福建职称英语考试真题卷.docx

福建职称英语考试真题卷.docx

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福建职称英语考试真题卷

2022年福建职称英语考试真题卷

本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。

一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。

每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）

1.第2篇　　TheBestWaytoReduceYourWeight　　Youhearthis:

"Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat."Youfeelsad:

"lskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo"Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenes,notyourlifehabits,determineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.　　AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat,"80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese（肥胖的）parentsbecomeobese,ascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight."　　HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWell,dietingcanbeeffective,butthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirsch,aresearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversity,didastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeks,thesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospital,theyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:

bymetabolic（新陈代谢的）measurement,fatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswamthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultInnormalweight,butinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.　　Thinpeople,however,sufferfromtheopposite:

Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSims,oftheUniversityofVermont,gotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonths,theyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20t025percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.　　Thisdidnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithout"hopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybattletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopusbtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.InEthanSimsstudy,thesubjectswereaskedto__________.　

A．stayinprison

B．eatasmuchastheycould

C．battletheirgeneticinheritance

D．lowertheirweight

2.WasteNot,WantNot　　IBobandClaraDarlington,whoownandrunafarmintheNorthofEngland,havealwayslookedfornewwaysofmakingmoneyoutoftheproducetheygrow.Theirsuccessbeganwhentheyestablishedashopontheirfarm,sothatpeoplecouldcomeandbuyfreshvegetablesdirectlyfromthem.　　2Thebusinesswasanimmediatesuccess,andsoonscoredtopmarksinacompetitionsetupbytheFarmRetailAssociationtofindthebestfarmshopinthecountry.TheAssociation’sinspectorsfoundtheDarlingtons’shopofferedexcellentserviceandvalueformoneyaswellasqualityfruitandvegetable.　　3ClaraDarlingtonisatrainedchefand,inadditiontoarangeofhome-grownfoodsandotherlocalproduce,shebeganofferingavarietyofpreparedmealswhichshehadmadeherselfinthefarmhousekitchen.Asmallcafealongsidethefarmshopwassoonadded,witheverythingthatvisitorscouldtasteonthemenualsobeingforsaleintheshop.　　4Claraadmitsthatstartingthebusinesswasexpensive,andshehasworkedveryhard,butmaintainsthatiftheproductisgood,thepublicrecognizethisandbuyit."Iaimtoofferthehighestqualitytoourcustomers,whethertheycomeinforaloafofbread,ortakeawholedinner-partymenu.Itakeitasacompliment（恭维）ifpeopletakehomeoneofmydishestoservetotheirfamilyandfriendsandgetawaywithpretendingtheymadeitthemselves."　　5Soitwasthatthecouplerealizedthattheyhadasurplusofmisshapenordamagedvegetablesgrownonthefarmwhichwereunsuitableforsellingintheshop.Clara,notwishingtoseethemgetthrownaway,decidedtoturnthemintosoup.　　6ThesoupmetwiththeimmediateapprovalofcustomerstotheshopandClaranowproducestendifferentvarieties.ShespentmuchofthesummertravelingupanddowntoLondonbyrail,doingpresentationsofthesoups.Asaresult,theyarenowservedinfirst-classrailwayrestaurantcarsbelongingtothreecompaniesaswellasbeingstockedbyanumberofhigh-classLondonstores.　　23.Paragraph2__________.　　24.Paragraph3__________.　　25.Paragraph4__________.　　26.Paragraph5__________.　　A.Professionalrecognitionisobtained　　B.Ensuringthatnothinggetswasted　　C.Anecessaryalternativetofarming　　D.Timewellspentisrewarded　　E.Continuinginvestmentisnecessaryalternativetofarminginhighstand9rds　　F.Professionalskillsareexploited　　27.BobandClaraDarlingtonestablishedashopto_　　28.Apartfromqualityfruitandvegetables,thecouple　　29.Insteadofthrowingthedamagedvegetablesaway,thecouple　　30.ClaraspentmuchofthesummergoingtoLondonto　　A.sellfreshvegetables　　B.turnthemintosoup　　C.sellasmuchaspossible　　D.promotehersoups　　E.fillagapinthemarket　　F.offeravarietyofpreparedmeals

