专八改错大全.docx
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专八改错大全
看完这篇攻略后,相信你不会再迷茫~~
改错是一道基础性题目,考查的是基础语言能力,因为专八没有单项选择题(语法、词汇),所以对基础能力的考查都放在改错这一道题目上。
改错主要考查:
1.语法是否扎实;2.词汇掌握是否丰富,词汇的搭配与用法;3.对篇章结构(句子间逻辑关系)是否敏感
以下八大高频考点的分类出自《华研·专八人文知识与改错》,现将八大类错误整理如下,主要包括:
1.短语搭配错误;2.易混词错误;3.逻辑关系错误;4.代词错误(一致错误);5.冠词错误;6.形容词和副词使用错误;7.成分残缺或冗余;8.动词时态或语态错误。
笔者认为这八类错误基本涵盖了改错考试中出现的错误,首先了解错误类型,对应对改错具有重要意义。
另外,笔者在总结《华研·专八人文知识与改错》和《星火·专八改错满分突破60篇》两本练习册中近100篇改错题的基础上,搜集其中出现的所有典型错误例子(语法词汇类错误居多),并根据所属错误类型整理如下。
(注意:
带—>的表示前边的是错误的,后边的是改正之后的;其他的没有正确错误之分)
1.短语搭配错误(大部分为介词错误)
carry/getwiththings–>carry/getonwiththings
toletalone–>letalone
inreturnto–>inreturnfor
theneedof–>theneedfor
substituteAwithB–>substituteAforB
account70%-->accountfor70%
underthegroundsof/that–>onthegroundsof/that
attitudeonlife–>attitudetowards/tolife
inaquickspeed–>ataquickspeed
withmanyrespects–>inmanyrespects
atthefaceof–>intheface(s)of
considerationsto…–>considerationsfor…
becomevictimsof…-->becomevictimsto…
rideinatrain–>rideonatrain
theproblemswiththegovernment–>theproblemsforthegovernment
resistiveagainst–>resistiveto
resistanceof–>resistanceto
embarksth–>embarkonsth
withthebeliefthat–>inthebeliefthat
atadvanceofsth–>inadvanceofsth
interpret…to–>interpret…as
inlineto–>inlinewith
tovaringdegrees–>invaringdegrees
takeprideof–>takepridein
leapouttome–>leapoutatme
injectthemlethalstrains–>injectthemwithlethalstrains
chargehimwiththesameprice–>chargehimthesameprice
imbalanceofAandB–>imbalancebetweenAandB
shortageofproteinwiththem–>shartageofproteinamongthem
fortifysbforsth–>fortifysbagainststh(加强…以抵御…)
shedlighttosth–>shedlightonsth
inproportionwith–>inproportionto
payforitwithdollars–>payforitindollars
beinlibertyto–>beatlibertyto
beginatdoing–>beginwithdoing
becontrastedto–>becontrastedwith
commitanoffenceto–>commitanoffenceagainst
moderntime–>moderntimes
abilityof(doing)sth–>abilityin(doing)sth
defendsthagainst–>defendsthfrom
atthefirstplace–>inthefirstplace
paymoneyindoing–>paymoneyfordoing
taketodo–>taketodoing(“求助于,开始”,to为介词)
yearnto–>yearnfor
ataverage–>onaverage
identifyoneselfto–>identifyoneselfwith
besuccessfulondoing–>besuccessfulat/indoing
getone’steethon–>getone’steethinto(埋头做,认真做)
theactionofformation–>theactionofforming(of后应接动名词而非名词)
approachtodo…–>approachtodoing…
onecontributorof–>onecontributorto
consumersdemandofluxurygoods–>consumersdemandforluxurygoods
onone’s30s–>inone’s30s
balkto–>balkat(回避,绕过)
differAfromB–>distinguishAfromB
suittosb/sth–>suitforsb/sth
varyby–varywith
emphasisof–emphasison
2.易混词错误
(1)形近异义词
imaginative–imaginary
adapt–adopt
confirm–conform
former–formal
diary–dairy
personal–personnel
beside–besides
principal–principle
intelligent–intelligible
conscious–conscientious
stationary–stationery
considerate–considerable
affect(影响)–effect(致使、达成)
contact–contract
moral–morale
industrious–industrial
