学年洋泾中学高三上英语期中考.docx

1、学年洋泾中学高三上英语期中考II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word t

2、hat best fits each blank. Most of us know to stay low to the floor if were caught in a fire, or head to the basement if a tornados coming, or board up the windows in hurricane. But the massive earthquake that hit Haiti last year was a reminder that were for _21_ (expert) in what to do when the groun

3、d below us shakes. If were in a house or building, for example, our fast impulse might be to run outside - but, counter-intuitive（违反直觉的）_22_ it might sound, experts warn against that since people are too often killed by falling debris as they try to escape. Given how many of us travel in quake-prone

4、 regions today, even folks who dont reside in California should know _23_ they survive an earthquake. But there are two different, and at times _24_ (compete), schools of thought on the matter - both of which are considered valid but perhaps not always in the same situations. The most conventional a

5、nd widely accepted by the disaster-response community, is the drop, cover and hold on approach, _25_ urges people to take cover beneath something like a heavy table _26_ (avoid) falling objects. The second, newer method is known as the triangle of life. It recommends lying down in a fetal（胎儿的）positi

6、on not under but next to furniture: as roofs and walls collapse atop those sofas and desks, buffer spaces are created that protect people from _27_ (crush). Over the past decade, an agreement has been reach that drop, cover and hold on is a more appropriate method for developed countries like the U.

7、 S., where improved construction _28_ (reduce) the likelihood of structures collapsing greatly. The triangle of life is thought to be more pertinent in developing nations like Haiti, where poor building codes make finding a survivable void inside collapsed buildings more important than protecting yo

8、urself from falling chandeliers. You have to think about the hazard level of the area youre in, says Gary Patterson, _29_ geologist and director of education and outreach at the Center for Earthquake Research & Information at the University of Memphis in Tennessee. If youre going to play the odds, d

9、rop-and-cover _30_ be the best way to go, but a lot of emergency responders might say triangle-of-life because theyre the ones who see the fatalities in buildings that do collapse.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note th

10、at there is one word more than you need. A. slippery B. negative C. extending D. combination E. refocus F. guiltyG. scan H. tough I. escape J. reasonable K. motivating When Stephanie Andel can feel her eyes glaze over scrolling through academic papers, institutional emails or student marking, shell

11、open a new tab in her web browser and explore. I take a few minutes every hour or two to surf the web, look at news or _31_ my Facebook feed to catch up with friends, Andel, assistant professor of psychology at Indiana University - Purdue University of Indianapolis, admits. This phenomenon is cyberl

12、oafing. The word is a(n) _32_ of cyber, which means related to computers, and loafing, which means relaxing in a lazy way.It is a(n) _33_ slope, which can damage productivity. A study from the University of Taxes suggests we are _34_ of this form of procrastination（拖延）for 14% of our working day. On

13、a Friday afternoon, its more than that. Cyberloafing is often presented as a _35_. Yet more recent research suggests that a degree of cyberloafing may be beneficial to employees; those small breaks help them _36_ between tasks and even deal with workplace stress. The key question is when a short bre

14、ak to reset after a _37_ task turns into procrastination. Theres a fine line between cyberloafing to refresh the mind and when people are doing it as an _38_ from the task because they find the task challenging, says Dr Fuschia Sirois of the University of Sheffields Department of Psychology. Sirois

15、says that _39_ a break to recalibrate（重新校准）needs to be done with care. Youve always got to be _40_, she says. A 15-minute break because your brain is turning into mush is fine. But if you find yourself saying you just need another few minutes, its bad. If you go past the point where you set a limit

16、on your break time, it just becomes procrastination. III. Reading Comprehensions Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Gossip - all humans take part in

17、 some form of it. Whether its workplace chatter, the sharing of family news or group texts between friends, its _41_ that everyone who talks, well, talks about other people. _42_, a 1993 study found that male participants spent 55% and female participants spent 67% of their conversation time on the

18、discussion of socially relevant topics. People tend to think of gossip _43_ to ill-intended rumors, negative comments or the breathless spread of a tabloid scoop（小报独家新闻）. But researchers often define it more broadly - as talking about people who arent _44_, says Megan Robbins, an assistant professor

19、 of psychology at The University of California, Riverside. Its something that comes very _45_ to us - its an essential part of conversation, information sharing and even community building. In a 2019 study published in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science, Robbins and a colleague

20、 found that, of the 52 minutes a day, on average, that the 467 subjects spent gossiping, three-quarters of that gossip was actually _46_. One subject, for example, spoke about someone who was watching a lot of movies to keep up with the times. Just a small portion of the conversations analyzed - aro

21、und 15% - was considered to be negative gossip. So while it is true that people can spend a significant amount of time talking about their peers, oftentimes that chatter is quite _47_. So, why do people gossip?Some researchers argue that gossip helped our _48_ to survive. Evolutionary psychologist R

22、obin Dunbar first pioneered this idea, comparing gossip to the grooming（清洁皮毛）that monkeys and other primates _49_ as a means of forming close relationships. _50_ picking fleas and dirt off one another to bond（联系）, we now talk. This is where gossip comes in, because chit-chat is mostly talking about

23、other people and _51_ social information. Says David Ludden, a professor of psychology at Georgia Gwinnett College. Gossiping, Dunbars work argues, gives humans the ability to spread _52_ information to very large social networks. We are much more social than our ancestors, so it can be very helpful

24、 to get information about people from others when this network is too _53_ to observe by ourselves. he explained in a 2003 paper published in the Review of General Psychology. Some scholars view gossip as evidence of cultural _54_, providing people with examples of whats socially acceptable - and wh

25、ats not. For example, if theres someone who cheats a lot in a community or social circle and people start to talk about that person in a negative way, says Robbins, the collective criticism should warn others of the consequences of cheating. And as word will almost always travel back to the source o

26、f said gossip, it can serve to keep people in check, _55_ speaking, Robbins adds. 41. A. advisable B. embarrassing C. insignificant D. unavoidable 42. A. By Chance B. In comparison C. In fact D. For short 43. A. applicable B. equivalent C. familiar D. resistant 44. A. approachable B. friendly C. pre

27、sent D. reliable 45. A. importantly B. naturally C. rapidly D. secretly 46. A. positive B. independent C. neutral D. unusual 47. A. amusing B. critical C. harmless D. pointless 48. A. ancestors B. associations C. customs D. relatives 49. A. appeal to B. call for C. engage in D. fight against 50. A.

28、Excluding B. Instead of C. In spite of D. In response to 51. A. assessing B. conveying C. requesting D. translating 52. A. detailed B. incredible C. processed D. valuable 53. A. delicate B. extensive C. strong D. supportive 54. A. building B. exchanging C. learning D. understanding 55. A. historical

29、ly B. legally C. morally D. strictly Section BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the pass

30、age you have just read. (A)Its common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vincis most famous painting seems to look back at viewers, following them with her eyes no matter where they are in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong. A new study finds that the woman in the painting is a

31、ctually looking out at an angle of 15.4off to the viewers right - well outside the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, Shes not looking at you.This is ironic（讽刺）, because the entire phenomenon of a per

32、sons gaze in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the Mona Lisa effect, which is absolutely real. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as at the angle of the persons gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs. Horstmann and his co-author were studying