国际商法教程案例翻译.docx

国际商法教程案例翻译.docx

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国际商法教程案例翻译

国际商法教程案例翻译

国际商法教程案例翻译

PharmaceuticalSocietyofGreatBritainv.BootsCash

Chemists（Sourhern）Ltd.

[1953]1Q.B.401,[1953]1AllE.R.482（C.A.）

Thedefendants,Boots,operatedaself-servicepharmacy.Onepartofthestorewascalledthe”ToiletDept.,”andanotherthe”Chemists‘Dept.”Onoeftheshelvesinthechemists'departmentdrugs,includingproprietarymedicines,weredisplayedinindividualpackagesorcontainerswithanindicationofthepriceofeach.Onesectionoftheshelvesinthechemists'deparementwasdevotedexclusivelytodrugswhichwereincludedin,orwhichcontainedsubstancesineludedin,PartIofthe

PoisonsAct,1933;…

Thedefendantss'taffincludedamanager,aregisteredpharmacist,threeassistantsandtwocashiers,andduringthetimewhenthepremiseswereopenforthesaleofdrugsthemanager,theregisteredpharmacist,andoneormoreoftheassistantswerepresentintheroom.Inordertoleavethepremisesthecustomerhadtopassbyoneoftwoexits,ateachofwhichwasacashdeskwhereacashierwasstationedwhoscrurinizedthearticlesselectedbythecustomer,assessedthevalueandacceptedpayment.Thechemists'departmentwasunderthepersonalcontroloftheregisteredpharmacist,whocarriedoutallhisdutiesatthepremisessubjecttothedirectionsofasuperintendentappointedbythedefendantsinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofsection9oftheAct.

Thepharmacistwasstationednearthepoisonsection,wherehiscertificateofregistrationwasconspicuouslydisplayed,andwasinviewofthecashdesks.Ineverycaseinvolvingthesaleofadrugthepharmacistsupervisedthatpartofthetransactionwhichtookplaceatthecashdeskandwasauthorizedbythedefendantstopreventatthatstageofthetransaction,ifhethoughtfit,anycustomerfromremovinganydrugfromthepremises.Nostepsweretakenbythedefendantstoinformthecustomers,beforetheyselected

anyarticlewhichtheywishedtopurchase,ofthepharmacist'sauthorization.

OnApril13,1951,atthedefendantspremises,twocustomers,followingtheprocedureoutlinedabove,respectivelypurchasedabottlecontainingamedicineknownascompoundsyrupofhypophosphites,containing0.01%W/Vstrychnine,andabottlecontainingmedicineknownasfamelsyrup,containing0.23%W/Vcodeine,bothofwhichsubstancesarepoisonsineludedinPartIofthePoisonsList…

ThequestionfortheopinionofthecourtwaswhetherthesalesinstancedonApril13,1951,wereeffectedbyorunderthesupervisionofaregisteredpharmacist,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofsection18

（1）（a）（iii）ofthePharmacyandPoisonsAct.1933.

TheLordChiefJusticeansweredthequestionintheaffirmative[[1952]2Q.B.795,[1952]2All

E.R.456].ThePharmaceuticalSocietyappealed.

SomervellL.J….TheplaintiffsarethePhaimaceuticalSociety,incorporatedbyRoyalcharter.OneoftheirdutiesistotakeallreasonablestepstoenforcetheprovisionsoftheAct.Theprovisioninquestioniscontainedinsection18.[HisLordshipreadthesection,statedthefacts,andcontinued:

]Itisnotdisputedthatinachemist'sshopwherethisself-servicesystemdoesnotprevailacustomermaygoinandaskayoungwomanassistant,whowillnotherselfbearegisteredpharmacist,foroneofthesearticlesonthelist,andthetransationmaybecompletedandthearticlepaidfor,althoughtheregisteredpharmacist,whowillnodoubtbeonthepremises,willnotknowanythinghimselfofthetransaction,unlesstheassistantservingthecustomer,orthecustomer,requirestoputaquestiontohim.ItisrightthatIshouldemphasize,asdidtheLordChiefJustice,thatthesearenotdangerousdrugs.Theyaresubstanceswhichcontainverysmallproportionsofpoison,andIimaginethatmanyofthemarethetypeofdrugwhichhasawarningastowhatdosesaretobetaken.Theyaredrugswhichcanbeobtained,underthelaw,withoutadoctor'sprescription.

Thepointtakenbytheplaintiffsisthis:

itissaidthatthepurchaseiscompleteifandwhenacustomergoingroundtheshelvestakesanarticleandthattherefore,ifthatisright,whenthecustomercomestothepaydesk,havingcompletedthetourofthepremises,theregisteredpharmacist,ifsominded,hasnopowertosay:

”Thisdrugoughtnottobesoldtothiscustomer.”Whetherandinwhatcircumstanceshewouldhavethatpowerweneednotinquire,butonecan,ofcourse,seethatthereisadifferenceifsupervisioncanonlybeexercisedatatimewhenthecontractiscompleted,

IagreewiththeLordChiefJusticeineverythingthathesaid,butIwillputthemattershortlyinmyownwords.Whethertheviewcontendedforbytheplaintiffsisarightviewdependsonwhatarethelegalimplicationsofthislayout—theinvitationtothecustomer.Isacontracttoberegardedasbeingcompletedwhenthearticleisputintothereceptacle,oristhistoberegardedasamoreorganizedwayofdoingwhatisdonealreadyinmanytypesofshops-andabooksellerisperhapsthebestexample-namely,enablingcustomerstohavefreeaccesstowhatisintheshop,tolookatthedifferentarticles,andthen,ultimately,havinggottheoneswhichtheywishtobuy,tocomeuptotheassistantsayingwantthis?

