高一化学题练习新课标高一必修2化学方程式总汇文库.docx
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高一化学题练习新课标高一必修2化学方程式总汇文库
【强烈推荐】高一化学题练习新课标高一必修2化学方程式总汇文库
Newcurriculumstandards,onecompulsory,2chemicalequationconfluence
（summaryofknowledge）
Thefirstchapteristheperiodiclawofmatterstructureelements
1,LireactedwithO2（kindled）P6
NareactedwithO2（kindling）P6
NareactedwithH2O:
P6
KreactedwithH2O:
P6
2.HalogenelementsF2,Cl2,Br2andI2reactwithhydrogengas,
P8
3.Substitutionreactionbetweenhalogenelements:
（1）waterandsaturatedsodiumbromide,chlorineandSodiumIodideSolutionsaturatedreaction:
1.
II.P9
（2）:
P9andSodiumIodideSolutionreactionsofbromine
4,MgreactedwithH2O:
P14
5,NaandCl2,reaction（ignite）:
P19
6.Theformationofsodiumchloridebyelectronicmeans:
P20
Theformationofchlorinemoleculesinelectronicform:
P20
Theprocessofformationofhydrogenchlorideisrepresentedbyelectron:
P20
Thefollowingmoleculesarerepresentedelectronically:
H2,N2,H2O
CO2CH4P21
Thesecondchapterischemicalreactionandenergy
1,Ba（OH）2,8H2OandNH4ClreactionP30
2.Principleofgalvaniccell
Typicalgalvaniccell（Zn-Cugalvaniccell）
Negativeelectrode（zinc）:
（oxidationreaction）
Positiveelectrode（copper）:
（reductionreaction）
Directionofelectronflow:
flowofzincthroughexternalcircuittocopper.
Totalreactionionequation:
P36
3andH2O2decomposeundertheactionofcatalyst:
P42
4,Na2SO4reactedwithCaCl2:
P45
5blastfurnaceironmaking:
P45
Thirdchapterorganiccompound
1.Themainchemicalpropertiesofmethane
（1）oxidationreaction（reactionwithO2）:
P53
（2）substitutionreaction（reactionwithCl2underillumination）producesfourdifferentsubstitutes:
P54
1.
2
3
4.
2.Themainchemicalpropertiesofethylene
（1）oxidationreaction（reactionwithO2）:
P60
（2）additionreaction（（inresponsetoBr2）:
P60
（3）ethylenecanalsoreactwithhydrogen,hydrogenchloride,waterandsoon.P60
1.
2
3
（4）polymerization:
P60
（polyethylenemadefromethylene）
Vinylchloride（polyvinylchloride）
3.Themainchemicalpropertiesofbenzene:
P62
（1）oxidationreaction（reactionwithO2）:
（2）substitutionreaction
ReactionswithBr2:
Benzeneandnitricacid（representedbyHONO2）undergosubstitutionreactionstoproducecolorless,water-insoluble,oilyliquidwithabitteralmondodoranddensitygreaterthanwater-nitrobenzene.Responseequation:
（3）additionreaction
Hydrogenationofbenzenetohydrogenwasmadewithnickelascatalyst:
4.Importantchemicalpropertiesofethanol
（1）thereactionofethanolwithmetalsodium:
P67
（2）oxidationofethanol
Ethanolcombustion,P67
CatalyticoxidationofethanolP68
Oxidationofethanolatroomtemperature
CH3CH2OHCH3COOH
5.Theimportantchemicalpropertiesofaceticacid
（1）theacidityofaceticacid
Theaceticacidcanmakethepurplelitmusred
Aceticacidcanreactwithcarbonatestoformcarbondioxidegas
Usingaceticacid,aceticacidcanbeusedtoremovescale（mainlyCaCO3）:
P68
Aceticacidcanalsoreactwithsodiumcarbonateandformcarbondioxidegas:
P68
Theabovetworeactionscanprovethattheacidityofaceticacidisstrongerthanthatofcarbonicacid.
（2）esterificationofaceticacid
Principleofreaction（reactionwithethanol）:
P69
Aceticacid,themainproductofethanol,isacolorless,aromatic,dense,waterinsoluble,oilyliquidthanwater.
