学位英语笔记.docx
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学位英语笔记
作文
Englishinquiteafewrespectsisuseful,enough…
“”内的内容或斜体字表示是作文题目。
1.Differentpeoplehavedifferentideaswithregardton.名词。
●Somepeoplebelieveargue/claimthat观点(肯)宾语从句。
如果作文名是一个名词n.knowledge,就直接填上去。
如果作文名是一个句子,例如:
computerisimportant,就加thefactthat作文题。
Computerinquiteafewrespectsisuseful(good)enough.
●Whilesomeotherpeopleholdastrong(认为)beliefthat观点(否)定语从句。
Computerisnotimportant.
Computerisunimportant.
Computerislessimportant.这种写法最好。
Youareugly.
Youarelessbeautiful.这种写法要好。
●AsfarasIamconcerned,Iappreciate(agree)theformer’s(前者)idea.
2.Thereareanumberofreasonswhichcanaccountfor(explain)this.
递进关系:
论述时,最重要的观点(原因)放在最后讲。
Inthefirstplace,reason1.
inaddition(并且,此外),reason2andwhat’smoreimportant,reason3.
小结论:
Therefore
Asaresult
Asaconsequence
●Asaconsequence,小结论。
3.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,(综上所述)
Wecansafely(useful,vital)cometoaconclusionthat同位语从句。
注:
如果作文不够3段时,一定要在第三段写个OK或Yes,符合文体结构也能得1至2分。
如何把句子写长:
ComputerissoimportantthatitcanbeusedeverywhereespeciallyinscientificresearchforyoungpeoplenowadaysinChinawhoareinterestedincomputerscience.
语法
一、虚拟语气
1.与现在或将来事实相反
If+S+did(be-were),S+should(wouldcouldmightmight)+do
例:
IfIwereyou,I(we)shouldstudyEnglishwell.
省略If的话,就应该将were提至前边:
WereIyou,I(we)shouldstudyEnglishwell.
2.仅适应与将来事实相反
If+S+weretodo,S+should(wouldcouldmightmight)+do
If+S+should+do,S+should(wouldcouldmightmight)+do
3.与过去事实相反
If+S+had+done,S+should(wouldcouldmightmight)havedone
例:
Ifhehadn'tbeenillyesterday,hewouldn’thavebeenabsent.
省略If的话,应该将hadn't变成hadnot,现将had提至前边:
Hadhenotbeenillyesterday,hewouldn’thavebeenabsent.
4.省略与倒装必须同时进行:
见1和3
5.特别注意主从句时间不一致,分别用各自的结构。
IfIwereabeautifulgirl,IshouldhavemarriedaJapaneseman.
6.介词短语
Without=butfor(没有)
Withoutyourhelplastterm,Icouldn’thavepassedallmyexams.
二、在从句中的应用(主、宾、表、同、状)
S+should+do
1.主语从句
Itis+adj.thats+should+do(真主语)
1obvious明显
2natural自然
3importantvital重要生命
4necessaryessentialimperative必要的必不可少的当务之急
5strangeodd奇怪
6urgentdesirable紧急的advisable建议的
7incredibleunbelievable不可信的
2.宾语从句
1建议:
propose,advise,suggest.
表示“人”的单词做主语,肯定是虚拟语气;反之则不是。
IsuggestthatheshouldspeakEnglish.可以用虚拟语气
Herpalefacesuggeststhatsheisill.不可以用虚拟语气
2要求:
desiredemandrequest
Requirecommandrequest
3orderinsist
3.Itis+donethatS+should+do
只限第2种里讲过的过去分词中用虚拟语气
Itisrequiredthatheshouldcomehere.
4和5.表.同
n.①orderdesiredemand,command,request
②proposal,advice,suggestion,requirement,insistence
MysuggestionisthatheshouldspeakEnglish.Thenews(内容或含义)thatIheard(定)
thathedied…
Aprofessorgaveusanorderthatweshouldhandinourpapers.
6.状语从句
lest=incase=forfearthatconj.
Wehavetolearntocheatincaseweshouldbecreated.
注:
凡bedone(should+do)答案都是对的。
①S+do
Itisstrangethathebe(省略了should)outmanager.正确
Thathehas(shouldhave)acar.错误
②S+bedone
Itisnatural(bespoken)thatEnglishshould.
③否定S+not+bedone
三、
1.wish(vt.)
2.asif
asthough
3.ifonly
4.wouldrather(宁愿)
凡bedone(v)都是对的。
1.S+do
Itisstrangethathebe(should)ourmanager.正确
Thathehas(shouldhave)acar.错误
2.S+bedone
Itisnatural(bespoken)thatEnglishshould.
