非谓语动词精讲与练习.docx
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非谓语动词精讲与练习
第六章非谓语动词1
一、动词不定式1
I.动词不定式的句法作用2
1.1EXERCISE5
II.特殊不定式短语6
1.2EXERCISE8
III.动词不定式的时态和语态9
1.3EXERCISE11
二、分词13
I.分词的句法作用13
2.1EXERCISE16
II．分词的时态和语态17
2.2EXERCISE19
III.分词复合结构20
2.3EXERCISE21
三、动名词22
I.动名词的句法作用23
3.1EXERCISE27
II.动名词的时态和语态29
3.2EXERCISE30
III.动名词复合结构31
3.3EXERCISE32
EXERCISE（非谓语动词综合练习）33
第六章非谓语动词
一、动词不定式
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，由不定式符号to加原形动词构成，动词不定式保留着动词的一些特征：
（1）带宾语或表语。
例如：
IwanttowatchTV.
Ihopetobeanoutstandingstudent.
（2）可由状语修饰。
例如：
Iexpectyoutostudyhard.
（3）有时态和语态的变化。
例如：
I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.（完成时）
Thequestionstobeansweredareonpage10.（被动式）
动词不定式和它的宾语，状语，或表语一起构成不定式短语。
不定式或不定式短语具有名词，形容词，和副词的性质，因而可以在句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语，和状语。
在不定式符号to前加上not构成不定式的否定式。
例如：
Hetoldmenottotouchthewire.
I.动词不定式的句法作用
1.作主语
Tomasteraforeignlanguageisveryimportant.
Nottosmokewilldoyoualotofgood.
Toobeythelawsiseveryone’sduty.
动词不定式作主语时，常常用先行词it作形式主语，放在句首，将不定式移到谓语之后作实际主语。
例如：
ItisdifficulttoanswersuchacomplicatedquestioninEnglish.
Ithasbeenpossibletosendmantospace.
Ittakestheelectroniccomputeronlyafewsecondstosolvetheproblem.
Example:
______onlyfiveminutestofinishthetask.
a.Ittookmyselfb.Itrequiredmec.Itshouldbeneedingd.Ittookme
2.作表语
Ourmaintaskistocarrythesebuildingmaterialstotheworksite.
Themostcommonwayofgettingheatistoburnfuel.
Ourgoalistoaccomplishthemodernizationofagriculture,industry,nationaldefence,andscienceandtechnology.
Example:
Myjob______thesechildren.
a.wastolookafterb.waslookingc.istolookingafterd.haslookedafter
3．作宾语
在及物动词begin,cease,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,happen,hate,help,hope,intend,like,love,manage,mean,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,promise,refuse,remember,try,want,wish等后边常用不定式作宾语。
例如：
WhendidyoubegintolearnEnglish?
Onceyouturnofftheswitch,electricityceasestoflow.
Hepromisedtokeepthesecretforyou.
Example:
Galieoplannedto______theproblem,butfailedtodoso.
a.solvingb.havesolvedc.besolvedd.havebeensolved
Ifyoupromise______angrywithme,I’lltellyouwhatIbroke.
a.getnotb.notgetc.nottogetd.notgetting
注意：
当不定式作直接宾语，它后面还有宾语补足语时，需用it作形式宾语代替不定式，而把不定式放在补足语之后。
例如：
Ifounditdifficulttoidentifymistakes.我发现辨认错误很难。
Doyouconsideritwisetoignorehim?
你认为不理睬他是明智的吗？
Example:
Ifound_____toanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven.
a.nopossibilityb.therewasimpossibilityc.impossibled.itimpossible
动词不定式也可作介词but,except,save（除......以外）的宾语，但在词组cannotbut（不由得，只好）,cannothelpbut（不得不）,donothingbut（别无它法只有......）后面，接不带to的不定式。
在except,save后可带to也可不带to。
例如：
TheNationalGuardsmenweregivennochoicebuttoshootovertheheadsoftheunrulymob.
Shedoesnothingbutcryallday.
Wecannotbutbelieveintheyouthwhoisalwaystryingtoimprovehimself.
Hedidnothingexceptplayalldaylong.
Thereisnothingforitbuttowaitforanopportunity.
