被动语态专项.docx
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被动语态专项
被动语态专项
考点1.被动语态的构成：
英语动词有两种语态：
主动语态和被动语态。
1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,
2.或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
被动语态结构：
be+过去分词（PP）+（by…）
在改写中应注意：
1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;
2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;
3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。
请写出以下时态的被动语态
时态
动词形式
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
练习
高效复习P102
考点2.含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态结构为：
情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。
如：
Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石头制造。
考点3.被动语态的用法
1.不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
2。
当更加强调动作的承受者时。
此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。
Theroomhasn'tbeencleanedyet.房间还没有打扫。
Thetigerwaskilledbyhim.老虎被他杀死了。
3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。
如：
Thewindowwasblownbywind.窗户被风吹开了。
Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说明常用"Itis+过去分词."句型。
ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
Itisbelievedthatheisaspy.（=Heisbelievedtobeaspy.）大家相信他是个间谍。
其它常见的"Itis+过去分词+that"句型还有
Itisreportedthat…据报道
Itissaidthat…据说
Itisbelievedthat…大家相信
Itissuggestedthat…有人建议
考点4.主动语态与被动语态的转换
1.Theysetupthishospitalin1975.
————————————————
主动句中的主语如果是people,we,you,they,somebody等含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"的单词，变为被动句时，通常删去"by…"，但原主语被强调者除外。
2.SallytaughtusAmericanliteraturelastyear.______________________________________
______________________________________
give,send,take,bring,get等带有两个宾语，变为被动语态时可将其中一个宾语改为主语，另一个保留不动，被保留的间接宾语前通常加to.
Motherhasboughtmeanewbike.
______________________________________
buy,make,find,get等在被动语态中被保留的间接宾语前通常加for.
特别注意:
HewroteKobaalongletter.
Shetoldmewhentheprojectwouldstart.
________________________________________
并非的间接宾语都可以转化为被动语态,宾语从句一般不可作为被动句的主语。
3.Wecallthiskindofflowercarnation.
_________________________________
Weconsideritwrongtoshoutatchildrenwhomakemistakes.
_______________________________________
Youdon’thavetomakePeterworkhard.
________________________________________
see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make,listento,lookat等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。
考点5.主动结构表被动意义
1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等词做不及物动词是，主语为物，用主动语态表被动意义。
Thiskindofshirtsellswellhere.
2.look,,smell,sound,taste等系动词主动语态表被动意义。
Mooncakestastedelicious.
3.want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+tobedone.
Mybikeneedsrepairing.
不用被动语态的情况
1.主动句的宾语是eachother或反身代词，
ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.White.
TheyhelpeachotherstudyEnglish.
2.当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词是，
Wewillhaveameeting.
3.主动句的宾语是不定式或doing时，
MybrotherenjoyswatchingTV.
Heaskedtohaveatry.
练习：
1.Goodbooks____againandagain.
A.shouldbereadedB.shouldberead
C.mustread D.oughttoread
2.Thechildren____bythenurse.
A.werelooked B.lookedafter
C.werelookedafterD.looked
3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.
A.gave,didn'tlisten B.wasgiven,wasn'tlistened C.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten
4.When____theaccident_____?
A.was,happen B.did,happen
C.is,happen D.was,happened
5.Thequestion____byussoon.
A.isgoingtodiscuss B.willdiscuss C.isgoingtobediscussed
D.hasbeendiscussed
6.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.
A.wasbuilded B.wasbuilt
C.builds D.hasbeenbuilt
7.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.
A.havesetup B.havebeensetup
C.weresetup D.setup
8.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.
A.hadfinished B.havefinished C.hadbeenfinished D.havebeenfinished
9.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.
A.is…grown B.is…grew
C.was…grew D.was…grown
10.He____bytheteachers.
A.isalwayspraised B.praises C.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised
11.Greatchanges____place.Manynewschools____ .
A.havetaken,havebeenopened B.take,areopen C.aretaken,open D.havebeentaken,areopened
12.Thepicture______ inOctober,1996.
A.wastaking B.hadbeentaken C.wastaken D.hadtaken
13.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.
A.hasbeenrepaired B.isrepairing C.isrepaired D.isbeingrepaired
14.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.
A.wasshown B.showed C.haveshown D.wasshowing
15.Thewar______in1941.
A.brokeout B.hadbeenbrokenout C.wasbrokenout D.hadbrokenout
16.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapour.
A.isheated B.heating C.hasheated D.heats
17.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.
A.locked B.locks C.islocked D.islocking
18.They______dayandnight.
A.aremadework B.aremadetowork C.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork
19.Chang'anRoadis______ofpeople.
A.filled B.fill C.full D.fulled
20.Man-madesatellites______intospacebymanycountries.
A.wassentup B.issentup C.havebeensentup D.hasbeensentup
21.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.
A.is,singing B.is,sung C.will,sing D.was,sung
22.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.
A.mustclean B.havecleaned C.iscleaned D.arecleaned
23.When______thePeople'sRepublicofChina_____?
A.was,found B.was,founded C.did,found D.does,found
24.Mary'sradio______bymybrotherjustnow.
A.willbemended B.hasmended C.wasmended D.mended
25.Yourexercisebooks_____afterclass.
A.willhandin B.musthandin C.handedin D.mustbehandedin
26.Sometreesmay______atothertimesoftheyear.
A.beplanted B.plant C.areplanted D.willbeplanted
27.Thesun_____atnightasusual.
A.canbeseen B.can'tsee C.can'tbeseen D.doesn'tsee
28.AnewEnglish play_____therenextweek.
A.willputon B.willbeputon C.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon
29.Astrangething_____inourschoolyesterday.
A.washappened B.hasbeenhappened C.happened D.wasgoingtohappen
30.Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.
A.broke,isbroken B.isbroken,wasbroken C.wasbroken,broke D.hasbeenbroken,broken
Ⅱ把下列句子改为被动语态
1.Isawtheboyrunyesterday.
2.Hetoldmethathewouldcomebacksoon.
3.Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.
4.Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?
5.Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight.
6.Ithinkthatheisright.
7.Hehadnotthrownthebadfood.
8.Motherwasnotmendingthetrousers.
9.TheywouldnottakehimtoBeijing.
10.Nobodyknewmeinthistownatthattime.
参考答案
Ⅰ单项选择
1.B2.C3.D4.B5.C
6.B7.B8.A9.A10.A
11.A12.C13.D14.A15.A
16.A17.C18.B19.C20.C
21.B22.D23.B24.C25.D
26.A27.C28.B29.C30.B
Ⅱ、把下列句子改为被动语态
1.Theboywasseentorunbymeyesterday.
2.Iwastoldthathewouldcomebacksoon.
3.Alotofdifferencescanbefoundbyyoubetweenthetwolanguages.
4.Areyourflowerswateredeveryday?
5.Thebigtreewasblowndownlastnight.
6.Itisthoughtthatheisright.
7.Thebadfoodhadnotbeenthrown.
8.Thetrouserswerenotbeingmendedbymymother.
9.HewouldnotbetakentoBeijing.
10.Iwasknownbynobodyinthistownatthattime.
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