key:

TheyoungEnglishteacherthoughtsohighlyofpoetrythathetaughtitwithmissionaryzeal.

8.There’soneruleforherandanotherruleforeveryoneelseandit’ssheerdoubledealing.（hypocrisy）

Tip:

hypocrisyn.insincerity伪善，虚伪

.Wearesofedupwithhishypocrisy.

Key:

There’soneruleforherandanotherruleforeveryoneelseandit’smerehypocrisy.

II.GrammarExercises

1.Thepassivevoice

Apassiveconstructionoccurswhenyoumaketheobjectofanactionintothesubjectofasentence.Thatis,whoeverorwhateverisperformingtheactionisnotthegrammaticalsubjectofthesentence.

ThePassiveisformed:

PassiveSubject+ToBe+PastParticiple.Iftheagentisimportant（theperson,companyorthingthatdoestheaction）,use“by”.Ifitisnotdefiniteanddoesnotcarryanyessentialinformation,itcanbeomitted.

※Onlyverbsthattakeanobjectcanbeusedinthepassivevoice.

e.g.Housesarebuilt.

Mybikewasstolen.

Practice:

Completethefollowingsentenceswiththeappropriateformoftheverbsgiven.

1.Peopleweresurprisedtofindthatanenormoushole____________（cut）inthesteeldoorbytheburglars.

2.It’shightimethathe_____________（tell）tostopbehavinglikeachild.

3.Asshe_____________（climb）theladder,itslippedsidewaysandshefelloffit.

4.Iknowanewfilm_____________（show）atthecinemathesedays.

5.Iknowanewfilm_____________（show）atthecinemaintwodays.

6.Iknowanewfilm_____________（show）atthecinemarecently.

Keys:

1.hadbeencut

2.wastold（Thepasttenseisusedtoshowthehypotheticalmeaning.）

3.wasclimbing（Theactivevoiceisusedbecausethesubjectofthesentenceistheonewhoperformstheaction.）

4.arebeingshown（Thepresentcontinuoustenseisusedbecause“thesedays”referstoaperiodoftimeinwhichanactioniscontinuouslybeingperformed.）

5.willbeshown（“Intwodays”referstosometimeinthefuture.）

6.hasbeenshown（Theadverb“recently”isamarkerofpresentperfecttense.）

2.Subordination

Subordination（abbreviatedvariouslysubord,sbrd,subrorsr）isacomplexsyntacticconstructioninwhichoneormoreclausesaredependentonthemainclause.Dependentclausesarealsocalled“subordinateclauses”.

Subordinateclausesareintroducedbyasubordinatingconjunction,suchas,after,although,asmuchas,aslongas,assoonas,because,before,if,inorderthat,lest,since,sothat,than,that,though,unless,until,when,whenever,where,wherever,whether,andwhile,etc.

.Idon'tknowifGeorgeisawak