常用园艺科技术语中英文对照表中国文化大学园艺暨生物技术学系.docx

常用园艺科技术语中英文对照表中国文化大学园艺暨生物技术学系.docx

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常用园艺科技术语中英文对照表中国文化大学园艺暨生物常用园艺科技术语中英文对照表中国文化大学园艺暨生物技术学系技术学系常用園藝科技437用語中英文對照表主編：

熊同銓老師協審：

阮素芬老師排版：

汪欣萍助理中文英文1.敗育花粉2.離層（離層區；離層帶）3.副芽4.人為馴化5.酸性土（酸土）6.不定芽7.不定根8.空中壓條（高壓法；中國壓條法；高壓繁殖法）9.普通通風貯藏10.兩性生殖（兩性融合生殖）11.被子植物（開花植物；顯花植物）12.一年生植物Aabortivepollenabscissionzone（abscissionlayer）accessorybud（secondarybud；supernumerarybud）acclimatizationacidsoiladventitiousbudadventitiousrootairlayering（malcoting；Chineselayering；circumposition；marcottage）air-cooledstorage（ventilatedcommonstorage）amphimixis（amphimixy）angiosperm（floweringplant）annualplantantagonismantherculture（microsporeculture）apicaldominanceapicalmeristemcultureapproachgrafting（approaching）artificialcrossing13.拮抗作用14.花藥培養（小孢子培養）15.頂芽優勢（頂端優勢）16.頂分生組織培養17.靠接18.人工雜交19.人工培養基（合成培養基）20.人工授粉21.人工種子（合成種子）22.無性繁殖（營養繁殖）23.返祖現象（回復變異）24.自營性（自養性）25.有效水分26.回交27.結果枝28.屈枝（偃枝；曲枝；拉枝）artificialmedium（syntheticmedium）artificialpollination（handpollination）artificialseed（syntheticseed）asexualpropagation（vegetativepropagation）atavism（reversion；atavismus）autotrophyavailablewaterBbackcrossbearingbranch（fruitbranch）bendingbiennialbearingbiennialplantbioassaybiologicalclockbiologicalcontrolbiologicalnitrogenfixationbiosynthesisbiotransformationblanchingculture（bleachingculture）block（cubes）boltingbotanybreakingofdormancybreedingbridgegraftingbudmutation（budsport；sport）budpollination29.隔年結果（大小年現象；周期性結果）30.二年生植物（兩年生植物）31.生物檢定法（生物測定法）32.生物時鐘（生理時鐘；生物鐘；生理鐘）33.生物防治34.生物固氮作用35.生合成（生物合成）36.生物轉殖（生物轉型）37.軟化栽培38.塊盆39.抽苔40.植物學41.打破休眠42.育種43.橋接44.芽條突變buddingCcallus（parenchymatouscellmass）Calvincycle（Calvin-Bensoncycle；C3cycle）carbondioxidecompensationpointcarbondioxidefertilizationcarbondioxidesaturationpointcauliflorycentral-leadertrainingchemicalresistance（resistancetochemical）chemicalthinningchemicalweedcontrolchillinginjurychillingresistancechimera（mosaic）chromosomeclimactericfruitclonalrootstockclonalvariationclonecoatedseedcoldstratification（coldmoistenstratification）commensalismcompletefertilizercompleteflower45.蕾期授粉46.芽接47.癒合組織48.卡爾文循環（三碳途徑；三碳循環）49.二氧化碳補償點50.二氧化碳施肥法51.二氧化碳飽和點52.幹上開花（老莖開花現象；莖花現象）53.中央主幹型整枝54.抗藥性55.藥劑疏剪（化學藥劑疏剪；藥劑間疏）56.化學雜草防治57.寒害（冷害；低溫障礙）58.抗冷性59.嵌合體（嵌鑲體）compostcompoundfertilizercontactherbicidecontainernurserycontinuouscroppingcontrolledatmospherestorage（CAstorage）cooling（precooling）cotyledoncriticalnight-length（criticaldark-period）cropgrowthrate（CGR）croprotationcrosscompatibilitycultivar（cultivatedvariety）culturalcontrolculturemediumcuringDdamping-off（bedrot）day-neutralplant（DNP）decapitationdefoliatingdegreeningdehiscentfruitdeterminateinflorescencedevernalizationdiagnosisdichogamydicotyledon（dicot）60.染色體61.更年型果實（有呼吸躍變型果實；高峰型果實）62.無性砧木63.營養系變異64.營養系65.包裹種子（覆膜種子）66.濕冷層積法67.片利共生（片利共棲；偏利共棲）68.完全肥料69.完全花70.堆肥71.複合肥料72.接觸性殺草劑73.容器苗圃74.連作75.氣調貯藏（人工大氣貯藏；調節氣體貯藏）differentiationdioecismdiploiddisbuddingdiseasetolerance（tolerancetodisease）dominancedormancydoublecroppingdoubledormancydoubleworkingdrainagedrilling（drillseeding）droughtresistancedryfruitdwarfstockdwarfingcultureEearlyvarietyecodormancy（quiescence；imposeddormancy；externaldormancy；environmentaldormancy）ecospeciesectotrophicmycorrhiza（ectomycorrhiza）edibleplantelectricalconductivity（EC）emasculation（castration）embryocultureendocarp76.