新编英语教程 6 Unit 3 教案.docx
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新编英语教程6Unit3教案
UnitThree
TEXTI
WALLSANDBARRIERS
EugeneRaskin
Objectives:
Todiscussthedifferentfunctionsofdifferentkindsofwalls.
Toidentifyinthetextthecontrastsbetweenwallsasbarriersandwallsasscreens.
Towriteanessayonthedifferentconceptionsofmoneyinthepastandnowbyusingthetechniqueofmakingcomparisonsandcontrasts.
Pre-readingDiscussion
Thequestionsdiscussedinthissectionconcernwiththemajorpointsorthegeneralideasofthetext.Thepurposeistoseehowwellstudentshavepreparedthetextaswellastostimulatestudents’interest.
1.Wallsareseeneverywhere,aroundaschoolcampusorahospitalcompound,aroundasmallparkorevenasmallprivategarden.Wehavethe(city)wallaroundtheJingjiangPalace/Chamber,whichwastheancientwall.
Fromthetitle,whatdoyouthinkoftherelationbetweenwallsandbarriers?
Dowallsallserveasbarriers?
Givesomeexamples.
Intheolddays,wallswereerectedasbarriersagainstdangerfromwithout,andtheGreatWallofChinacanserveasatypicalexampleofthis.
TheGreatWallofChinawasfirstbuiltfollowingtheunificationofChinabytheFirstEmperoroftheQinDynastyin221B.C.Itwasrenovatedandrebuiltinsucceedingdynasties.Initspresentform,itsubstantiallydatesfromtheMingDynasty(1368-1644).ItstretchesfromGansuProvincetoShanhaiguan,Hebei,windingcontinuouslyacrossnorthernChinaandtotaling6,7000kilometersinlength.ThewallwaserectedtoprotectChinafromnortherntribes.
MostwallsinChinafunctionasbarriers(anobstructionoranobstacle).Thewallofaparkservestoenclose;thewallofaprisontopreventcommunication;thewallofacastletocheck(e.g.,theadvanceofanenemy);thewallofakindergartentokeepawayfromdanger/toguaranteesecurity;thewallofaresidencetoprotectprivacy,etc.
2.Awallisusuallyasolidstructureofstones,bricks,concrete,etc.inChina.Whatothermaterialscanbeusedtobuildawall?
Whatifitisbuiltwithglassorverythinmetalmaterials,orshrubsorfenceasitismoreandmorecommonlyseennowadays?
Doesthiskindofwallalsoserveasbarrier?
Whatisthefunction?
InSingapore,notasmanywallsasinChinaareseen.Ifthereareany,theyaremostlyshrubs'walls/greenwalls,acontinuousandverticalstructureofironbars/wiremeshes/wirenettingwithshrubsstretchinginalldirections.Theseareopenwalls,Iwouldliketocall.Everythinginsideisopentotheoutsiders.Youcanseeeverythinginsideasfarasyoureyesightcanreach.E.g.,NUS,SP,condominiums,etc.Thesewallsjustservetodivideoffotherplaces,suchastown,house,room,field,etc.Thereisnothingtodowithsecurity.
Thewallsofmanycompanies,supermarkets,malls,restaurantsarewallsofglass.Eventhebankwheresecuritymustensureiswalledwithglass.Isthebanknotafraidofrobberyorburglary?
E.g.DahuaBank.
Cashisnowrarelyused.Money,inmostofthetime,takestheformofcreditcards,abook-keepingbankingmatter.Thebankfunctionsmoreasaservicethanasafeformoney.
Theseglasswallsseemunsafe,butmodernarchitectspreferthiskindofwalls.Sinceeveryinsideplaceisair-conditioned,theseglasswallsonlyfunctiontoseparatetheoutsideairfromtheinsidecontrolledtemperatureandhumidity.Andatthesametime,peoplecanhaveadequatescreeninginside.
PhilipJohnsonevengoestotheextreme.TheGlassHouseforhisresidenceinConnecticuthasglasswallseverywherearoundexceptthewallsinthebathroom,wheretheonlyrealprivacyisfound.
Itseemsthatthewallsinmoderntimesservemoreasseparationsthanasbarriers.
3.Isthenewfunctionofwallsinmoderntimestheresultofadvancedtechnology?
Why?
Ifnot,whatistherealreason?
Thenewarchitecturaldesignofwallsnowadaysisnottheresultofadvancedtechnology,butthechangeofmentalconceptionsofourselvesandoftheworld.Wefeelsafe.Wearenotalwaysinfearofdangerasintheprimitivesociety.Wethinkwearepowerfultoconquerthenatureaswellastheworld.Weneedmoreinter-communication.Therefore,wedon’tneedtheheavywallstoprotectourselvesfromdanger,toconfineourselvestightly/closely.Wedon’tneedanybarrierstoseparateourselvesfromtheoutsideworld.
So,wallsarenotbarriersinourmoderntime.
In-readinginterpretation
Comp.1-MainIdea:
B.Architectureisanexpressionofpeople’smentality;therefore,changesintheirviewoftheworldandofthemselvesareboundtobemirroredinarchitecture.
Inotherwords,changesinpeople’sviewincurchangesinarchitecturaldesignsofwallsandinthefunctionsthewallsserveaswell.
So,contrastsinpeople’smentality,inwalldesigns,andinitsfunctionsaremadeinthistext.
