高级英语修辞手法总结最常考.docx
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高级英语修辞手法总结最常考
英语修辞手法
1.Simile明喻
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.
标志词常用like,as,seem,asif,asthough,similarto,suchas等.
例如:
1>.Hewaslikeacockwhothoughtthesunhadrisentohearhimcrow.
2>.Iwanderedlonelyasacloud.
3>.Einsteinonlyhadablanketon,asifhehadjustwalkedoutofafairytale.
2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻
隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
例如：
1>.Hopeisagoodbreakfast,butitisabadsupper.
2>.Somebooksaretobetasted,othersswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.
3.Metonymy借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.
I.以容器代替内容,例如:
1>.Thekettleboils.水开了.
2>.Theroomsatsilent.全屋人安静地坐着.
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:
Lendmeyourears,please.请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
acompleteShakespeare莎士比亚全集
VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
Ihadthemuscle,andtheymademoneyoutofit.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
4.Synecdoche提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
例如:
1>.Thereareabout100handsworkinginhisfactory.（部分代整体）
他的厂里约有100名工人.
2>.HeistheNewtonofthiscentury.（特殊代一般）
他是本世纪的牛顿.
3>.Thefoxgoesverywellwithyourcap.（整体代部分）
这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.
5.Synaesthesia通感,联觉,移觉
这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。
比如：
欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
例如:
1>.Thebirdssatuponatreeandpouredforththeirlilylikevoice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花）
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.
2>.TastethemusicofMozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉）
品尝Mozart的音乐.
6.Personification拟人
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.
例如:
1>.Thenightgentlylaysherhandatourfeveredheads.（把夜拟人化）
2>.Iwasveryhappyandcouldhearthebirdssinginginthewoods.（把鸟拟人化）
7.Hyperbole夸张
夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..
例如:
1>.Ibegathousandpardons.
2>.Loveyou.Youarethewholeworldtome,andthemoonandthestars.
3>.Whensheheardthebadnews,ariveroftearspouredout.
8.Parallelism排比,平行
这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.
例如:
1>.Noonecanbeperfectlyfreetillallarefree;noonecanbeperfectlymoraltillallaremoral;noonecanbeperfectlyhappytillallarehappy.
2>.Inthedayswhenallthesethingsaretobeansweredfor,Isummonyouandyours,tothelastofyourbadrace,toanswerforthem.Inthedayswhenallthesethingsaretobeansweredfor,Isummonyourbrother,theworstofyourbadrace,toanswerforthemseparately.
9.Euphemism委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.
例如:
1>.Heisoutvisitingthenecessary.?
?
他出去方便一下.
2>.Hisrelationwithhiswifehasnotbeenfortunate.他与妻子关系不融洽.
3>.DengXiaopingpassedawayin1997.（去世）
10.Allegory讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”）
建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。
英文解释：
anexpressivestylethatusesfictionalcharactersandeventstodescribesomesubjectbysuggestiveresemblances;anextendedmetaphor摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书
这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.
例如:
1>.Makethehaywhilethesunshines.
表层含义：
趁着出太阳的时候晒草
真正意味：
趁热打铁
2>.It'stimetoturnploughintosword.
表层含义：
是时候把犁变成剑
11.Irony反语
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.
例如:
1>.Itwouldbeafinethingindeednotknowingwhattimeitwasinthemorning.
早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）
2>"Ofcourse,youonlycarrylargenotes,nosmallchangeonyou."thewaitersaidtothebeggar.
12.Pun双关
双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.
例如:
1>.Sheistoolowforahighpraise,toobrownforafairpraiseandtoolittleforagreatpraise.
2>.Anambassadorisanhonestmanwholiesabroadforthegoodofhiscountry.
3>.Ifwedon'thangtogether,weshallhangseparately.
13.Parody仿拟
这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.
例如:
1>.Romewasnotbuiltinaday,norinayear.
2>.Afriendinneedisafriendtobeavoided.
3>.Ifyougiveagirlaninchnowadaysshewillmakeaddressofit.
14.Rhetoricalquestion修辞疑问（反问）
它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:
肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.
例如:
1>.Howwasitpossibletowalkforanhourthroughthewoodsandseenothingworthofnote?
2>.Shallweallowthoseuntruthstogounanswered?
15.Antithesis对照,对比,对偶
这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.
例如:
1>.NotthatIlovedCaeserlessbutthatIlovedRomemore.
