四级阅读训练.docx

四级阅读训练.docx

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四级阅读训练

PartIIReadingComprehension（35minutes）

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Peopletendtobemoreimpressedbyevidencethatseemstoconfirmsomerelationship.Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsareprophetic（预言的）becauseafewhavecometrue;theyfailtonoticethemanythathavenot.Consideralsothebeliefthat“thephonealwaysringswhenI’mintheshower.”Ifitdoesringwhileyouareintheshower,theeventwillstandoutandberemembered.Ifitdoesn’tring,thatnoneventprobablywon’tevenregister（留下印象）.

Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.Consider,forexample,thecommonbeliefthatthingslikepersonalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeaths“happeninthrees.”Suchbeliefsstemfromthetendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimeperiod.Ifthreeplanecrashesoccurinamonth,thentheperiodoftimethatcountsastheir“happeningtogether”isonemonth;ifthreecrashesoccurinayear,theperiodoftimeisstretched.Flexibleendpointsreinforcesuchbeliefs.

Wealsotendtobelievewhatwewanttobelieve.Amajorityofpeoplethinktheyaremoreintelligent,morefair-mindedandmoreskilledbehindthewheelofanautomobilethantheaverageperson.Partofthereasonweviewourselvessofavorablyisthatweusecriteriathatworktoouradvantage.AseconomistThomasSchellingexplains,“Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:

carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy,”Thiswayeveryonerankshighonhisownscale.

Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautious（谨慎的）indrawingconclusions.The“evidence”ofeverydaylifeissometimesmisleading.

21.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorstatesthat________.

A）dreamscannotbesaidtobepropheticeventhoughafewhavecometrue

B）dreamsarepropheticbecausesomeofthemdidcometrue

C）dreamsmaycometrueifclearlyremembered

D）dreamsandrealityarecloselyrelated（A）

22.By“thingslike...”“happeninthrees”（Para.3,Line2）,theauthorindicatesthatpeoplebelieve________.

A）personalmisfortunestendtohappeneverynowandthen

B）personalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeathsusuallyhappentogether

C）misfortunestendtooccuraccordingtocertainpatterns

D）misfortuneswillneveroccurmorethanthreetimestoapersoninhislifetime（C）

23.Tenword“courtesy”（Para.4,line6）probablymeans________.

A）goodmanners

B）appropriatespeech

C）friendlyrelations

D）satisfactoryservice（A）

24.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

________.

A）Happeningsthatgounnoticeddeservemoreattention.

B）Inaseriesofmisfortunesthethirdoneisusuallythemostserious.

C）Peopletendtomakeuseofevidencethatsupportstheirownbeliefs.

D）Believersofmisfortuneshappeninginthreesarecautiousininterpretingevents.（A）

25.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.

A）thereissometrutheveninthewildestdreams

B）oneshouldtakenoticeofotherpeople’smerits

C）thereisnoorderorpatterninworldevents

D）weshouldnotbaseourconclusionsonaccidentalevidence（D）

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

IthasbeenthoughtandsaidthatAfricansarebornwithmusicaltalent.BecausemusicissoimportantinthelivesofmanyAfricansandbecausesomuchmusicisperformedinAfrica,weareinclinedtothinkthatAfricansaremusicians.Theimpressionisstrengthenedwhenwelookatourselvesandfindthatwehavebecomelargelyasocietyofmusicalspectators（旁观）.Musicisimportanttous,butmostofuscanbeconsideredconsumersratherthanproducersofmusic.Wehaverecords,television,concerts,andradiotofulfillmanyofourmusicalneeds.Inmostsituationswheremusicisperformedinourcultureitisnotdifficulttodistinguishtheaudiencefromtheperformers,butsuchisoftennotthecaseinAfrica.AlbanAyipaga,aKasenasemiprofessionalmusicianfromnorthernGhana,saysthatwhenhisflute（长笛）anddrumensemble（歌舞团）isperforming.“Anybodycantakepart”.Thisistrue,butKasenamusiciansrecognizethatnotallpeopleareequallycapableoftakingpartinthemusic.Somecansingalongwiththedrummers,butrelativelyfewcandrumandevenfewercanplaytheflutealongwiththeensemble.ItisfairlycommoninAfricafortheretobeanensembleofexpertmusicianssurroundedbyotherswhojoininbyclapping,singing,orsomehowaddingtothetotalityofmusicalsound.Performancesoftentakeplaceinanopenarea（thatis,notonastage）andsothelinesbetweentheperformingnucleusandtheadditionalperformers,activespectators,andpassivespectatorsmaybedifficulttodrawfromourpointofview.

26.ThedifferencebetweenusandAfricans,asfarasmusicisconcerned,isthat________.