預冷77.子葉78.臨界暗期（臨界夜長）79.作物生長速率80.輪作81.雜交親和性82.栽培品種（栽培變種）83.栽培防治84.栽培介質85.癒傷處理（癒傷；療傷；調理；發汗）86.猝倒病（腰折病；立枯病；苗枯病）87.日照中性植物（中性植物；日長鈍感植物）88.去頂作用89.摘葉（去葉；剪葉；除葉）90.催色endodormancy（rest；turedormancy；spontaneousdormancy；internaldormancy；physiologicaldormancy）endotrophicmycorrhiza（endomycorrhiza）enzymeepiphyte（aerophyte）espaliertraining（trellistraining）essentialelementetiolationevergreenplantexocarp（epicarp；ectocarp；peel；skin）expandedclayexplantFF1generation（F1hybrid）F1hybridF1-weaknessfallowfeedbackinhibitionfertilizationfertilizerfieldcapacityfieldheatfloodirrigation（flooding）floralpreservativeflowerbudflowerdevelopment（floraldevelopment）flowerformation（floralformation）91.裂果（開裂果）92.有限花序93.逆春化作用（脫春化作用）94.病害診斷（病害診斷法）95.雌雄異熟96.雙子葉植物97.分化98.雌雄異株（雌雄異體）99.二倍體100.摘芽（除芽）101.耐病性102.顯性（優勢）103.休眠104.二期作（雙期作；二重作）105.雙重休眠106.雙重嫁接107.排水108.條播flowerinduction（floralinduction）flowerinitiation（floralinitiation）flowermaturation（floralmaturation）flowerthinning（defloration；deblossoming）floweringforcingculture（forcing）freezinginjuryfreezingresistancefruitthinningfruittreefumigationfungicidefungusGgeneconversiongenemutationgenetictransformationgeneticsgeotropismgerminationpercentagegraftcompatibility（congeniality；graftingaffinity）grafteffectgraftincompatibilitygraftedcuttinggraftinggranularstructuregravitationalwater109.抗旱性110.乾果111.矮化砧112.矮化栽培113.早生品種（早熟品種）114.生態型休眠（靜止；被動休眠；外生性休眠；環境性休眠）115.生態種116.外生菌根（外營性菌根）117.食用植物（可食植物）118.土壤電導度（土壤導電度）119.去雄120.胚培養121.內果皮122.內生性休眠（休止；真休眠；自greenmaturegreenhouseeffectgreenhouse（glasshouse）growthcurvegymnospermgynogenesisHhaploidhardeninghardwoodcuttinghardyplantharvestingheadingbackheattreatmentherb（herbaceousplant）herbicide（weedkiller）heterotrophyhorticulturalmaturity（commercialmaturity；harvestingmaturity）hostplanthotwaterdiphumushybridsterilityhybridizationhydrocoolinghydrophyte（aquaticplant；hygrophyte）hydrotropismhygroscopicwaterhypobaricstorage（vacuumstorage；動休眠；內在休眠；生理性休眠；內生休眠；內休眠）123.內生菌根（內營性菌根）124.酵素（酶）125.附生植物（氣生植物）126.垣籬式整枝（樹牆式整枝）127.必需元素128.白化（黃化）129.常綠植物130.外果皮131.發泡煉石132.培植體133.雜交一代（子一代；第一子代）134.一代雜交種（F1雜交種）lowpressurestorage）Iimmatureembryocultureimpermeabledormancyinbreedingdepressionincompatibilityincompleteflowerincompleteleafindeterminateinflorescenceindicatorplantinducedmutationinflorescenceinorganicfertilizer（mineralfertilizer）insectpest（pestinsect）insecticideintercropping（inter-cropping）intermediatedayplantinterspecifichybridizationinterstockintertillageirradiationJJuvenilityLlandpreparation（tillage）latentbud（dormantbud）layerage（layering）leafcuttinglightcompensationpoint135.雜交弱勢136.休耕137.回饋抑制（反饋抑制）138.受精139.肥料140.田間容水量141.田間熱142.淹灌143.切花保鮮劑144.花芽145.花芽發育146.花芽形成147.花芽誘導（催花）148.花芽創始（花芽發生；花芽始發）149.花器成熟150.疏花（摘花）151.開花過程152.促成栽培lightsaturationpointliquidculturelong-dayplant（LDP）Mmacronutrient（majorelement）malesterilitymanurematuritymechanicalharvestingmeristemculture（shootapexculture）mesocarpmetabolismmetamorphosismetaxeniamicrograftingmicropropagation（invitropropagation）minornutrient（micro-element）mistpropagationmixedcroppingmodifiedatmospherestorage（MAstorage）monocotyledonmonoculturemonoecismmorphogenesismorphologicaldormancy（rudimentaryandundevelopedembryo）MSmedium（MurashigeandSkoogmedium）153.