desert–dessert
require–acquire–inquire
presence–presentation
sensible–sensitive
transformation–transmission
value–evaluate
tense–tension
anything–something
cooker–cook
complexity(复杂性)–complex(合成体)
insurance–assurance
provide(提供)–provided/providing(假设,如果)
perceive–conceive
effective(有效的)–affective(受…影响的,由…引起的)
(2)形近(形异)近义词
latter–later
late(迟的,已故的)–latest(最晚的,最新的)
farther(距离更远)–further(程度更进一步)
healthy(健康的)–healthful(有益健康的)
effective–efficient
continual(连续的)–continuous(持续不断的)
respectable–respectful
historic–historical
rise–arise–raise–arouse
sure–insure–ensure–assure
inreturnto–inresponseto
opposite–opposition
producing–productive
lonely–alone
across–cross
impressed--impressive
permit(n.通行证)–permission
relating–related
memorizing–memorable
normal(n.常态,通常标准,一般水平)–norm(规范,行为标准)
favorite–favorable
acceptability–acceptance
economical–economic
few–little
afew–few
little–alittle
invent–discover
before–ago
another–other
agent(代理人)–agency(代理机构)
reward(回馈)–award(奖赏)
special–specific
(3)兼有两种形式的副词
firstly–first(firstly用于列举条目或者表示顺序,first表示时间上“第一次、首次”)
hardly(几乎不)–hard(努力地)
sure–surely
late–lately
clear(完全地、径直地)–clearly(显然、清楚地)
high(高度高地)–highly(程度高地、非常)
close(接近地、紧密地)–closely(紧密地、严密地)
most(最)–most(大部分)
(4)反义词
with–without
possible–impossible
subjective–objective
import–export
better–worse
employee–employer
employment–unemployment
modifiable–unmodifiable
natural–unnatural
discernable–indiscernable
lent–borrowed
exclusive–inclusive
independency–dependency
willing–unwilling
nothingmorethan–nothinglessthan
agree–disagree
rarely–frequently/often
specific–general
less–more(stillmore–stillless)
most–least
known–unknown
respective–irrespective(irrespectiveof表示“不管…”)
majority–minority
resultin–resultfrom
fortunately--unfortunately
powerful–powerless
easiness–uneasiness
professional–amateur
aware–unaware
include–exclude
(5)名词单复数异义
moral–morals(作名词时用复数形式,表示“道德、伦理”)
collection(不可数名词表示“各种因素集合体”)–collections(可数名词表示“收藏品”)
manner(方法,方式)–manners(礼仪,礼节)
saving–savings(复数表示“存款”)
specie(硬币)–species(种类)(species只有单数)
mean(n.平均值)–means(方法)
(6)易混短语
livewith(同…一起生活,忍受)–liveby(靠…过活)
goabout(doing)sth(开始做某事,四处走动,流传,经常从事于)–goaround(四处走动,绕道走)
tendto–intendto
innextweek(以当下时间为基准点)–inthenextweek(以过去的时间为基准点)
spend…indoingsth–spend…onsth
dieof(内部)–diefrom(外部)
ratherthan–otherthan
havesbdosth–havesthdone
takeon(从事,开始对付,呈现)–goon(继续)
takeplace–taketheplaceof
consistin(在于)–consistof(包括)
inall(总共)–afterall(毕竟)
inreturn(作为报答)–inturn(反过来,轮流)
onereasonfor+短语–onereasonwhy+句子
bringout(使显露,使显现)–bringup(教育,培养,提出,(船)抵达目的地)
beworthdoing–beworthwhiletodo
reactto(对…作出反应)–reactwith(以…作出反应)
apply…to(将…应用于)–applyfor(请求,申请)
3.逻辑关系错误(连词使用错误)
therefore–nevertheless/however(大部分therefore都要改为however,反之亦然)
and–but/while
or–and
but–because
moreover–however
after–before
since–although
thereisno…–thereisalso…
that–if
fromnowon–fromthenon
all–none
