6A文初中英语语法英语从句总结.docx

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6A文初中英语语法英语从句总结

初中英语语法总结(从句)

英语从句三大类型

按一般说法,可分为三大类14种从句。

一,名词性从句

1主语从句Whetherit'srightornotremainstobeseen.

2宾语从句Iwonderwhetherit'srightornot.

3同位语从句Thisisaquestionwhetherit'srightornot.

4表语从句Thequestioniswhetherit'srightornot.

二,定语从句

1限定性定语从句SheisthestudentwhocanspeakEnglishwell.

2非限定性定语从句Sheisthestudent,whocanspeakEnglishwell.

三,状语从句

1时间状语从句Thefactwillcomeoutwhenhecomeshere.

2地点状语从句Youcangowhereveryoulike.

3原因状语从句Paymoreattentiontoyourlessonsbecauseyouareastudent.

4方式状语从句Hewalksasifhewereaking.

5目的状语从句ShewenttoJapansothatshecouldlearnJapanesewell.

6结果状语从句ShewenttoJapansothatshelearnedJapanesewell.

7条件状语从句Iwillunderstanditifhetellsme.

8让步状语从句Heknowsalotthoughheislittle.

1.定语从句

TherearesomeoldbooksintheboG.

TheboydressedinblueisfromAmerica.

Ø分清几个概念:

先行词与关系代词/关系副词。

先行词是指定语从句所修饰的中心词;关系代词主要有who,whom,whose,which,that;关系副词主要有when,where,why。

关系代词和关系副词有两个作用,一是连接主句和从句的作用,二是在定语从句中做成分。

⏹定语从句分为:

限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,限定性定语从句如果去掉会影响句子意义的完整性,非限定性定语从句即使去掉也不会影响句子意义的完整性,如:

Julyisthemonthwhenwehavealotofrain.

Therearemanyplays(that)I’dliketosee.

Themeetingwasputoff,whichsurprisedusalot.

ThisnoteisleftbyMary,whowashereamomentago.

1.非限定性定语从句,其作用为:

对所修饰的成分作进一步的说明,它与主句用逗号隔开。

此类从句省略后其余部分仍可成立。

在非限定性定语从句中,which可代表前面的整个句子;代表人时只能用who,whom,而不能用that;as也可用作关系代词。

例如:

1.Thetelephone,asweknow,wastheinventionofAleGanderGrahamBell.

2.FranklinD.Roosevelt,whodiedthereonApril12,1945.

3.Livinginadamp(潮湿的)houseforalongtimeisharmfultoone’shealth,whichisknowntoeveryone.

2.限定性定语从句中that可代表人和事,而which只代表事;二者在从句中作主语或宾语。

that作宾语时常可省略,which则不能,而且其后的“不及物动词+介词’’中的介词不能省略。

which作宾语时,先行词与which之间的介词不能省。

例如:

1.Thefirstdollthatcouldsay“mama”wasinventedin1830.

2.Thesecondhalfofhisvoyagewasbyfarthemoredangerouspart,duringwhichhesailedroundtheCapeHorn合恩角.

Ø代表all,anything,something,nothing,much等词时,用that而不用which,that作宾语可省略。

例如:

1.Icareanythingthathassomethingtodowithit.

2.You'dbetterdosomethinghepreferstodotopleasehim.

3.Thatisthelasttimewemeteachother.

4.Icameacrossthewomanyoutoldmeaboutyesterday.

Øwho和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句的主语和宾语。

where是关系副词,用于表示地点的定语从句,而when用来表示时间。

whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语。

例如:

1.HenryFordisthepersonwhoismostresponsiblefordevelopingtheideaofmassproduction.

2.Thekneeisthejointwherethethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg.

3.TheneGtmorning,whenshecamedowntobreakfast,Marywasbeamingwiththepleasureofanew,greatdiscovery.

4.Thevisitingprofessorisafamousscientistwhosesonstudiesinmydepartment.

Ø注意几点:

that可替代who,whom(指人),也可替代which(指物)

whose既可指人又可指物

引导定语从句的关系代词紧跟介词做从句的宾语时,不用that,只用which//不能用which,只能用that的情况….