2>.Youarestaying;Iamgoing.
3>.Givemeliberty,orgivemedeath.
16.Paradox隽语
这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法..
例如:
1>.Morehaste,lessspeed.欲速则不达
2>.Thechildisthefathertotheman.（童年时代可决定人之未来）三岁看大，四岁看老。
17.Oxymoron反意法,逆喻
这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.
例如:
1>.Nolight,butratherdarknessvisible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见
2>.Thestateofthishouseischeerlesswelcome.
18.Climax渐进法,层进法
这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.
例如:
1>.Iamsorry,Iamsosorry,Iamsoextremelysorry.
2>.Eyehadnotseennorearheard,andnothinghadtouchedhisheartofstone.
19.Anticlimax渐降法
与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.
例如:
1>.Onhisbreasthewearshisdecorations,athissideasword,onhisfeetapairofboots.
2>.Thedutiesofasoldieraretoprotecthiscountryandpeelpotatoes
20.Rhetoricalrepetition
叠言这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。
1、Itmustbecreatedbythebloodandtheworkofallofuswhobelieveinthefuture,whobelieveinmanandhisgloriousman—madedestiny.它必须用我们这些对于未来，对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。
2、...Becausegoodtechniqueinmedicineandsurgerymeansmorequickly—curedpatients,lesspain,lessdiscomfort,lessdeath,lessdiseaseandlessdeformity.因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人，更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死亡，更少疾病，和更少残废。
21.Onomatcpocia
拟声是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。
1、Ontherootoftheschoolhousesomepigeonsweresoftlycooing.
在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。
2、Shebroughtmeintotouchwitheverythingthatcouldbereachedorfelt——sunlight,therustlingofsilk,thenoisesofinsects,thecreakingofadoor,thevoiceofalovedone.
她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西，如阳光呀，丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀，昆虫的叫声呀，开门的吱嗄声呀，亲人的说话声呀。
22.Alliteration.
头韵法在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。
HowandwhyhehadcometoPrinceton,NewJerseyisastoryofstruggle,success,andsadness.
23 Syllepsis:
一语双叙
It has two connotations.
In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax（句法）. For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. （Here us is used to refer to you and me.）
In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. （Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.）
24. Zeugma:
轭式搭配
It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. （Here noon is not strong enough to burn）25. Innuendo:
暗讽
It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout way at something disparagingor uncomplimentary to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.
26. Sarcasm:
讽刺
It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.
27. Apostrophe顿呼
In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person （dead or absent） is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England!
awake!
awake!
awake!
28.Transferred Epithet转类形容词
It is a figure of speech where an epithet （an adjective or descriptive phrase） is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really apply or belong.
E.g.I spent sleepless nights on my project
1.Simile:
afigureofspeechinwhichonethingislikenedtoanother,insuchawayastoclarifyandenhanceanimage.Itisexplicitcomparisonrecognizedbytheuseofwordslike,as,seem,asif,asthough,suchas.
e.g.Witwithoutlearningislikeatreewithoutfruit.
…andthefattestwomanIhaveeverseeninmylifedozinginastraight-backedchair.Itwasasifasackofgrainwassupportedbyamatchbox.
Thepentoawriteriswhataguntoafighter.
Wehavenomorerighttoconsumehappinesswithoutproducingitthantoconsumewealthwithoutproducingit.
Wordsandfeatheraretossedbythewind.
Whenhemoves,hislittleagilitysuggestedatamepantherwithouttheclaws.
2.Metaphor:
afigureofspeechcontaininganimpliedcomparison,inwhichawordorphraseordinarilyandprimarilyusedofonethingisappliedtoanother.
e.g.Thesunshineofhappinessismadeupofverylittlebeams.
（compare:
Happinessislikesunshine:
itismadeupofverylittlebeams.）
Moneyisbottomlesssea,inwhichhonor,conscience,andtruthmaybedrowninit.
Bewareoflittleexpenses.Asmallleakwillsinkagreatship.
Ifalluponthethornsoflife!
Ibleed.
Hishostilitymelted.
Bythistimethevolcanicfiresofhisnaturehadburntdown.
3.parallelism:
comesfromGreek,itmeanstobealongsideoneanother.Itputthewords,phrases,clausesandsentencessimilarorcloseinmeaning,orstructurealongsideoneanother.
e.g.withthisfaithwewillbeabletoworktogether,topraytog
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