besides–yet
if–unless
besides–except
therefore–because
so–because
sodoeshe…–neither/nordoeshe…
that’swhy+结果–that’sbecause+原因
asif–evenif
whether–if
4.代词错误(一致错误)
their–its
that–those(需要特别注意)
which–that(有些情况下关系代词只能用that)
which–what
it–itself(主宾相同,宾语用反身代词)
that/this–it(只有it可作形式主语)
his–one’s(泛指时用one)
you–yourself
it–they
this–such
XXislesssophisticatedthanwhattheyaretoday–XXislesssophisticatedthantheyaretoday
5.冠词错误
(1)定冠词多余
ontheeitherside–>oneitherside
intheEurope–>inEurope
inthewinter–>inwinter(季节前不加定冠词)
Kaufman,the/anauthorofarecentbook–Kaufman,authorofarecentbook(同位语间完全对等关系,不必使用冠词)
taketheissue–>takeissue(对…持异议,不同意)
(2)定冠词缺漏
amongmost–>amongthemost
oneoffirst–>oneofthefirst
atmosphere–>theatmosphere(表示独一无二的事物)(另外还有如:
theEquator,theOuterspace)
betweenusandrest–>betweenusandtherest
inminority–>intheminority
aroundfloor–>aroundthefloor
piano–>thepiano(西洋乐器的前面要有定冠词)
Englishlanguage–>theEnglishlanguage
atheartof–>attheheartof
world–>theworld(表示“地球”这种独一无二的事物要加定冠词)
inlongrun–>inthelongrun
(3)定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用
illustratethefurtherdifference–>illustrateafurtherdifference(diference第一次提及)
注意以下短语的区别
inchurch–inthechurch
atcollege–atthecollege
incourt–inthecourt
inhospital–inthehospital
inoffice–intheoffice
inprison–intheprison
atsea–atthesea
inschool–intheschool
attable–atthetable
6.形容词与副词使用错误
havebeencurrently–>current
bewellequippedas–>beaswellequippedas
heavyindustrialized–>heavily-industrialized
spreadcolossal–>spreadcolossally
similarstrong–>similarlystrong
keepthenumberconstantlyatXayear–>keepnumberconstantatXayear
feelhopelessthwarted–>feelhopelesslythwarted
comparativehighproportion–>comparativelyhighproportion
(quakes)startdeeplyintheearth–>startdeepintheearth
inthepassed5years–>inthepast5years
cultureembeddedattitudes–>culturallyembeddedattitudes
asmuchas–>asoftenas
fromonemeterafar–>fromonemeteraway
increasing–>increasingly
simple–>simply
pure–>purely
much–>many
many–>more
large–>larger
early–>earlier
7.成分残缺或多余(单复数错误)
aworldwhichIcouldget…–>aworldinwhichIcouldget…
shows–>thatshows(先行词在定语从句中作主语,关系代词不可省略)
takeforgrantedthat–>takeitforgratedthat
1980–1980s
oneofthemostglaringform–>oneofthemistglaringforms
theirjobsengageintheirinterest–>theirjobsengagetheirinterest(engage单独使用表示“占用(某人时间),吸引(某人注意力)”)
complainaboutsth–>complainsth
worksth–>workoutsth
believein–believe(believe单独使用表示一般的“相信”,believein表示“信任某人,信仰…”)
pointsth–>pointoutsth
20percents–>20percent
eyescontact–>eyecontact
seven–seventh
theprocesswhichitfunction–>theprocessbywhichitfunction
communicationservice–>communicationsservice(通信服务、通讯服务)
averageincomes–>averageincome(income为不可数名词)
thelikeof–>thelikesof(诸如此类的)
bereferredtoXX–>bereferredtoasXX
beviewedasworkofare–>beviewedasaworkofart(work作为“作品”讲时,为可数名词)
8.时态或语态错误
went–go
agreeing–agreed
consisted–consisting
bored–boring
favoring–f