易混词汇辨析总结.docx
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易混词汇辨析总结
易混词汇辨析总结
1.clothes,cloth,clothing
clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数;
cloth指布,为不可数名词;
clothing服装的总称,指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof
2.incident,accident
incident指小事件;
accident指不幸的事故,例:
Hewaskilledintheaccident.
3.amount,number
amount后接不可数名词;
number后接可数名词,例:
anumberofstudents
4.family,house,home
home家,包括住处和家人;
house房子,住宅;
family家庭成员,例:
Myfamilyisahappyone.
5.sound,voice,noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音;
voice人的嗓音;
noise噪音,例:
Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.
6.photo,picture,drawing
photo用照相机拍摄的照片;
picture可指相片,图片,电影片,例:
Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.
drawing画的画。
7.vocabulary,word
vocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,例:
Hehasalargevocabulary.
word具体的单词。
8.population,people
population人口,人数,例:
Chinahasalargepopulation.
people具体的人。
9.weather,climate
weather一天内具体的天气状况;
climate长期的气候状况,例:
Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.
10.road,street,path,way
road具体的公路,马路,例:
takethisroad
street街道,例:
inthestreet
path小路,小径;
way道路,途径,例:
Showmethewaytothemuseum.
11.course,subject
course课程(可包括多门科目),例:
asummercourse
subject科目(具体的学科)
12.custom,habit
custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接todo;
habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接ofdoing.例:
I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.
13.cause,reason
cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接ofsth./doingsth;
reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接forsth./doingsth.例:
thereasonforbeinglate
14.exercise,exercises,practice
exercise运动,锻炼(不可数);
exercises练习(可数);
practice(反复做的)练习,例:
Practicemakesperfect.
15.class,lesson
作“课”解时,两者可以替换。
指课文用lesson,例:
Lesson6,第6课;
指班级或全体学生用class,例:
Class5,5班。
16.speech,talk,lecture
speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说;
talk日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话;
lecture学术性的演讲,讲课,例:
aseriesoflectureon…
17.officer,official
officer部队的军官,例:
anarmyofficer
official政府官员。
18.work,job
二者均指工作。
work不可数;job可数,例:
agoodjob
19.couple,pair
couple主要指人或动物;
pair多指由两部分组成的东西,例:
apairoftrousers
20.country,nation,state,land
country侧重指版图,疆域;
nation指人民,国民,民族;
state侧重指政府,政体;
land国土,国家,例:
Thewholenationwassadatthenews.
21.cook,cooker
cook厨师,例:
Heisagoodcook.
cooker厨具。
22.damage,damages
damage不可数名词,损害,损失;
damages复数形式,赔偿金,例:
$900damages
23.police,policeman
police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,例:
Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.
policeman指某个具体的警察。
24.problem,question
problem常和困难连系,前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise;
question常和疑问连系,多和ask,answer连用。
25.man,aman
man人类;
aman一个男人,例:
Manwillconquernature.
26.chick,chicken
二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉;例:
Thechickenisdelicious.
27.telegram,telegraph
当电报解时,telegram指具体的;例:
atelegram
telegraph指抽象的;例:
bytelegraph
28.trip,journey,travel,voyage
travel是最常用的;
trip指短期的旅途;例:
athree-daytrip
journey指稍长的旅途;
voyage指海上航行。
29.sport,game
sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;例:
Hisfavoritesportisswimming.
game指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则。
30.price,prize
price价格;例:
Thepriceishigh/low.
prize奖,奖品,奖金;例:
winthefirstprize
31.anumberof,thenumberof
anumberof许多,谓语动词用复数;
thenumberof………的数目,谓语动词用单数。
例:
Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.
32.infrontof,inthefrontof
infrontof范围外的前面;
inthefrontof范围内的前面例:
Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.
33.oftheday,ofaday
oftheday每一天的,当时的,当代的,例:
afamousscientistoftheday;
ofaday暂时的,不长久的。
34.threeofus,thethreeofus
threeofus我们(不止三个)中的三个;
thethreeofus我们三个(就三个人)例:
Thethreeofus-Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.