6.Sucrosehydrolysisreaction:
P73
Hydrolysisofstarch（cellulose）:
P73
TheimportantchemicalpropertyofoilhydrolysisreactionP73
（a）hydrolysisofoilsunderacidicconditions
Grease+H2Oglycerin+
（b）hydrolysisofoilsunderalkalineconditions（alsocalledreactions）
Grease+H2Oglycerin+
Protein+H2Ovaries
Thefourthchapter,chemistryandsustainabledevelopment
1,2HgO:
P80P81thermaldecomposition
Ag2Odecompositionbyheating:
2,COrestoreFe2O3
CreductionofZnO
CreductionofMgO
O2reductionofCu2S
AlreductionofFe2O3（thermitreaction）
FerestoreCuSO4:
3.ElectrolysisNaCl:
ElectrolyticNaOH:
ElectrolysisMgCl2
ElectrolysisAl2O3
4,catalyticcrackingofpetroleum,suchas:
C4H10cracking,ethyleneandethane:
P87
[referenceanswer]
Thefirstchapteristheperiodiclawofmatterstructureelements
1,4Li+O2,2Li2,O
2Na+O2Na2O2
=2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2
=2K+2H2O===2KOH+H2
2,halogenelementsreactwithhydrogen
F2+H2=2HF
Cl2+H2=2HCl
Br2+H2=2Br
I2+H2=2HI
3.Substitutionreactionbetweenhalogenelements:
（1）Cl2canbeswappedoutofBr2（orI2）frombromide（oriodide）:
Cl2+2NaBr=Br2+2NaCl
II.Cl2+2KI=I2+2KCl
（2）Br2candisplaceI2fromiodide:
Br2+2KI=I2+2KBr
4,Mg+2H2O=Mg（OH）:
+H2=2
=2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2
Mg+2HCl=H2=MgCl2+
5,
Theformationofsodiumchloride:
slightly
Theformationofchlorinemolecules:
Theprocessofhydrogenchlorideformation:
Thefollowingelementsarerepresentedelectronically
Thesecondchapterischemicalreactionandenergy
1,Ba（OH）2-8H2O+2NH4Cl==BaCl2+2NH3=+10H2O
NaOH+HCl==NaCl+H2O
2.Principleofgalvaniccell
（1）concept:
galvaniccellisadevicethatconvertschemicalenergyintoelectricalenergy
（2）typicalgalvaniccell（Zn-Cugalvaniccell）
Negativeelectrode（zinc）:
Zn-2e-=Zn2+（oxidationreaction）
Positiveelectrode（Cu）:
2H++2e-=H2=（reduction）
Directionofelectronflow:
flowofzincthroughexternalcircuittocopper.
Thetotalionreactionequation:
Zn+2H+=Zn2++H2=
3,up2H2O2=2H2O+O2
4,Na2SO4+CaCl2=CaSO4:
+Na2CO3
5,2C+O2=2CO
Fe2O3+3CO,==2Fe+3CO2
Thirdchapterorganiccompound
1.Themainchemicalpropertiesofmethane
（1）oxidationreaction
CH4（g）,+2O2（g）,CO2（g）,+2H2O（L）
（2）substitutionreaction
2.Themainchemicalpropertiesofethylene
（1）oxidationreaction:
C2H4+3O2,2CO2+2H2O;
（2）additionreaction
Ethylenecanalsoreactwithhydrogen,hydrogenchloride,waterandsoon.
CH2=CH2+H2CH3CH3
CH2=CH2+HClCH3CH2Cl（ethylchloride）
CH2=CH2+H2OCH3CH2OH（ethanol）
（3）polymerization:
3.Themainchemicalpropertiesofbenzene
（1）oxidationreaction,2C6H6+15O2,12CO2+6H2O;
（2）substitutionreaction
+Br2+HBr
Benzeneandnitricacid（representedbyHONO2）undergosubstitutionreactionstoproducecolorless,water-insoluble,oilyliquidwithabitteralmondodoranddensitygreaterthanwater-nitrobenzene.
+HONO2+H2O
（3）additionreaction
Withnickelascatalyst,benzeneisreactedwithhydrogentoformcyclohexane.
+3H2
4.Importantchemicalpropertiesofethanol
（1）thereactionbetweenethanolandsodiummetal
=2CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H2
（2）oxidationofethanol
Ethanolcombustion
CH3CH2OH+3O22CO2+3H2O
Catalyticoxidationofethanol
2CH3CH2OH+O22CH3CHO+2H2O
acetaldehyde
Oxidationofethanolatroomtemperature
CH3CH2OHCH3COOH
5.Theimportantchemicalpropertiesofaceticacid
（3）theacidityofaceticacid
Theaceticacidcanmakethepurplelitmusred
Aceticacidcanreactwithcarbonatestoformcarbondioxidegas
Usingaceticacid,aceticacidcanbeusedtoremovescale（mainlyCaCO3）:
2CH3COOH+CaCO3（CH3COO）=2Ca+H2O+CO2
Aceticacidcanalsoreactwithsodiumcarbonateandformcarbondioxidegas:
=2CH3COOH+Na2CO32CH3COONa+H2O+CO2
Theabovetworeactionscanprovethattheacidityofaceticacidisstrongerthanthatofcarbonicacid.
（4）esterificationofaceticacid
Principleofreaction
Aceticacid,themainproductofethanol,isacolorless,aromatic,dense,waterinsoluble,oilyliquidthanwater.
6,C12H22O11+H2O=C6H12O6+C6H12O6
Theimportantchemicalpropertyofoil--hydrolysisreaction
（1）hydrolysisofoilunderacidicconditions
Grease+H2Oglycerin+higherfattyacid
（2）hydrolysisofoilunderalkalineconditions（alsocalledsaponification）
Grease+H2Oglycerin+higherfattyacid
Protein+H2O,variousaminoacids
Thefourthchapter,chemistryandsustainabledevelopment
slightly
One
SunshineTutoringNetworkhighchemistrylearningmaterials
Firstpages,atotalof3pages（newcurriculum,people'steachingedition,compulsory2）
升级会员 