A）mostofusareconsumerswhilemostofthemareproducersofmusic

B）wearemusicalperformersandtheyaresemiprofessionalmusicians

C）mostofusarepassivespectatorswhiletheyareactivespectators

D）wearetheaudienceandtheyaretheadditionalperformers（C）

27.Theword“such”（Line6）referstothefactthat________.

A）musicisperformedwiththeparticipationoftheaudience

B）musicisperformedwithouttheparticipationoftheaudience

C）peopletendtodistinguishtheaudiencefromtheperformers

D）peoplehaverecords,televisionsetsandradiotofulfilltheirmusicalneeds（B）

28.Theauthorofthepassageimpliesthat________.

A）allAfricansaremusicalandthereforemuchmusicisperformedinAfrica

B）notallAfricansarebornwithmusicaltalentalthoughmusicisimportantintheirlives

C）mostAfricansarecapableofjoininginthemusicbyplayingmusicalinstruments

D）mostAfricansperformaswellasprofessionalmusicians（B）

29.Theword“nucleus”（Line13）probablyrefersto________.

A）musiciansfamousinAfrica

B）musiciansatthecenterofattention

C）musiciansactingasthecoreinaperformance

D）activeparticipantsinamusicalperformance（D）

30.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.

A）TheImportanceofMusictoAfricanPeople

B）DifferencesBetweenAfricanMusicandMusicofOtherCountries

C）TheRelationshipBetweenMusiciansandTheirAudience

D）ACharacteristicFeatureofAfricanMusicalPerformances（D）

PassageThree

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Mostpeoplewouldagreethat,althoughourageexceedsallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrespondingincreaseinwisdom.ButAgreementceasesassoonasweattempttodefine“wisdom”andconsidermeansofpromotingit.

Thereareseveralfactorsthatcontributetowisdom.OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion:

thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.Thishasbecomemoredifficultthanitusedtobeowingtotheextentandcomplexityofthespecialknowledgerequiredofvariouskindsoftechnicians.Suppose,forexample,thatyouareengagedinresearchinscientificmedicine.Theworkisdifficultandislikelytoabsorbthewholeofyourmind.Youhavenotimetoconsidertheeffectwhichyourdiscoveriesorinventionsmayhaveoutsidethefieldofmedicine.Yousucceed（letussay）asmodernmedicinehassucceeded,inenormouslyloweringtheinfantdeath-rate,notonlyinEuropeandAmerica,butalsoinAsiaandAfrica.Thishastheentirelyunintendedresultofmakingthefoodsupplyinadequateandlowingthestandardoflifeinthepartsoftheworldthathavethegreatestpopulations.Totakeanevenmoredramaticexample,whichisineverybody’smindatthepresenttime;youstudythemakeupoftheatomfromadisinterested（无利害关系的）desireforknowledge,andbychanceplaceinthehandsofapowerfulmadmanthemeansofdestroyingthehumanrace.

Therefore,witheveryincreaseofknowledgeandskill,wisdombecomesmorenecessary,foreverysuchincreaseaugments（增强）ourcapacityforrealizingourpurposes,andthereforeaugmentsourcapacityforevil,ifourpurposeareunwise.

31.Disagreementariseswhenpeopletrytodecide________.

A）howmuchmorewisdomwehavenowthanbefore

B）whatwisdomisandhowtodevelopit

C）ifthereisagreatincreaseofwisdominourage

D）whetherwisdomcanbedevelopedornot（B）

32.Accordingtotheauthor,“wisdom”istheabilityto________.

A）carefullyconsiderthebadeffectsofanykindofresearchwork

B）giveeachimportantproblemsomecarefulconsideration

C）acquireagreatdealofcomplexandspecialknowledge

D）givesuitableconsiderationtoallthepossibleelementsinaproblem（D）

33.Loweringtheinfantdeath-ratemay________.

A）provetobehelpfuleverywhereintheworld

B）giverisetoanincreaseinpopulationinEurope

C）causefoodshortagesinAsiaandAfrica

D）raisethelivingstandardofthepeopleinAfrica（C）

34.Theauthorusestheexamplesinthepassagetoillustratehispointthat________.

A）it’sextremelydifficulttoconsideralltheimportantelementsinproblem

B）successinmedicalresearchhasitsnegativeeffects

C）scientistsmayunknowinglycausedestructiontothehumanrace

D）it’sunwisetobetotallyabsorbedinresearchinscientificmedicine（A）

35.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A）Itisunwisetoplacetheresultsofscientificresearchinthehandsofapowerfulmadman.

B）Themoreknowledgeonehas,thewiseronebecomes.

C）Anyincreaseofknowledgecouldleadtodisastrousresultswithouttheguidanceofwisdom.

D）Wisdomincreasesinproportiontoone’sage.（C）

PassageFour

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ForanygiventaskinBritaintherearemorementhanareneeded.Strongunion