Example:
Hewasnoalternativebut______toseehim.
a.gob.wentc.goingd.togo
I_____atourteacher’sremarks.
a.cannotbutwonderb.cannothelpbuttowonder
c.cannotbutwonderingd.cannothelpbutwondering
4．作宾语补足语
有些动词如allow,advise,ask,beg,believe,can’tbear,call,choose,cause,command,determine,enable,expect,fail,feel,find,force,get,have,hear,help,know,invite,lead,let,like,make,notice,order,prove,request,set,see,teach,tell,think,want,warn,watch,wish等后面常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
注意：
在make（使）,let（让）,have（使，叫）等使役动词后；在see（看）,watch（观看）,lookat（看）,behold（看）,observe（观察，看见）,perceive（看见）,feel（感觉）,hear（听）,listento（听...）,notice（发现，注意）等表示感官的动词后及在know（了解）,please（请）等后面省去动词不定式符号“to”。
在动词find与help之后的“to”可省也不可省。
例如：
Iaskedhimtotellmetheresultsofthescientificresearch.
Canyouhelpme（to）cleanthewindows?
Askhertowaitformeatthegate.
Hermotherneverhasherdothatheavywork.
Example:
ProfessorBlackhadus______compositionseveryFriday.
a.towriteb.writtenc.writed.wrote
Mybossaskedmetoanswerthephone,totakeallmessages,and______someletters.
a.totypeb.typingc.typed.typewrite
Myteachertoldme_____socareless.
a.notbeb.don’ttobec.nottobed.won’tbe
有些动词如consider,prove,think,know,feel,suppose,discover,imagine,find等也可跟
“宾语+tobe”的形式，使用中应注意。
例如：
Wefoundhim（tobe）dishonest.我们发现他不诚实。
Weallknowhimtobedead.我们都以为他死了。
Example:
We______Mr.Browntobeafinewriter.
a.acceptb.receivec.thinkd.regard
5．作主语补足语
如果把动词不定式作宾语补足语的句中的谓语由主动语态改为被动语态，则宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。
要注意作宾语补足语时在某些动词后省去的不定式符号to,此时一般不能省去。
例如：
Plasticsarefoundtobegoodinsulators.
Waterpowercanbemadetoproduceelectricity.
Thelaboringpeopleoftheworldarecalledontounite.
号召全世界的劳动人民团结起来。
Example:
Childrenshouldbeallowed______theirowndecisions.
a.makingb.tomakec.maked.havingmade
6.作定语
Myfatherdidn’thaveanychancetogotoschoolbeforeliberation.
Energyistheabilitytodowork.
Pleasegivemesomethingtodrink.
Example:
Theorder______pumpswillcomefromthecontrolroom.
a.stoppingb.tostopc.stoppedd.stops
Haveyouanyotherquestion______?
a.askb.foraskc.toaskd.asking
注意：
当被不定式修饰的名词与后面的不定式有动宾关系时（即为逻辑宾语），不定式结尾表示动宾关系的介词不要丢掉。
例如：
Atlastwefoundaroomtolivein.
Ihaven’tgotachairtositon.
Example:
I’mnotsurewhichrestaurant______.
a.toeatonb.eatingatc.toeatatd.foreating
“Iwanttobuyacamera.”“Wehaveseveralmodels____”
a.foryoutochoosefromb.foryourchoice
c.forthechoiceofyoursd.foryoutochooseat
7.作状语
表示目的，结果，原因等，常有以下几种情况：
（1）用to+原形动词，inorderto+原形动词或soasto+原形动词引起不定式短语表示
目的，结果，原因。
例如：
Tomeettheneedsofourindustry,wemustproducemorecoal.
为了满足我国工业的需要，我们必须生产更多的煤碳。
（表目的）
Thetemperatureissohighastochangewaterintosteam.
温度高到可使水变成蒸汽。
（表结果）
Theyweregladtohearfromyou.收到你的信他们很高兴。
（表原因）
Example:
Sendhimtothebaker’s______thebread.
a.tobuyb.inorderhebuysc.fortobuyd.forbuying
Graceadvisedustowithdraw______.
a.soastogetnotinvolvedb.asnottogetinvolved
c.soasnottogetinvolvedd.sothatnottoinvolve
（2）用在easy,difficult,hard,heavy,good等形容词作表语的系表结构中的形容词后，
是存在谓语所表示的情况，不定式要用主动式。
例如：
Electricityiseasytotransmitoverlongdistances.