3.IKnowJustHowYouFeel　　DoyoufeelsadHappyAngryYoumaythinkthatthewayyoushowtheseemotionsisunique.Well,thinkagain.Eventheexpressionofthemostpersonalfeelingscanbeclassified,accordingtoMindReadingame,aDVDdisplayingeverypossiblehumanemotion.Itdemonstrates412distinctwaysinwhichwefeelthefirstvisualdistionaryofthehumanheart.　　Attemptstoclassifyexpressionsbeganinthemid-1800s,whenDarwindividedtheemtionsintosixtypes-anger,fear,sadness,disgust,surpriseandenjoyment._________（46）EveryotherfeelingwasthoughttoderivefromDarwin’ssmallgroup.Morecomplexexpressionsofemotionswereprobablylearnedandthereforemorespecifictoeachculture.Butnowitisbelievedthatmanymorefacialexpressionsaresharedworldwide._________（47）TheMindReadingDVDisasystematicvisualrecordoftheseexpressions.　　TheprojectwasconceivedbyaCambridgeprofessorasanaidforpeoplewithautism（孤独症）,whohavedifficultybothreadingandexpressingemotions.Butitquicklybecameapparentthatithadbroaderuses.Actorsandteachers,forexample,needtounderstandawiderangeofexpressions.Theprofessorandhisresearchteamfirsthadtodefinean"emotion"_________（48）Usingthisdefinition,1,512emotiontermswereidentifiedanddiscussed.Thislistwaseventuallyreducedto412,from"afraid"to"wanting".　　Oncetheseemotionsweredefinedandclassified,aDVDseemedtheclearestandmostefficientwaytodisplaythem.InMindReading,eachexpressionisactedoutbysixdifferentactorsinthreeseconds._________（49）Theexplanationforthisissimple:

wemayfinditdifficulttodescribeemotionsusingwords,butweinstantlyrecogniseonewhenweseeitonsomeone’sface."Itwasreallyclearwhentheactorshadgotitright,"saysCathyCollis,whodirectedtheDVD."Althoughtheyweregivensomedirestion,"saysMsCollis,"theactorswerenottoldwhichfacialmusclestheyshouldmove."_________（50）Forexample,whensomeonefeelcontempt,youcan’tsayforcertainthattheireyebrowsalwaysgodown.　　SomeonewhohastriedtoestablishsuchrulesistheAmerican,ProfessorPaulEkman,whohasbuiltadatabaseofhowthefacemovesforeveryemotion.Thefacecanmake43distinctmusclemovementscalled"actionunits".Thesecanbecombinedintomorethan10,000visiblefacialshapes.Ekmenhaswrittenoutapatternoffacialmuscularmovementstorepresenteachemotion.　　A.Hesaidthatthisexpressionoffeelingisuniversalandrecognizablebyanyonefromanyculture.　　B.Anyothermethodofshowingthe412emotionswhouldhavebeenfarlesseffective.　　C.Researchhasalsobeendonetofindoutwhichareaofbrainreadtheemotionalexpressions.　　D.Theseparticularmusclesaredifficulttocontrol,andfewpeoplecandoit.　　E.Theydecidedthatitwasamentalstatethatcouldbeprecededby"Ifeel""helooks"or"shesounds".　　F.Wethoughtoftryingtodescribeeachemotion,butitwhouldhavebeenalmostimpossibletomakeclearrulesofthis.

4.　第1篇　　TheIceman　　OnaSeptemberdayin1991,twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly.Highuponamountainpass,theyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight（10,499feet,or3,200meters）,theiceisusuallypermanent,but1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface.　　Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton（骨架）wasinperfectcondition,exceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark（树皮）andaholderforarrows.　　WhowasthismanHowandwhenhadhediedEverybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.Somepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscentury,perhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarI,sinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfather,whohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholder,maybeevenathousandyearsold.　　Withmoderndatingt