35.bybus,onthebus
bybus表手段,方式,不用冠词,例:
Theywenttherebybus.
onthebus表范围。
36.foramoment,forthemoment
foramoment片刻,一会儿,例:
Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.
forthemoment暂时,一时。
37.nextyear,thenextyear
nextyear将来时间状语;
thenextyear过去将来时间状语,例:
Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.
38.morethanayear,morethanoneyear
morethanayear一年多;
morethanoneyear超过一年(两年或三年等)。
39.takeadvice,takethe(one's)advice
takeadvice征求意见;
taketheadvice接受忠告例:
Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.
40.takeair,taketheair
takeair传播,走漏;
taketheair到户外去,散步例:
Wetaketheaireveryday.
41.inaword,inwords
inaword总之,一句话,例:
Inaword,youareright.
inwords口头上。
42.inplaceof,intheplaceof
inplaceof代替;
intheplaceof在…地方,例:
Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.
43.insecret,inthesecret
insecret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作状语;
inthesecret知道内情,知道秘密,一般用作表语,例:
Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.
44.agirl,onegirl
agirl可泛指所有女孩;
onegirl一个女孩,例:
Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?
45.takeachair,takethechair
takeachair相当于sitdown坐下;
takethechair开始开会。
46.gotosea,bysea
gotosea当海员,出航;
bysea乘船,由海路;bythesea在海边。
47.thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandtheteacher
thedoctorandteacher指一个人,既是医生又是老师;
thedoctorandtheteacher两个人,一个医生和一个老师。
48.inoffice,intheoffice
inoffice在职的,例:
Heisinoffice,notoutofoffice.
intheoffice在办公室里。
49.inbed,onthebed
inbed卧在床上,例:
Heisillinbed.
onthebed在床上,例:
Thebookisonthebed.
50.inchargeof,inthechargeof
inchargeof管理,负责照料,例:
Heisinchargeofthematter.
inthechargeof由……照料,例:
Thematterisinthechargeofher.
51.inclass,intheclass
inclass在课上;
intheclass在班级里,例:
Heisthebeststudentintheclass.
52.onfire,onthefire
onfire着火,例:
Thehouseisonfire.
onthefire在火上,例:
Putthefoodonthefire.
53.outofquestion,outofthequestion
outofquestion毫无疑问的;
outofthequestion不可能的。
54.asecond,thesecond (the加序数词表示第几第几)
asecond又一,再一;
thesecond第……,例:
Hewonthesecondprize.
55.byday,bytheday
byday白天;
bytheday按天计算,例:
Theworkersarepaidbytheday.
61.who,what
who指姓名或关系;
what指职业或地位,例:
Whatisyourdad?
Heisateacher.
62.what,which
what的选择基础是无限制的;
which在一定范围内进行选择,例:
Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?
63.other,another
other后接名词复数,例:
otherstudents
another后接名词单数,例:
anotherstudent
64.notalittle,notabit
notalittle非常;
notabit一点也不,例:
I'mnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。
65.many,much,alotof
many和可数名词连用,例:
Ihaven'tmanybooks.
much和不可数名词连用;
alotof可数,不可数均可,但不用于否定句。
66.muchmore…than,manymore…than
muchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词,例:
muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful
manymore…than后接可数名词,例:
manymorepeople
67.no,not
no=nota/any
例:
nofriend=nota/anyfriend;nowater=notanywater
68.nomorethan,notmorethan
nomorethan相当于only,仅仅,只有;
notmorethan至多,不超过。
69.majority,most
majority只能修饰可数名词,例:
themajorityofpeople
most可数不可数均可。
70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself
byoneself单独的,独自的;
foroneself为自己;
tooneself供自己用的;
ofoneself自行的,自动的,例:
Thedooropenedofitself.
71.atall,afterall
atall根本,全然;
afterall到底,毕竟,例:
Afterallheisachild.
