英文昆虫馆解说词CommentaryofInsectExhibitionHall.docx

英文昆虫馆解说词CommentaryofInsectExhibitionHall.docx

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英文昆虫馆解说词CommentaryofInsectExhibitionHall

CommentaryofInsectExhibitionHall

Hi,everyone,welcometoInsectMuseumofNorthwestA&FUniversity.I’myourguideXXX.Ourmuseumisthefirstnationalinsectmuseum,andwasbuiltin1987.Now,ithasbecomethebiggestintheworld.Themuseumholdsfourexhibitionhalls:

‘insect’slife’,‘insect’sfamily’,‘Insectandhuman’,‘ProfessorChouIO.’

Thepictureinfrontofusshowsustheancienthistoryofinsects,whichstartedfromDevonianperiod，350，000，000yearsago,nearly100,000,000yearsearlierthantheappearanceofdinosaur.Herewehaveafossilofdragonfly,whichisaverygoodproofofinsect’slonghistory.

Allinsectsmusthave:

threebodyparts：

ahead,thorax,andabdomen；sixjointedlegs；twoantennaetosensetheworldaroundthem；anoutsideskeleton。

Ifallfourofthesethingsarenottrue,thentheanimalcan'tbecalledaninsect!

Centipedes,millipedes,scorpionsandspiders,aresometimestakenasinsectswrongly.Actuallytheyarenotinsectsbecausetheyhavemorethansixlegs.

Insect'sheadistheanteriorpartofanadultinsect.Itbearstheeyes（usuallyapairofcompoundeyes）,theantennaeandthemouthparts.

Themostdistinguishingcharacteristicofaninsect'sheadisthemouthparts.Therearedifferenttypesofitbecauseofdifferentfunctions.

Themouthpartsofadultinsectscanbeofdifferenttypes:

chewingtype,forexampleingrasshoppersandbeetles;suckingmouthparts,whichshapelikestyletinbugsandaphidsorshapelikeacoiledtongueinbutterfliesandmoths.Thedifferenttypesofmouthpartsdeterminehowtheinsectfeeds.

Mostadultinsectshavetwocompoundeyes.Theyusuallyoccupyaconsiderableareaofthehead.Someinsectshave,besidethecompoundeyes,threesimpleeyesonthetopoftheirhead,whichareverydifferentfromourhumaneyes.Eachcompoundeyeconsistsofmanysix-facetedindependentsingleeyes.Itisbelievedthatthiseyesstructureisverysensitivetomovingobjects.Dragonfliesandprayingmantidsgreatlydependontheireyesight.

Fortheinsectslivingundergroundorinacompletedarkness,theymayhaveverysmalleyesorsomeevenhavenoeyesatall.

Herewehavesomemodelsofdifferentantennae.

Theyarelinear,pinnateorclubbed.

Aninsectobtainscrucialinformationaboutitssurroundingsbymeansofitsantennae,whichextendfromthefrontofthehead,usuallybetweenandslightlyabovetheinsect'seyes.Theantennae’sprimarilyfunctionistoprovideinsectswithasensitivesenseofsmell.Besides,antennaecanalsobeusedtofeelandtaste.

Adultinsectshave6legs,whicharesegmented.Oftenthelastsegmentofthelegbearsasmallclaw.Insomeinsects,thelegsarespeciallyadaptedforjumping.

Mostadultinsectshave2pairsofwings,butsome（forexampleflies）haveonly1pairofwings.Usuallythewingsaremembranousbutinsomeinsectstheycanbeleatheryorhard.Sometimesthewingsbearhairsorsmallscales.

Mostspeciesofinsectshavemalesandfemalesthatmateandreproducesexually.Howeversometypesofinsectscanreproducewithoutfertilizations,whicharecalledparthenogenesis.Mostinsectslayeggsinasuitableenvironment,butsomegivebirthtolivingyoung.

Nearlyallinsects’growthinvolvesametamorphosis,thatis,atransformationinformandinwayoflife.Therearetwotypesofmetamorphosistypicalofinsects:

incompletemetamorphosisandcompletemetamorphosis.

Incompletemetamorphosiscoversthreestages:

egg,nymph,adult.Cricketsandgrasshoppersareofthiskind.

Completemetamorphosiscoversfourstages:

Egg,larva,pupa（withinaprotectivecocoonorhardenedcase）,adult.Itistypicalofbeetles,flies,moths,andwasps.

Soundmakingininsectsisachievedmostlybymechanicalactionofappendagesortheuseofwingmovement.Forgrasshoppersandcricketsthisisachievedbyrubbingbodypartstogether,whichiscalledstridulation.Cicadashavetheloudestsoundsamongtheinsects.

Mostsoundmakinginsectsalsohavetympanalorgansthatcanperceiveairbornesounds.

Socialinsects

Insectsdisplayawiderangeofbehaviors.Mostinsectsaresolitary,butsomeformorganizedsocieties.Themostfamiliarexamplesareants,bees,wasps,aswellastermites,allwithreproductivequeens,workersandsoldiers.

Insectmigrationhasbeenarecognizedphenomenon.PerhapsthebestknownandmoststudiedinsectmigrantistheMonarchbutterfly.

Thehabitatsofinsectsareverydiverse.Wecanjustaboutfindinsectsinallkindsofenvironment.

Someinsectsarevegetal;someareflesh-eaters,somecaustic,andsomepolyphagia.

Sinceinsectsaresmallinsize,theyareoftenvulnerabletomanybiganimals.Butinsectshavetheirowndefensestrategies,suchasmechanicaldefense,chemicaldefense,camouflage,mimicryandcolor.