3.否定
S+not+bedone
三、1.wish(vt.)与现在或将来事实相反:
S+did(be-were)
2.asif与过去:
S+had+done
Asthough
3.ifonly
4.would(宁愿)rather
WewishwepassedoutEnglishtest.
IwishmymotherhadmarriedanAmerican20yearsago.
四、Itis(was)high(about)timethat早该做什么事了,但是没有
S+did
Itisyouwenthome.
小书P99页
1A3C省略了if4B5B11C16B17C26D31B32C
倒装(部分倒装)把助、系、情态动词放在主语的前边
1.so+助+系+情+主语(肯)
YoulikeEnglish.SodoI.
Youwenthome.SodidI.
Youareateacher.SoamI.
2.Neither(Nor)+助+系+情+主语(否)
Youdon’tlikeJapanese.NeitherdoI.
3.So+adj.So+adv.倒装
SogreatisMr.Jiangthatheislovedbyanyoneeverywhere.
4.※Onlycanyousaveyourselfintheworld.错误
Only(状语)注意only后边必须紧跟状语才能倒装。
Onlyintheworldcanyousaveyourself.正确
5.Nosooner☆….than….(……就……)
Hardly/scarcely☆….when….
标五角星的地方要求倒装:
had+S+done
than和when后边表示一般过去时。
Nosoonerhadhepassedhisexamsthanhereceivedhisdiploma.
6.否定意义的单词或短语放在句首
1never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely
例:
NeverdoImissyou.
2Never,before
NeverbeforehaveIcheatedyou.
3Little,nowhere,notuntil,conj.
例:
Notuntilshewas30,didshemakeherfirstboyfriend.
4atnotime,bynomeans
onnoaccount,innocase/way
undernocircumstancesadv.决不(副词)
例:
undernocircumstanceswillchinabethefirstcountrytousenuclearweapons(核武器).
注:
Ifwere,should,had,一旦把if省去,这个句子就必须倒装。
反问句
1Let’sgo,shallwe?
2Let’susgo,willyou?
3Sitdown,pleasewillyou?
祈使句
4Hemust(is)beadoctor,Isn’the?
5HetoldmethattheywouldflytoJapan,?
A.Didn’theB.didheC.wouldtheyD.wouldn’tthey
6Thereislittlewater,?
A.isn’tisB.itC.isthereD.isn’tthere(句式一致)
7Heusedtoswimonceaweek,Didn’the?
同hewenthomedidn’the
主渭一致
1.n(主语)+介词短语
名词单数
例:
Aprofessortogetherwithhissixstudentsismakinganexperiment.A.areB.is
2.Notonly…..butalso
Either……or
Neither……nor
均采取就近原则,看省略号后边的,主语有几个,就选几个。
例:
NotonlyyoubutalsoTomandID.两个主语,因此选D
A.amadoctorB.amdoctorsC.areadoctorD.aredoctors
3.Therichthepoor
教员一类人(复数)
4.anumberofbooks/teachers复数
Thenumberofbook/teacher单数
5.时间、金钱、距离都用单数
Tenyearsisshort.
6.manyateacher(单数,第三人称)ispoor.
7.people,police,staff=personnel(全体工作人员)
crew(复数)
everyteacherandeverystudentis以一个句子为主语的也是单数
Whatyournameishasnothingtodowithme.
情态动词的完成时态(时间—过去)
1.musthavedone------反义词---can’thavedone
Hisfathermusthaverobedthebanklastweek.
Itmusthaverainedlastnight.
2.can’thavedone
Itcan’thaverainedlastnight.
3.couldhavedone
Icouldhavekilledhimlastnight.
4.shouldhavedone改成否定句直接在should后边加not
oughttohavedone早该……ago.
Youshouldhavebeenhere10minutes.
Youshouldhaveplayedcomputergameslastnight.
5.needn’thavedone不必
Youneedn’thavemadesuchaninhumangirlfriend.
形容词
1.与…..一样(相同)
as….as用于肯定句
so….as用于否定句等立连词:
前后一致。
adv.副词
注:
倍数只能放在as的前边。
Aspoorasyou
Ashardas
Verygood
Verywell
Youareastallasme.错误
YouareastallasI(am省略了).正确
YouareastallasIdo.错误
YouareastallasIcan.正确
YouaretentimesastallasI.
单数:
TheclimateinXi’anisasgoodasthatinLanzhou.
复数:
Thestudents…….A.itB.that
2.than比较级(一个比其余的都…….)