几个例子:

Isshethegirlthat/whosellsflowers?

Thetrainthat/whichhasjustleftisforGi’an.

Thepeople(who/that/whom)youweretalkingtowereRussians.

ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.

Ihavenevermettheboywhosemotherisafamousactress.

Mybookisonthetablewhoselegsarebroken.

HewenttoChinain1945,whentheWarWorldIIwasover.

Look,thisisthehousewherethewriterwasborn.

Thetoolwithwhichheisworkingiscalledawrench(扳手).

2.状语从句

Heswimsfast.

Nervous,heopenedtheletter.

Legsbroken,thesoldiercrawledbackhome.

Sheusedtostayupuntilmidnight.

Withabookinhishand,theteachercamein.

Ø状语从句可分为:

时间状语从句(主要由when,whenever,after,before,a5,since,once,until,while等连词引导),结果状语从句(由so…that和such…that连接),让步状语从句(由though,although,nomatter,evenif,however,whatever等词引导),原因状语从句(由as,because,since和for引导),条件状语从句(由if,whether,aslongas,providedthat等词引导),地点状语从句(由where引导),行为方式状语从句(由as引导)。

有时条件状语从句中,主句不可以用将来时,而用一般时代替。

Ø状语从句中的“主语+be”可以省略,前提是:

从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句谓语“be”省略后的结构为“连词+现在分词/过去分词介词短语/形容词/名词短语”。

)例如:

1.Ifnecessary,Iwouldliketoseeyouinyouroffice.

2.Althoughseriouslywounded,henevercomplained.

条件状语从句:

1)Let'sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.(除非,若不;相当于if---not)

即:

Ifyouaretootired,we’llnotgooutforawalk.

2)Youmayborrowmybookaslongasyoukeepitclean.(只要,表示条件的唯一性)

3)Takeyourumbrellaincaseitrains.(以防---,以免---)

4)Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.(条件是---)

5)Supposingitrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?

(如果,假如)

6)Hewon'tbeagainstusinthemeetingprovided/providingthatweaskforhisadviceinadvance.(假如,除非以……为条件)

7)Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterviewonceyouhaveconfidence.(一旦---就--)

方式状语从句

方式状语从句通常由as,(just)as…so…,asif,asthough引导。

1)as,(just)as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just)as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体,例如:

Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。

Aswateristofish,soairistoman.我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。

2)asif,asthough

两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。

汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的",例如:

1.Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif(asthough)theynevereGisted.

他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。

(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。

2.Helooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbylighting.

他那样子就像被雷击了似的。

(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。

3.Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.

看来天气很快就会好起来。

(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。

说明:

asif/asthough也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如:

Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforfirsttime.他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。

Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。

比较状语从句

1)Youseemtoknowmusicaswellasyouknowastronomy(天文学).(as---as结构)

2)Therewasnogardensolovelyashisinthiscity.(noso---as结构)

3)Finallyhehasmadeasmuchmoneyashewanted.(as+adj+n.+as结构)

4)Yourwatchisnotthesameashis.(thesameas结构)

5)Inevermetsuchamanasyouryoungerbrother.(such---as结构)

6)Shestudiesmorediligentlythanherclassmates.(morethan结构)

7)Nootherbookhashadagreaterinfluenceonmylife.(否定词和比较级连用表示最高级含义。

8)ThisteachereGplainedtheproblemmoreclearlythananyotherteacher.(比较级与“anyotherone”连用表示最高级含义。

9)Themoreyouread,thebetterwillyouwrite.(themore----themore结构)11)Heearnednomorethan800dollarsamonth.他一个月只挣800美元。

(no+比较级+than结构).

3.名词从句

名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句,其中有介词与形容词的宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1)主语从句

Heisateacher.

LearningEnglishwellcouldtakeyoualotoftime.

a.由what、wh-ever等代词引导的主语从句,一般放在句首,不能用it做形式主语:

WhatIwanttoknowishisaddress.

Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.

Whatevershedidwasright.

Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.

b.由连词that引导的主语从句,在大多数情况下,这个从句都放在句子后部,而用代词it作形式上的主语:

ThatImaynotbeabletocomeispossible.=ItispossiblethatImaynotbeabletocome.

Thatweneedmoreequipmentisquiteobvious.=Itisobviousthatweneedmoreequipment.

Thathewillrefusetheofferisunlikely.=Itisunlikelythathewillrefusetheoffer.

c.由连接代词或连接副词(或whether)引导的主语从句,这个从句可以直接放在句首作主语,也可放到句子后部去,前面用it作形式主语:

Whichisthebetterchoiceisobvious.=Itisobviouswhichisthebetterchoice.

Whowillgoforthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.=Ithasnotbeendecidedwhowillgoforthemeeting.

Wherehelosthisgoldwatchremainedamystery.=Itremainedamysterywherehelosthisgoldwatch..

Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeetisstillaquestion.=Itisstillaquestionwhenweshallhaveoursportsmeet.

Whetherhewilljoinuswon’tmakemuchdifference.=Itwon’tmakemuchdifferencewhetherhewilljoinus.

Whytheoldmanwenttothecastleisstillunknown.=Itisstillunknownwhytheoldmanwenttothecastle.

Howhehadmanagedtoachievesomuchatsuchayoungagefascinatedmanypeople.=Itfascinatedmanypeoplehowhehadmanagedtoachievesomuchatsuchayoungage.

2)宾语从句

HelikesChineseverymuch.

I’msurprisedathisyoungage.

a.由that引导的宾语从句,一般做动词的宾语,that可以省略

Thelettersays(that)theyareleavingonthe13th.

Idon’tdoubt(that)theywillbeabletoovercomethedifficulties.

SheremindedmethatIhadameetingtoattendthatevening.

b.由what,who,which,how,where,when,whether(if)等引导的宾语从句,既可以做动词的宾语,又可以做介词的宾语

Idon’tknowwhetherthesefiguresareaccurate.

I’llreadwhicheverbookyourecommend.

I’llshowyouwhatIhaveputdowninmynote-book

Hassheinformedyouwhentheyaretoholdthemeeting.

Shewasneversatisfiedwithwhatshehadachieved.

Whetherthatisagoodsolutiondependsonhowyoulookatit.

c.在某些句型中,特别是带符合宾语的句子中,that引导的从句常常移到后部去,前面用it做形式宾语

Weallthoughtitapitythattheconferenceshouldhavebeencancelled.

Itookitforgrantedthattheywerenotcoming.

d.在“be+形容词”这类结构后,that引导的从句,有些在概念上接近宾语,而在结构上却接近状语

I’mafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.

Wearesurethatweshallsuccess.

Wearefullyconfidentthatwecanovercomethedifficulties.

I’mnotsurewhethershewouldliketheidea.

一些表语性的形容词,如:

alarmed,amazed,annoyed,astonished,certain,confident,disappointed,glad,pleased,proud,sad,shocked,sure,surprised,worried,ect.做表语时,后面可跟由that,how等引导的宾语从句。

例如:

1.IwasamazedhowhecouldpasstheeGamwithoutattendingthelectures.

2.HeisconfidentthathewillpasstheBand6eGamination.

3.Shewassurprisedhowsimplehisproblemis.

4.WeareallpleasedthathewillbeabletopassthefinaleGamination.

3)表语从句

Heiskind./Heisateacher.

TheSmithsarefromAustralia.

Thisiswhereourbasicinterestlies.

Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoouroriginalplan.

WhatIreallywhattoknowishowyouhavemanagedtoremember1000wordswithinanhour.

表语从句对主语的内容起解释和阐述的作用;若表语从句用that引起,that起连接作用,不能省略。

表语从句也可用连接词how,when,where,why,what引起。

由because引起的表语从句通常只用在“this/that/itisbecause”结构中。

例如:

1.OnethingIadmiremostaboutthemisthattheyarehospitable.

2.Sheworkstoohard;ThatiswhysheiseGhausted.

3.ImustpointoutthatwhereyouintendtobuildasupermarketiswheretheelderlydoeGerciseeveryda

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