凍害154.抗凍性155.疏果156.果樹157.燻蒸158.殺菌劑159.真菌（黴菌）160.基因轉換（基因轉變）161.基因突變162.遺傳轉殖（遺傳轉型）163.遺傳學164.向地性165.發芽率166.嫁接親和性167.嫁接效應168.嫁接不親和性169.接插170.嫁接（接木）mulchmultiplecroppingmultiplefruitmutationmycoplasmamycorrhizaNnaturalcrossingnaturalenemynematocidenightbreak（nightinterruption）nitrogenfixationnon-climactericfruitnucellarembryony（nucellarbudding）nutnutrientsolutionnutritionaldeficiencysymptom（deficiencysymptom）Oorgancultureorganicagriculture（organicfarming；biologicalfarming；renewablefarming；renewableagriculture；regenerativeagriculture；gardeningagriculture；biologicalagriculture）organicsoilornamentals（ornamentalplants）orthodoxseed（medium-livedseed）osmoticpriming（osmoconditioning）outcrossovaryculture171.團粒構造（團粒結構）172.重力水173.綠熟（硬熟）174.溫室效應175.溫室176.生物曲線177.裸子植物178.孤雌生殖（雌性生殖；雌性單偽生殖）179.單倍體180.健化（硬化；鍛鍊）181.硬木插182.耐寒植物183.採收（收穫）184.截剪（截枝）185.熱處理186.草本植物overgrowthovuleculturePparasiticplantparthenocarpyparthenogenesispathogenpeatmoss（mosspeat）pelletedseedperennialplantperfectflower（bisexualflower；hermaphroditicflower）pericarpperlitepermanentplantingpermanentwiltingpointpesticideresidue（residueonedibleproduct）phenotypephotodormancyphotomorphogenesisphotoperiodism（photoperiodicity）photorespirationphotosynthesisphotosyntheticratephototropism（heliotropism）physicalcontrolphysiologicalagephysiologicaldisorder（physiologicaldisease；abioticdisease）187.殺草劑（除草劑）188.異營性（異養性）189.園藝成熟度（商業成熟；採收成熟）190.寄主植物191.溫湯處理192.腐植質193.雜草不稔性194.雜交195.冰水預冷196.水生植物（濕生植物）197.向水性198.吸著水199.減壓貯藏（真空貯藏；低壓貯藏）200.未成熟胚培養201.不透性休眠physiologicalmaturation（physiologicalmaturity；maturation）phytotronpinchingplantanatomyplantdiseaseandinsectpestcontrol（controlofplantdiseaseandinsectpest）plantgrowthregulator（plantgrowthsubstance）planthormone（phytohormone）plantmorphologyplantnutritionplantpathologyplantprotectionplantsymptom（diseasesymptom；symptomofdisease）planttaxonomyplanttissueculture（invitroculture）plantingdistance（spacing）polycarpicplantpolyembryonypolyploidpostharvesthandlingpropagationprotandryprotogynyprotoplastculture（nakedcellculture）pruningpureline202.近交弱勢203.不親和性（不相容性）204.不完全花205.不完全葉206.無限花序207.指示植物（指標植物）208.誘發突變209.花序210.無機質肥料（礦物質肥料）211.害蟲212.殺蟲劑213.間作214.定日性植物（中日性植物；中間日照性植物）215.種間雜交216.中間砧217.中耕QquarantineRratooningrecalcitrantseed（short-livedseed）redifferentiationrefrigeratedstorageregenerativecapacity（regenerativeactivity）rejuvenationrenewalpruningreproductionreproductivegrowthrespirationrevigorationrhizomeridging（hilling；molding）ringing（cincturing；girdling）ripeningtreatmentrockwoolblockrootballrootcuttingrootpressurerootpruning（wrenching）rootknotnematodeSsaltinjurysaltresistancesandculture218.輻照處理（照射處理）219.幼年性（童年性）220.整地（耕耘）221.潛伏芽（休眠芽）222.壓條223.葉插224.光補償點225.光飽和點226.液體培養227.長日植物（長日性植物；長日照植物）228.巨量元素229.雄不稔性（雄不孕性）230.天然肥料231.成熟度232.機械採收scalingscion（sion；cion）secondarytissueseedtreatmentseedviabilityseedlessfruitseedlingself-incompatibilitysenescenceserialmicrograf