Thisquestionishardtoanswer.
Example:
Mostcollegestudentswanttobe______tochoosetheirfavoritesubjects.
a.freelyb.freedomc.freed.freed
（3）在“too...to”句型中，不定式含有否定意义，表示“结果”。
Hewastoobusytohelpmeatthemoment.
Hewastooexitedtospeak.
Example:
Theywere______togoanyfurther.
a.toofrightenedb.asfrightenedasc.sofrightenedasd.toofrightenedfor
注：
一般情况下，句子的主语也是不定式的逻辑主语，要注意它们的一致。
Example:
TolearntospeakEnglishwell,______.
a.muchpracticeisneededb.oneneedsmuchpractice
c.muchpracticeisinneedd.muchpracticeoneisneeded
1.1EXERCISE
1.Pleaseletmeknowwhatyouintend_____.
a.willdob.doc.todod.doing
2.Wouldyoube_____tostepthisway,please?
a.tookindb.sokindc.sokindasd.as
3.Theyhavemadetheoilandwater____fromeachother.
a.toseparateb.separatec.tobeseparatedd.tohaveseparated
4.Itisveryimportant____ourteachingmethods.
a.toimprovetob.improvec.improvedd.toimprove
5.Ihavewarnedyoutimeandagain____thewire.
a.nottouchb.nottouchingc.nottotouchd.touchnot
6.“WhereshouldIsendmyapplication?
”
“ThePersonnelOfficeistheplace____.”
a.tosenditb.sendittoc.tosendittod.forsendingit
7.Wouldyouplease____thedoorforme?
a.holdingb.nottoholdc.holdd.held
8.Mybrother’swishis____anengineer.
a.becomesb.tobecomec.becomed.becomingtobe
9.Haveyouheardhim____abouthisformerteacher?
a.spokeb.tospeakc.speaksd.speak
10.Canyouletme____thetruthofthematter?
a.toknowb.knowingc.knowd.known
11.____forthepeopleisweightierthanMountTai.
a.Dieb.Deadc.Todeathd.Todie
12.Ifyouaskyourmother,shewillprobably___.
a.letyoutogob.allowyoutogoc.allowthatyougod.letyougo
13.Didyounoticethegirl____.
a.crosstheroadb.acrosstheroadc.tocrosstheroadd.havingcrosstheroad
14.ComradeLiisknown____anadvancedworker.
a.beingb.isc.bed.tobe
15.Seeinganoldmangettingoffthetrain,shehurriedover____thingsforhim.
acarryingb.tocarryc.carriedd.forcarrying
16.We’dreallylikeyou____tothepartytonight.
a.comeb.tocomec.willcomed.shouldcome
17.Itisateacher’sduty____therisinggeneration.
a.educateb.educatingc.toeducated.educates
18.Thebestway____thisprincipleistoseehowitactuallyworksinpractice.
a.understandingb.tounderstandc.beingunderstoodd.tohaveunderstood
19.Ifthemaidcomestoday,pleasehaveher____myshirts.
a.washedb.washingc.towashingd.wash
20.Wecandonothingbut____theexperiment.
a.torepeatb.repeatc.repeatingd.repeated
21.Suchathingshouldneverhavebeenallowed____inthefirstplace.
a.happensb.happenc.tohappend.happening
22.Inthedays____,China’satomicenergyindustrywillbetterservetheneedsofthenationaleconomyandthepeople’slivelihood.
a.willcomeb.comec.camed.tocome
23.Haveyougotanything____aboutthismatter?
a.sayingb.tosayc.saidd.say
24.Hewasnot____tryitagain.
a.suchafoolastob.soafoolastoc.afoolsuchastod.afoolsoasto
25.Hewastooexcited____.
a.togotosleepingb.tosleptc.togotosleepd.goingtosleep
26.Wecan’thavehim____likethatallday.
a.toworkb.workingc.tobeworkedd.work
27.
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