Thebestwayforaninsecttohidefromsomethingthatwantstoeatit,orsneakuponitsdinner,istopretendtobesomethingelse!

So,lookinglikeastick,aleaf,oraflowerisveryuseful!

ThisisProfessorCHOUIO,whowastheforefounderofthemuseumandwasrenowndomesticandabroadforhiscontributiontoentomology.

Tomakeiteasierforustostudyinsectsofdifferentspecies,weusuallyclassifytheminto33differentcategories.Herewehavesamplesandpicturesoftypicalinsects.

Herewehavesomesamplesofmothsandbutterflies.Theyareconfusable.Solet’strytodistinguishthem.

1Themostobviousdifferenceisinthefeelers,orantennae.Mostbutterflieshavethinslenderfilamentousantennaewhichareclubshapedattheend.Moths,ontheotherhand,oftenhavecomb-likeorfeatheryantennae.

2Mothstendtohavestoutandhairyorfurry-lookingbodies,whilebutterflieshaveslenderandsmootherabdomens.

3Mothsusuallyrestwiththeirwingsspreadouttotheirsides.Butterfliesfrequentlyfoldtheirwingsabovetheirbackswhentheyareperched。

4Mostmothsarenocturnalorcrepuscularwhilemostbutterfliesarediurnal.

5Mostmothcaterpillarsspinacocoonmadeofsilkwithinwhichtheymetamorphoseintothepupalstage.Mostbutterfliesontheotherhandformanexposedpupawhichisalsotermedasachrysalis.

Herewehaveacollectionofbeautifulbutterflysamples.Theyarefromallovertheworld.AmongwhichMorphoHelenaisthemostbeautifulbutterflyintheworld,andthemostexpensiveonewhichamountsto360thousandYuan.Herewe’vegotChina’snationalbutterfly-Teinopalpusaureuswhichisconsideredthenationaltreasureasthepandais.ItisfoundmainlyinGuangxiandFujianprovinces.Theyhaveveryshortlifespanof3to5

days;thereforeitisrarerthanthepanda.

Thesebeautifulhandicraftsaremadeofbutterflywings.Themiddleonewiththeelegantladyismadeupofover5000butterflywings.That’sreallyamazing

Nowpleasefollowmetothesecondfloor.

Hereyoucanseethreepicturesmadeofwingsofbutterflies.Themiddleoneconsistedof7988well-knownBrazilianBlueMorphobutterflies.

Thethirdhall:

Theinsectandhumanbeing

Asweknow,theinsecthasbeeninexistenceforaverylongtimeanunavoidablybeeninvolvedinhumanlife.Thisrelationshipisverycomplex.Onofthereasonsledtoitscomplexityisthattheinsectseatavarietyoffoods.Someeatplants,someeatotherinsects,someareparasitictootheranimals’bodies,andsomeeattheputrefactionofthebiologicalorganisms.Ingeneral,therelationshipbetweenhumanandinsectsisdividedintotwoaspects:

oneisthathumankillsandcontrolstheharmfulinsects;theotherishumanexplorestheavailabilityofsomeinsectssoastoservethehuman.

Theinsectsarecloselyrelatedtothehumandiseases.Itisestimatedthat2/3epidemicdiseasesarespreadbyinsectswhicharecalledsanitaryinsectpests.Forinstance,fly,mosquito,bug,fleaandcootie.Thewell-knownBlackDiseaseprevailedinEuropeinthe14thcenturywerespreadbyfleas.

Alleconomicplantscultivatedbyhumanarethefoodofinsects.Thisshowstandtellsussomeinsectsofagricultureandforestry,suchasgrasshopper,stemborers,Americanwhitemoth,cottonbollworm,longhornbeetle,blackcutworm,importedcabbagewormandelater.Thelossmadebytheseinsectseachyearisastonishing;therefore,theyshouldbepreventedandcontrolled.Whenthecropsarestoredandtransportedaftertheharvest,theyareinvadedbythepestsaswell.Itisverycommonandseriousthattheinsectsresultintheheavylosstocropsworldwide.Soinordertoavoidtheepidemicdiseasesinlargescales,thequarantineofanimalsandplantsshouldbedonesoastoeliminatetheharmtohuman.

Nowwhatyoucanseeistheavailabilityofinsects.

Chinaranksfirstinraisingbeesaswellasproducingandexportingbeeproducts.Byvisitingflowers,beesserveasagentsofcross-pollination.Theyareofinestimableimportanceinthepollinationofcropsandinpollinationofthenaturalflora.Theiractivityisthusvital,notonlydirectlyforthehumanfoodsupply,butalsoforland,water,andanimalresources.Withoutcrosspollinationtheabundanceandvarietyoffoodandflowerswouldnotexist.

Silkinsects,about400to500species,aretheinsectscanproducecocoonwhichisusefultohuman.Butnowonly8to9speciesareemployedincommercialproduction.Forexample:

silkworm,tussah,cassahsilkworm,Japaneseoaksilkworm,mungasilkworm,Caligulajaponica,Attacusatlas,andailanthus.Amongwhich,thesilkwormhasalargescaleofproduction.

ItiswellknownthatsilkisfirstdiscoveredinChinaasoneofthebestmaterialsforclothing-ithasalookandfeelingofrichnessthatnoothermaterialscanmatch.However,veryfewpeopleknowwhenorwhereorhowitisdiscovered.Actually,itcoulddatebacktothe30thCentury