专八短文改错试题.docx

专八短文改错试题.docx

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专八短文改错试题

2000年-2015年专八短文改错试题

2015年3月21日专业八级考试改错

WhenIwasinmyearlyteens,Iwastakentoaspectacularshow

onicebythemotherofafriend.Lookedroundatheluxuryofthe1.______

rink,myfriend’smotherremarkedonthe“plush”seatswehadbeen

given.Ididnotknowwhatshemeant,andbeingproudofmy2.______

vocabulary,Itriedtoinferitsmeaningfromthecontext.“Plush”

wasclearlyintendedasacomplimentary,apositiveevaluation;that3.______

muchIcouldtellitfromthetoneofvoiceandthecontext.SoI4.______

startedtousetheword.Yes,Ireplied,theycertainlyareplush,and

soaretheicerinkandthecostumesoftheskaters,aren’tthey?

My

friend’smotherwasverypolitetocorrectme,butIcouldtellfromher5.______

expressionthatIhadnotgotthewordquiteright.

Oftenwecanindeedinferfromthecontextwhatawordroughly

means,andthatisinfactthewaywhichweusuallyacquireboth6.______

newwordsandnewmeaningsforfamiliarwords,speciallyinour7.______

ownfirstlanguage.Butsometimesweneedtoask,asIshouldhave

askedforPlush,andthisisparticularlytrueinthe8.______

aspectofaforeignlanguage.Ifyouarecontinuallysurroundedby9.______

speakersofthelanguageyouarelearning,youcanaskthemdirectly,

butoftenthisopportunitydoesnotexistforthelearnerofEnglish.

Sodictionarieshavebeendevelopedtomendthegap.10.______

2014改错

Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisition（SLA）emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950stoearly1960s.

　　Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions

（1）______

　　havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea:

（2）______

　　lIsitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthe

　　samesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage?

（3）______

　　lWhatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave（4）______

　　moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?

　　lWhatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguage?

　　lWhatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe（5）______

　　acquisitionofadditionallanguages?

　　lWhatsocial-culturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthe

　　learningofadditionallanguages?

　　Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatall（6）______

　　theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhave

　　onethingincommon:

Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiring

　　ofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo（7）______

　　so.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acquiring”anadditional

　　language,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder（8）______

　　focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofan

　　individual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesare

　　involving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning（9）______

　　oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntinthe

　　classroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.（10）______

2013专八短文改错试题．

Psycho-linguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocesses

involvedinlanguage.Psycholinguisticsstudyunderstanding,

productionandrememberinglanguage,andhenceareconcernedwith

（1）_____

listening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.

Onereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually

（2）______

happenssoeffortlessly,andmostoftime,soaccurately.（3）______

Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeonetospeaking,orlookingatthispage,（4）______

younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.Itisonlyinexceptional

circumstanceswemightbecomeawareofthecomplexity（5）______

involved:

ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit;

ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasinfluenced（6）______

theirlanguage;ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage;if（7）______

wetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult;or

ifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeet

anyoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,alltheseexamples（8）______

ofwhatmightbecalled“languageinexceptionalcircumstances”

revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedinspeaking,（9）______

listening,writingandreading.Butgiventhatlanguageprocesses

werenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcareful（10）______

experimentstogetatwhatishappening.

2012年

Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.Theargumenthasbeengoingsinceatleastthefirst

（1）______

centuryB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywriters

favouredcertainkindof“free”translation:

thespirit,nottheletter;the

（2）_______

sensenottheword;themessagerathertheform;thematternot（3）_______

themanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho（4）_______

wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19th（5）_______

century,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthat

thelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatthelanguage（6）_______

wasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible（7）_______

gainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeas（8）_______

literalaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementofthe（9）_______

extreme“literalists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov.

Theargumentwastheoretical:

thepurposeofthetranslation,the

natureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Too

often,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwith

eachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasicproblemremains.（10）_____

2011年专八真题改错部分

　Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,Iknew

 thatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofabout        1__________

seventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidso

 withtheconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthat        2___________

soonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwritebooks.                3___________

 Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyears      4__________

oneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.For

thisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondeveloped

disagreeingmannerismswhichmademeunpopularthroughoutmy   5_____________

schooldays.Ihadthelonelychild'shabitofmakingupstoriesand

 holdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfrom   6_________

 theverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingof 7________

beingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwords

andapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreated  8________

asortofprivateworldwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailure  9________

 ineverydaylife.Therefore,thevolumeofserious—i.e.seriously   10________

intended—writingwhichIproducedallthroughmychildhoodand

boyhoodwouldnotamounttohalfadozenpages.Iwrotemyfirst

 poemattheageoffourorfive,mymothertakingitdowntodictation.

2010年专八真题改错部分

Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguagesareequally

completeandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:

thatis,

everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosay         1________________

thethingstheirspeakerswanttosay.                                                  2________________

Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitive                3________________

 peoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notall

groupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsor

psychologyorthecultivationofrice.Whereasthisisnotthe            4_____________

 faultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakabout

 snowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecanin          5______________

 English,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage（oneofthose

sometimesmiscalled'primitive'）isinherentlymorepreciseand

subtlethanEnglish.Thisexampledoesnotcometolightadefect      6______________

inEnglish,ashowofunexpected'primitiveness'.Thepositionis

 simplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinsimilar  7____________

environments.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichinterms       8____________

fordifferentkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhich

 Englishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasimportant.          9_____________

 Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguage

couldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufacture

orcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimos'life.           10____________

2009

Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepasses

fromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference        

（1）___________

betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,       

learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthe              

（2）___________

 littlelistener hasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,oreven        （3）____________

grandchildren. Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeand

 transmitting itmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.With      （4）_____________

theplayground lore,therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassed           （5）___________

 onwithintheveryhour itislearnt;andinthegeneral,itpasses            （6）_____________

 betweenchildrenofthesameage,ornearlyso,sinceitisuncommon

forthedifferenceinagebetweenplaymatestobemorethanfive

years.If,therefore,aplaygroundrhymeca