HeistallerthanCinhisclass.正确答案永远是thananyothern.(名词单数)
A.anyboyB.anyboysC.anyotherboyD.anyotherboys.
3.themore……themore越……越……
1等立连词as…as
2比较级than
Themoreyouwork,thelessyouget.
Themoreshemakesup,theugliershebecomes.
4.一种特殊的比较级
Besuperiorto(介)-----beinferiorto
比…..好=bebetterthan比…..差
5.最高级(必须有对比的范围,没有对比范围,就不可能有最高级)
●介词短语as…as,比如ofallthedoctors.
●定语从句:
比如Guilinisthemostbeautifulplace.ThatI’veevervisited.
时态
注:
哪个是将来完成时,哪个就是正确答案
1.S+shall(will)havedone
2.Whoever只要有它,就是正确答案
=anyone,who任何一个人
共16个时态
按时间划分4个:
现在,过去,将来,过去将来
按动作划分4个:
一般现在时,过去进行时,过去完成时,现在完成进行时
凡是完成时态:
所涉及的时间单位肯定是2个。
S+have/has+done
现在完成进行时:
S+have/has+been+doing
过去完成时,在“过去”之前完成的。
相对时态:
S+had+done(比如:
在此之前,我已经学习了3年英语了)
※考得最多:
时态呼应(一致)
1.时间、条件、让步状语从语用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。
Ifitisfinetomorrow,weshallgo.
2.in(within,daring,over,for)thepast(last)ten(数目)years(复:
表示时间)
GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinaduringthepast30years.
3.主语:
is(am,are)thefirst(序)timethat现在完成时.
①Thisisthethirdtimethatyouhavecheatedme.
②主语:
is(am,are)theonly+n(单数)that现在完成时.
YouaretheonlygirlthatI’veeverlovedinmylife.
③主语:
is(am,are)the形容词最高级that现在完成时.
YouaretheclevereststudentsthatI’veevertaught.
代词
1.Everyone----noone(反义词,用法相同)1个,永远不能表示人of
2.Both----neither2个
3.All----none3个及以上of正确
如:
forget----remember
AllofusAllofbooks
名词
1.thenews=words,information
factstatement,idea=belief
evidence=proof证据
这些名词如果放在句首,这一步的正确答案肯定是“that”,因为它是从渭语从句。
2.A.threewomandoctors
B.threewomendoctors
C.threewomendoctor
man和woman是单数还是复数,必须和前面的数字保持一致,后边的名词也应保持一致。
3.boyfriends
定语从句
1.Therearemanystudents,Darepoor.
A.someofthemB.someofthoseC.someofwhoD.someofwhom介词宾格
2.Heisthesame(先行词)girl(人、物)whoyoulovedbefore.
3.Thereisnothing(先行词)thatismoreimportantthanknowledge.
4.Chinhasalargepopulation,whichisknowntoall.
先行词如果出现such或sucha(定语),后边就只能用as.
5.I’llneverforgetthedaysBIspentinJapan.A.whenB.which
关系代词:
who,whom,whose,that,which,as(主,宾,定)
关系副词:
when,where,how,why
1.Everything,something,anything,先行词是这些时用that.
2.Allthat
Spentmoney
Time
小书P64:
1B2C6B
P66:
21C18B
P70:
47B18B
P107:
2D4D5B8D9B10C11B
P110:
24C28C
P113:
10B11C
P114:
18A
P115:
22A
大书:
P121是往届正式考题
P122:
16A18D
1.一般现在时,S+or(otherwise,should,would,could,might)+do,否则
Youareugly,orIshouldmarryyou=Ifyouwerenotugly.
2.过去时,or(otherwise)S+should(would,could,might)havedone
Hewasill,orhewouldn’thavebeen.
Ifhehadn’tbeenill.
3.情态动词的完成时
Hemusthaveoverslept,orhewouldn’thavebeenlateforclass.
P122:
22题neither(Nor)
P122:
30题两个答案不知道选哪个时,选前边的,正确率高。
词汇看哪两个单词尾部一样,选前边的。
非渭语动词:
也是动词,它的限制就是不能单独做渭语。
1.动名词:
Ilikereading(v.n.)novels.一个单词既具备名词特性又具备动词特性的,叫动名词。
2.分词:
doing(adj.)形容词可作表、定、状、宾、补语。
重点考分词做状语。
Done(adv.)副词
IfindEnglisheasy.IfindEnglishinteresting.
1伴随状语②时间状语③原因状语
二、时态和语态
状语(目的、结果)变否定全在结构的最前边加not.
完成时态被动语态
doingbeingdone
nothavingdonenothavingbeen