72.tall,high
tall常指人或动物,例:
Heistall.
high常指物体。
73.fast,quickly
fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,例:
runfast
quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快,例:
answerthequestionquickly
74.high,highly
high具体的高;
highly抽象的高,高度的,例:
thinkhighlyof给。
。
。
高评价
75.healthy,healthful
healthy健康的,健壮的;
healthful有益于健康的,例:
healthfulexercise
79.just,very
just表强调时是副词,作状语,例:
justtheman
very表强调时是形容词,用作定语,例:
theveryman
80.wide,broad
wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离;
broad侧重于幅面的宽广,例:
broadshoulders
90.hard,hardly
hard努力,例:
workhard
hardly几乎不,例:
Icanhardlybelieveit.
93.late,lately
late迟,晚;
lately最近,近来例:
Ihaven'tseenhimlately.
95.excited,exciting (一般用来形容人则加ed,形容物或事则加ing)
excited使人兴奋的,例:
I'mexcited.
exciting令人兴奋的,例:
Thenewsisexciting.
96beforelong,longbefore
beforelong不久以后;
longbefore很久以前;
例:
notlongbefore=beforelong
97spend,take,pay,cost
spend人做主语,花钱,花时间,spend…onsth./indoingsth;
take物做主语,花时间;
pay人做主语,花钱,payfor;
cost物做主语,花钱。
join,joinin,takepartin
join加入某个组织,并成为其中的一员,例:
Hejoinedthearmyfiveyearsago.
joinin参加小型的活动,joinsb.in;
takepartin参加大型的活动。
learn,study
learn学习,侧重学习的结果;
study学习,侧重学习的过程,研究,例:
studytheproblem
want,hope,wish
want打算,想要,wanttodo,wantsb.todo;
hope希望(通常可以实现),hopetodo/hopethat…
wish希望(通常不能实现),wish(sb.)todo,wishsb/sth.+n.,例:
Iwishyousuccess.
discover,invent,findout
discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西;
invent发明本来不存在的物体;
findout发现,查明,例:
Atlasthefoundoutthetruth
meet,meetwith
meet遇到;
meetwith体验到,遭遇到,例:
meetwithanaccident
lose,miss
lose失去(具体的物体),错过,例:
sth.islost,losethechance;
miss想念,错过,例:
sth.ismissing,missthechance
.betiredof,betiredwith/from
betiredof厌烦……
betiredwith/from因为……而累了,例:
betiredwith/fromrunning800meters
continue,last
二者均为持续,continue主动、被动均可。
例:
Thestoryistobecontinued.
last只能用主动,例:
Thewarlasted/continuedfiveyears.
meantodo,meandoing
meantodo打算,想要做某事;
meandoing意思是,意味着。
例:
BythisImeangivingthestudentsmorepractice.
payfor,payback,payoff
payfor为……付钱,例:
payforthebook;
payback还钱,但不一定还清;
payoff还清,例:
payoffthedebt
arrive,get,reach
arrive不及物动词,后接in(大地点),at(小地点)。
例:
arriveinBeijing
get不及物动词后接to,例:
gettoBeijing
reach及物动词,例:
reachBeijing
manage,try
managetodo设法做成了某事;
trytodo尽力去做某事但不一定成功,例:
Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed
befamiliarto,befamiliarwith
befamiliarto某物对某人来说是熟悉的,例:
Thebookisfamiliartome.
befamiliarwith某人熟悉某物,例:
I'mfamiliarwiththebook.
look,see,watch
look看的动作;
see看的结果;
watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展,例:
watchTV
lie,lay
lie躺,位于(lay,lain),说谎(lied,lied);
lay平放(laid,laid),例:
laythebook
workas,actas
workas工作是……,例:
Heworksasateacher.
actas充当某种职务或身份,或扮演某种角色,例:
Heactsasaninterpreter.
hurt,injure,wound
hurt感情上受伤;
injure事故中受伤;
wound战争中受伤例:
Hewaswoundedinthewar.
agreewith,agreeto,agreeon
agreewith同意某人,例:
agreewithyou
agreeto同意某事,例:
agreetotheplan
agreeon在……上达成一致意见,主语是复数。
.throwto,throwat
throwto扔到……;
throwat朝……扔,例:
Hethrowastoneatme.
receive,accept
receive收到某一东西,但不一定接受;
accept接受,例:
Ireceivedagift,bu