Stepone
---Tospecifytheparas.inwhichcontrastsbetweenwallsasbarriersandwallsasscreensarefound.
Paras.3-5:
Thechangeinpeople’snotionofmoney,inthefunctionofthebank,andinitsarchitecturalfeatures.
Paras.6:
Classicalandnewcriticismofarchitecture
Paras.7-10:
Attitudetowardprivacyandpossiblehostilityfromwithoutinprimitiveandmodernworld
---Toorganizegroupwork,listingthecontrastsofalltheabove,andthenmakeclasspresentationswithnecessaryexplanations.
Paras.3-5:
Thechangeinpeople’snotionofmoney,inthefunctionofthebank,andinitsarchitecturalfeatures(comp.3-3)
Oldconceptions
Newconceptions
1)ofmoney:
atangiblecommodity-bullion,banknotes,
coins-thatcouldbehefted,carriedorstolen.
aproductofthecreativeimagination;
lesscashbeingused;
beinglargelyreplacedbycredit.
2)ofthearchitecturaldesignsofbanks:
animpregnableappearance-heavywalls,
barredwindows,andbronzedoors.
glasswallsbrilliantlylightedinside;(acubi-
calcageofglass)
thedoorbecomingawindowdisplay.
3)ofthefunctionofthebank:
asafe
invulnerability
aservice
imaginativepowers
Necessaryexplanation
---ofmoney:
1.Whatisthemeaningof‘custom’inline10?
(comp.2-2)
Itmeans‘regularpatronage’,businesspatronage,regularsupportgiventoatradesmanbythosewhobuyhisgoods.Inotherwords,itmeansthefrequent,orconstant,orregularpurchaseofthecustomers.
2.Adeficiteconomyaccompaniedbyhugeexpansion,hasledustothinkofmoneyasaproductofthecreativeimagination.
Adeficiteconomylargelyresultsfromhugeexpansion.AsweseefromtheAsiancurrencycrisis,overexpansion,oroverdevelopment,oroverinvestmentinrealestatebroughtabouttheeconomycrisisorthedevaluingincurrency,esp.inThailand.Becauseofthedeficiteconomy,thegovernmenthastoloanmoneyfromtheWorldBank,orothers.
---ofthearchitecturaldesignsofbanks:
1.Ifabuilding’sdesignmadeitappearimpregnable,theinstitutionwasnecessarilysound,andthemeaningoftheheavywallasanarchitecturalsymboldweltintheprevailingattitudetowardmoney,ratherthaninanyaesthetictheory.
Ifabuildingwasmadetolooksturdy/invulnerable,itwouldbeaccordinglyregardedasreliable,andthesignificanceofthethickwallswouldbemeasurednotbytheirarchitecticvalue,butbytheirseemingabilitytoprovideasafelocationformoney.
Or,ifabuildingwasdesignedtoappearunattackable,itwouldberegardedassafe,andthereasonforthearchitecturalfeatureoftheheavywallslayinpeople’sattitudetowardmoney,i.e.money,suchtangiblecommodity,shouldbekeptinaverysafeplace.Theheavywallswerenotdesignedtomeettheneedsofaesthetics,orforthepurposeofshowingthebeautyorthetaste.
---ofthefunctionofthebank:
1.aserviceinwhichthemostvaluableelementsaredashandacreativeflair
fortheinventionoflargenumbers.
aserviceinwhichmoneyincludingcoinsandbanknotebecomesactiveandvigorousasfarastheinventionofmoneyisconcerned.Inotherwords,moneyisnotalwayskeptinabankforsecurity;rather,itisinactiveandvigorouscirculation,beingusedtobuyandsellcommodities.
2.thisbankbyitsarchitectureboastsofitsimaginativepowers.
thebankinthiskindofarchitecturaldesign,i.e.withglasswalls,window-displaydoors,hasitsimaginativepowers.
3.itishardtosaywherearchitectureendsandhumanassertionbegins.
itishardtotellthedivisionbetweenarchitecturaldesignandpeople’smentality,fortheformeristheproductorthereflection/expressionofthelatter.
Paras.6:
1.Itisintheunderstandingofarchitectureasamediumfortheexpressionofhumanattitudes,prejudices,taboos,andidealsthatthenewarchitecturalcriticismdepartsfromtheclassicalaesthetics.
Fromthecontrastsgiveninthelastfewparas.,architectureisamediumfor
theexpressionofhumanattitudes,prejudices,taboos,andideals.Thisisthe
pointthatRwantstoillustratebydealingwiththechangesinparas.3-5.
Ifyouunderstandthispoint,youcanseparatethenewarchitecturalcriticismortheoryfromtheclassicalone.Or,youwillcometoknowthedifferencebetweenthenewarchitecturalcriticismortheoryandtheclassicalone.
2.HowdoesRcontrast‘classical’and‘new’theoriesofarchitecture?
(comp.3-4)
Thelatterrelieduponpureproportion,composition,etc.,asbasesforartisticjudgment.Intheageofsociologyandpsychology,wallsarenotsimplywallsbutphysicalsymbolsofthebarriersinmen’sminds.
composition:
arrangementintoproperproportionorrelationandesp.intoartisticform
Classicalaestheticsholdsthatconstructionsinpureproportionareregardedasthemostbeautiful,theexcellent.Mostoftheancientconstruction