学年洋泾中学高三上英语期中考.docx

学年洋泾中学高三上英语期中考.docx

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学年洋泾中学高三上英语期中考

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:

Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Mostofusknowtostaylowtothefloorifwe'recaughtinafire,orheadtothebasementifatornado'scoming,orboardupthewindowsinhurricane.ButthemassiveearthquakethathitHaitilastyearwasareminderthatwe'refor__21__（expert）inwhattodowhenthegroundbelowusshakes.Ifwe'reinahouseorbuilding,forexample,ourfastimpulsemightbetorunoutside--but,counter-intuitive（违反直觉的）__22__itmightsound,expertswarnagainstthatsincepeoplearetoooftenkilledbyfallingdebrisastheytrytoescape.

Givenhowmanyofustravelinquake-proneregionstoday,evenfolkswhodon'tresideinCaliforniashouldknow__23__theysurviveanearthquake.Buttherearetwodifferent,andattimes__24__（compete）,schoolsofthoughtonthematter--bothofwhichareconsideredvalidbutperhapsnotalwaysinthesamesituations.

Themostconventionalandwidelyacceptedbythedisaster-responsecommunity,isthe"drop,coverandholdon"approach,__25__urgespeopletotakecoverbeneathsomethinglikeaheavytable__26__（avoid）fallingobjects.Thesecond,newermethodisknownas"thetriangleoflife."Itrecommendslyingdowninafetal（胎儿的）positionnotunderbutnexttofurniture:

asroofsandwallscollapseatopthosesofasanddesks,bufferspacesarecreatedthatprotectpeoplefrom__27__（crush）.

Overthepastdecade,anagreementhasbeenreachthat"drop,coverandholdon"isamoreappropriatemethodfordevelopedcountriesliketheU.S.,whereimprovedconstruction__28__（reduce）thelikelihoodofstructurescollapsinggreatly.ThetriangleoflifeisthoughttobemorepertinentindevelopingnationslikeHaiti,wherepoorbuildingcodesmakefindinga"survivablevoid"insidecollapsedbuildingsmoreimportantthanprotectingyourselffromfallingchandeliers."Youhavetothinkaboutthehazardleveloftheareayou'rein,"saysGaryPatterson,__29__geologistanddirectorofeducationandoutreachattheCenterforEarthquakeResearch&InformationattheUniversityofMemphisinTennessee."Ifyou'regoingtoplaytheodds,drop-and-cover__30__bethebestwaytogo,butalotofemergencyrespondersmightsaytriangle-of-lifebecausethey'retheoneswhoseethefatalitiesinbuildingsthatdocollapse."

SectionB

Directions:

Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.slipperyB.negativeC.extendingD.combinationE.refocusF.guilty

G.scanH.toughI.escapeJ.reasonableK.motivating

WhenStephanieAndelcanfeelhereyesglazeoverscrollingthroughacademicpapers,institutionalemailsorstudentmarking,she'llopenanewtabinherwebbrowserandexplore."Itakeafewminuteseveryhourortwotosurftheweb,lookatnewsor__31__myFacebookfeedtocatchupwithfriends,"Andel,assistantprofessorofpsychologyatIndianaUniversity--PurdueUniversityofIndianapolis,admits.

Thisphenomenonis"cyberloafing."Thewordisa（n）__32__of"cyber,"whichmeans"relatedtocomputers,"and"loafing,"whichmeans"relaxinginalazyway."

Itisa（n）__33__slope,whichcandamageproductivity.AstudyfromtheUniversityofTaxessuggestsweare__34__ofthisformofprocrastination（拖延）for14%ofourworkingday.OnaFridayafternoon,it'smorethanthat.

Cyberloafingisoftenpresentedasa__35__.Yetmorerecentresearchsuggeststhatadegreeofcyberloafingmaybebeneficialtoemployees;thosesmallbreakshelpthem__36__betweentasksandevendealwithworkplacestress.

Thekeyquestioniswhenashortbreaktoresetaftera__37__taskturnsintoprocrastination."There'safinelinebetweencyberloafingtorefreshthemindandwhenpeoplearedoingitasan__38__fromthetaskbecausetheyfindthetaskchallenging,"saysDrFuschiaSiroisoftheUniversityofSheffield'sDepartmentofPsychology.

Siroissaysthat__39__abreaktorecalibrate（重新校准）needstobedonewithcare."You'vealwaysgottobe__40__,"shesays."A15-minutebreakbecauseyourbrainisturningintomushisfine.Butifyoufindyourselfsayingyoujustneedanotherfewminutes,it'sbad.Ifyougopastthepointwhereyousetalimitonyourbreaktime,itjustbecomesprocrastination."