”Theassistantin999timesoutof1,000says“Thatisallright,”andthemoneypassesandthetransactioniscompleted.Iagree・・・thatinthecaseofanordinaryshop,althoughgoodsaredisplayedanditisintendedthatcustomersshouldgoandchoosewhattheywant,thecontractisnotcompleteduntil,thecustomerhavingindicatedthearticleswhichheneeds,theshopkeeper,orsomeoneonhisbehalf,acceptsthatoffer.Thenthecontractiscompleted.Icanseenoreasonatall,thatbeingclearlythenormalposition,fordrawinganydiffererntimplicationasaresultofthislayout.TheLordChiefJustice,Ithink,expressedoneofthemostformidabledifficultiesinthewayoftheplaintiffsco'ntentionwhenhepointedoutthat,iftheplaintiffsareright,onceanarticlehasbeenplacedinthereceptaclethecustomerhimselfisboundandwouldhavenoright,withoutpayingforthefirstarticle,tosubstituteanarticlewhichhesawlaterofasimilarkindandwhichheperhapspreferred.Icanseenoreasonforimplyingfromthisself—servicearrangementanyimplicationotherthan...thatitisaconvenientmethodofenablingcustomerstoseewhatthereisandchoose,andpossiblyputbackandsubstitute,articleswhichtheywishtohave,andthentogouptothecashierandoffertobuywhattheyhavesofarchosen.Onthatconclusionthecasefails,becauseitisadmittedthattherewassupervisioninthesenserequiredbytheActandattheappropriatemomentoftime.Forthesereasons,inmyopinion,theappealshouldbedismissed.

BirkettL.J.[notedthatitwasthedutyofthePharmaceuticalSocieytoenforcethispartoftheActandcontinued:

]Thetwowomencustomersinthiscaseeachtookaparticularpackagecontainingpoisonfromtheparticularshelf,putitintoherbasket,cametotheexitandtherepaid.Itissaid,ontheonehand,thatwhenthecustomertakesthepackagefromthepoisonsectionandputsitintoherbasketthesalethereandthentakeplace.Ontheotherhand,itissaidthedoesnottakeplaceuntilthatcustomer,whohasplacedthatpackageinthebasket,comestotheexit.

TheLordChiefJusticedealtwiththematterinthisway,andIwouldliketodaopthiswords[[1952]2Q.B.795at802]:

Itseemstome,therefore,thatthetransactionisinnowaydifferentfromthenormaltransactioninashopinwhichthereisnoself--servicescheme.Iamquitesatisfieditwouldbewrongtosaythattheshopkeeperismakinganoffertoselleveryarticleintheshopuoanypersonwhomightcomeinandthatthatpersoncaninsistonbuyinganyarticlebysaying“Iacceptyouroffer.”

Thenhewentontodealwiththeillustrationofthebookshop,andcontinued:

Therefore,inmyopinion,themerefactthatacustomerpicksupabottleofmedicinefromtheshelvesinthiscasedoesnotamounttoanacceptanceofanoffertosell.Itisanofferbythecustomertobuyandthereisnosaleeffecteduntilthebuyer'soffertobuyisacceptedbythe

acceptanceoftheprice.Theoffer,theacceptanceoftheprice,andthereforethesaletakeplaceunderthesupervisionofthepharmacist.Thatissufficienttosatisfytherequirementsofthesectionforbyusingthewords“thesaleiseffectedby,orunderthesupervisionof,aregisteredpharmacist”theActenvisagesthathesalemaybeeffectedbysomeonenotapharmacist.Ithink,too,thatthesaleiseffectedunderhissupervisionifheisinapositiontosay“Youmustnothavethat:

thatcontainspoison,so”thatinanycase,evenifIwerewrongintheviewthatIhavetakenonthequestionastowhenthesalewascompleted,anditwascompleted,anditwascompletedwhenthecustomertookthearticlefromtheshelf,itwouldstillbeeffectedunderthesupervisionofthepharmacistwithinthemeaningofsection18.Iagreewiththat,andIagreethatthisappealoughttobedismissed.

[RomerL.J.deliveredaconcurringjudgment.]医药学会大不列颠诉靴现金化学家（sourhern）有限公司被告，靴子，开办了一个自我-服务药房。

一部份商店被称为“卫生部，”另一个“化学家”部。

”一个架子在化学系药物，包括专利的药品，显示在每个包装或容器的指示每一个价格。

一部分的货架的化学家处是专门为药物，其中包括在，或其中部分包括物质，1的毒药，1933;…被告的工作人员包括一个经理，注册药剂师，三助理和2名收银员，并在当时的房屋开放药品销售经理，注册药剂师，和一个或更多的助手们在房间。

要离开单位客户已通过一个出口，在其中每个现金出纳台，驻扎谁scrurinized文章由客户选定，评估的价值和接受的付款。

化学家部是根据个人控制的注册药剂师，谁进行了所有他的职责在房屋的指示者由被告根据本法第9行为。

药剂师驻守附近的毒药，在其注册证明书是突出显示，并鉴于现金桌。

在每一个案件涉及出售毒品药剂师监督，交易的一部分发生在收款台和被授权的被告以防止在这个阶段的交易，如果他认为合适的任何客户，消除任何药物的处所。

没有采取了步骤，由被告人检举客户，才选定任何文章，他们希望购买的，药剂师的授权。

1951年4月13日，在被告的处所，两家客户后，上述程序，分别购买了一瓶含有医学上称为次磷酸盐复合糖浆，含0.01%瓦特/五宁，和一瓶