整合阶段练习.docx

整合阶段练习.docx

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整合阶段练习

B：

整合阶段

主题性

1.复现词汇

2.观点标志

Argue

Explain

Stress

Claim

Announce

Denounce

Assert

Desert

Inotherwords,…

Toputitanotherway,….

Simplystateit,….

Thatis,….

Thestatisticsshow/manifest/suggest/displaythat…

情感性

3.肯否褒贬

4.强烈语气

逻辑性

5.转折对比

6.因果关系

【范例一】

Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeconnotation.

21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing

[A].casual[B].familiar

[C].mechanical[D].changeable

【范例二】

assertion:

talentishighlyoverrated.

Or,putanotherway,expertsarenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.

[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.

【范例三】

Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociation（NBA）listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.

Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:

Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.….

31.WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampleto____.

[A]illustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.

【范例四】

…Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethat….Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.

Butmanyshipperscomplainthat…andtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.

51.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause________.

[C]outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist（C）

【范例五】

….Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.

53.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that________.

[A]shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad

[B]therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide

[C]overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief（C）

[D]agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness

【范例六】

In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw-havingextractedthemfromthemonthsofhisslaves.

That’sfardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks…….

AisdifferentfromB.

AisdissimilartoB.

AandBaredivergent.

XvaryfromAtoB.

AandBshowdiscrepancy.

UnlikeB,A…..

InsteadofB,A…..

A,ratherthanB,……

AandBarefromdiversebackground.

AandBarequitedistinctfromeachother.

AissimilartoB.

AandBhavesomethingincommon.

AcanbeanalogoustoB.

AcanbecomparedtoB.

AisparalleltoB.

AsharesomethingwithB.

AoutweighB.

AisaheadtoB.

AsurpassB

AissuperiortoB.

AisinferiortoB.

AispreferabletoB.

AisjuniortoB.

AisseniortoB.

AhaspriorityoverB.

AshowsuperioritytoB.

AisthebasisofB.

AgivetohighyieldofB.

Ahasasideeffect:

B.

Ahasaby-product:

B.

AgiverisetoB.

AgivebirthtoB.

AcontributetoB.

AleadtoB.

AresultinB.

AisresponsibleforB.

AevokeB.

AprovokeB.

AinduceB.

AproduceB.

AlaunchB.

AtriggerB.

BtakerootsinA.

BderivefromA.

BoriginatefromA.

BstemfromA.

Sb.oweBtoA.

Sb.attributeBtoA.

BiseliminatedbyA.

BispreventedbyA.

BisremovedbyA.

36.GeorgeWashington’sdentalsurgeryismentionedto____.

[D]revealsomeunknownaspectofhislife.

【范例七】

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectsthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries（thefemalereproductiveorgans）removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“It’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilynumbers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Laterhermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”

NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

21.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

[A]Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

[B]Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.

[C]Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.

[D]Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.

22.Dr.Yehuda’sresearchsuggeststhatwomen____.

[A]Needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.

[B]Havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.

[C]Aremorecapableofavoidingstress.

[D]Areexposedtomorestress.

23.AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe____.

[A]domesticandtemporary.

[B]irregularandviolent.

[C]durableandfrequent.

[D]trivialandrandom.

24.Thesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”（Line6,Para.5）showsthat____.

[A]Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

[B]Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

[C]Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

[D]Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]StrainofStress:

NoWayOut?

[B]ResponsestoStress:

GenderDifference

[C]StressAnalysis:

WhatChemicalsSay

[D]GenderInequality:

WomenUnderStress