III.ReadingComprehensions

SectionA

Directions:

Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Gossip--allhumanstakepartinsomeformofit.Whetherit'sworkplacechatter,thesharingoffamilynewsorgrouptextsbetweenfriends,it's__41__thateveryonewhotalks,well,talksaboutotherpeople.__42__,a1993studyfoundthatmaleparticipantsspent55%andfemaleparticipantsspent67%oftheirconversationtimeon"thediscussionofsociallyrelevanttopics."

Peopletendtothinkofgossip__43__toill-intendedrumors,negativecommentsorthebreathlessspreadofatabloidscoop（小报独家新闻）.Butresearchersoftendefineitmorebroadly--as"talkingaboutpeoplewhoaren't__44__,"saysMeganRobbins,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyatTheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside."It'ssomethingthatcomesvery__45__tous"--it'sanessentialpartofconversation,informationsharingandevencommunitybuilding.

Ina2019studypublishedinthejournalSocialPsychologicalandPersonalityScience,Robbinsandacolleaguefoundthat,ofthe52minutesaday,onaverage,thatthe467subjectsspentgossiping,three-quartersofthatgossipwasactually__46__.Onesubject,forexample,spokeaboutsomeonewhowaswatchingalotofmoviestokeepupwiththetimes.

Justasmallportionoftheconversationsanalyzed--around15%--wasconsideredtobenegativegossip.Sowhileitistruethatpeoplecanspendasignificantamountoftimetalkingabouttheirpeers,oftentimesthatchatterisquite__47__.

So,whydopeoplegossip?

Someresearchersarguethatgossiphelpedour__48__tosurvive.EvolutionarypsychologistRobinDunbarfirstpioneeredthisidea,comparinggossiptothegrooming（清洁皮毛）thatmonkeysandotherprimates__49__asameansofformingcloserelationships.__50__pickingfleasanddirtoffoneanothertobond（联系）,wenowtalk.Thisis"wheregossipcomesin,becausechit-chatismostlytalkingaboutotherpeopleand__51__socialinformation."SaysDavidLudden,aprofessorofpsychologyatGeorgiaGwinnettCollege.

Gossiping,Dunbar'sworkargues,giveshumanstheabilitytospread__52__informationtoverylargesocialnetworks."Wearemuchmoresocialthanourancestors,soitcanbeveryhelpfultogetinformationaboutpeoplefromotherswhenthisnetworkistoo__53__toobservebyourselves."heexplainedina2003paperpublishedintheReviewofGeneralPsychology.

Somescholarsviewgossipasevidenceofcultural__54__,providingpeoplewithexamplesofwhat'ssociallyacceptable--andwhat'snot.Forexample,ifthere'ssomeonewhocheatsalotinacommunityorsocialcircleandpeoplestarttotalkaboutthatpersoninanegativeway,saysRobbins,thecollectivecriticismshouldwarnothersoftheconsequencesofcheating.Andaswordwillalmostalwaystravelbacktothesourceofsaidgossip,itcan"servetokeeppeopleincheck,__55__speaking,"Robbinsadds.

41.A.advisableB.embarrassingC.insignificantD.unavoidable

42.A.ByChanceB.IncomparisonC.InfactD.Forshort

43.A.applicableB.equivalentC.familiarD.resistant

44.A.approachableB.friendlyC.presentD.reliable

45.A.importantlyB.naturallyC.rapidlyD.secretly

46.A.positiveB.independentC.neutralD.unusual

47.A.amusingB.criticalC.harmlessD.pointless

48.A.ancestorsB.associationsC.customsD.relatives

49.A.appealtoB.callforC.engageinD.fightagainst

50.A.ExcludingB.InsteadofC.InspiteofD.Inresponseto

51.A.assessingB.conveyingC.requestingD.translating

52.A.detailedB.incredibleC.processedD.valuable

53.A.delicateB.extensiveC.strongD.supportive

54.A.buildingB.exchangingC.learningD.understanding

55.A.historicallyB.legallyC.morallyD.strictly

SectionB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

It'scommonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci'smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackatviewers,followingthemwithhereyesnomatterwheretheyareintheroom.Butthiscommonknowledgeturnsoutwrong.

Anewstudyfindsthatthewomaninthepaintingisactuallylookingoutatanangleof15.4°offtotheviewer'sright--welloutsidetherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhentheythinksomeoneislookingrightatthem.Inotherwords,saidthestudyauthor,Horstmann,"She'snotlookingatyou."

Thisisironic（讽刺）,becausetheentirephenomenonofaperson'sgazeinaphotographorpaintingseemingtofollowthevieweriscalledthe"MonaLisaeffect",whichisabsolutelyreal.Ifapersonisillustratedorphotographedlookingstraightahead,evenpeopleviewingtheportraitfromananglewillfeeltheyarebeinglookedat.Aslongasattheangleoftheperson'sgazeisnomorethanabout5degreesofftoeitherside,theMonaLisaeffectoccurs.

Horstmannandhisco-authorwerestudying