耶鲁公开课心理学导论16中英字幕.docx

耶鲁公开课心理学导论16中英字幕.docx

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耶鲁公开课心理学导论16中英字幕

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17.89,在以后的两节课里我们将讨论有关社会心理学的内容Thisisgoingtobeginatwo-lecturesequenceonsocialpsychologyon

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22.27,有关我们如何看待自己如何看待看待他人howwethinkaboutourselves,howwethinkaboutotherpeople,

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24.56,如何看待其他群体的成员howwethinkaboutothergroupsofpeople.

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29.23,我们已经讨论过很多人类心理能力We'vetalkedalotaboutthecapacities

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32.69,其中一些能力包括ofthehumanmindandsomeofthesecapacities

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37.43,适应和处理物质世界的involveadaptinganddealingwiththematerialworld.

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42.39,因此我们必须选择食物必须在世界中漫游So,wehavetochoosefoods,wehavetonavigatearoundtheworld,

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44.02,必须识别物体wehavetorecognizeobjects,

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49.32,必须能够理解自然界的相互作用wehavetobeabletounderstandphysicalinteractions.

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51.87,但可能我们进化成的心理Butprobablythemostinterestingaspectof

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57.31,最有趣的方面是我们能够理解他人与他人打交道ourevolvedmindsisourcapacitytounderstandanddealwithotherpeople.

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03.11,我们对他人如何工作非常感兴趣Weareintenselyinterestedinhowotherpeoplework.

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10.06,二零零五年有个大新闻Thestorythatwasadominantnewsstoryin2005wasthis.

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14.03,你们中的一些人那些看不到屏幕的人Andsomeofyou--this--forthoseofyouwhoaren'tseeingthescreen,

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18.26,这是有关詹妮弗·安妮丝顿和布拉德·皮特的离婚案istheseparationofJenniferAnistonandBradPitt.

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21.79,我还记得我第一次听说这事是在什么地方IrememberwhereIwaswhenIfirstheardaboutthis.

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30.40,这非常有趣就是记得作为心理学家Andit'saninterestingsight.Justremember--steppingback.Aspsychologists

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33.59,我们必须对肯定的事情提出疑问我们要质疑所谓的常识wehavetoquestionthenatural.Wehavetotakethings

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38.58,并研究它们刚刚发生的事情是thatarecommonsenseandexplorethem.Andonethingwhichjusthappensis,

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40.06,我们为这些事情所着迷we'refascinatedbythisstuff.

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42.80,我们对名人的生活感兴趣We'refascinatedbythelivesofcelebrities.

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45.77,我们对他人的社会生活非常感兴趣We'refascinatedbythesociallivesofotherpeople.

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50.50,为什么会这样呢这是个有趣的问题Andit'saninterestingquestiontoaskwhy.

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52.86,这是我将在之后两节课中Andthisisoneofthequestions

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56.45,会讲到的问题之一whichI'mgoingtodealwithinthenextcoupleoflectures

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59.95,但在我开始讲社会心理学理论之前butbeforeIgettothetheoryofsocialpsychology

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02.67,我想先讨论一项个体差异Iwanttotalkaboutanindividualdifference.

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07.07,几周前我们用了一节课的时间So,wedevotedalectureearlyon--ofacoupleofweeksago,

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12.17,讲述人与人之间智力和人格上的个体差异toindividualdifferencesacrosspeopleinintelligenceandpersonality.

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17.06,我想讲有关人在社会属性方面的差异Iwanttotalkalittlebitaboutanindividualdifferenceinoursocialnatures

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20.34,然后给大家做个测验andthenIwantpeopletodoatestthatwillexplore

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23.03,看看你们处于什么位置whereyoustandonacontinuum.

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26.46,你面前放着的那张纸就是测验Thattestisthepieceofpaperyouhaveinfrontofyou.

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28.94,没有拿到的同学请举手Anybodywhodoesn'thaveitpleaseraiseyourhand

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30.92,助教会发给你andoneoftheteachingfellowswillbringittoyou.

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35.00,不要着急你现在还不知道怎么做Youdon'tknowwhattodoyetwithitsodon'tworry.

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37.99,这个测试是马尔科姆·格拉德威尔ThetestwasdevelopedactuallybyMalcolmGladwell

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43.49,他是一位科普作家在他著作《引爆流行》中开发的whoisasciencewriter--inhiswonderfulbookTheTippingPoint.

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45.41,格拉德威尔在测验介绍中Andasheintroducesthetest,

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50.70,他详述了斯坦利·米尔格拉姆的另一个实验GladwellrecountsanotherexperimentdonebyStanleyMilgram,

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55.11,当然米尔格拉姆因服从实验闻名但他也做了很多有趣的事ofcoursefamousforhisobedienceworkbuthedidalotofinterestingthings.

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03.33,在一项经典实验中他将包裹给从内布拉斯加州的奥马哈人中Andoneclassicstudyhedidwashegaveapackageto160peoplerandomlychosen

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11.29,随机挑选的一百六十人然后让这些人无论如何将包裹送给inOmaha,Nebraskaandheaskedthesepeopletogetthepackagesomehow

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14.15,这在很多年前还没有因特网andthiswasmanyyearsagobeforetheinternet,

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19.97,没有电邮要将包裹送到一个在波士顿工作beforee-mail?

TogetthepackagetoastockbrokerwhoworkedinBoston

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23.13,却住在马萨诸塞州雪伦市的股票经纪人butlivedinSharon,Massachusetts.

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26.90,他发现大多数人竟然做到了Whathefoundwasthatmostpeoplewereabletodoit.

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29.56,当然没有人认识这个人Nobody,ofcourse,knewthisman

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33.47,但他们认识那些可能认识这个人的人buttheyknewpeoplewhomightknowpeoplewhowouldknowthisman.

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38.72,所以大多数人成功了大多数人都能将包裹送至这个人So,mostpeoplesucceeded.Mostpeoplewereabletogetthepackagestothisman

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45.29,这就是六度分隔理论andittookatmaximumsixdegreesofseparation,

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48.27,著名的短语的出处whichiswherethefamousphrasecomesabout

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52.48,我们与他人的间隔只有六个人而已thatwe'reallseparatedfromanotherpersonbysixdegreesofseparation.

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53.91,这不是普遍正确的Thisisnottrueingeneral.

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57.83,只在美国内做过实验Thiswasavery--asingleexperimentdonewithintheUnitedStates,

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59.63,但这个想法非常吸引人buttheideaisappealing,

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03.94,人们是通过一系列人脉与其他人联系的thatpeopleareconnectedtooneanotherviachainsofpeople.

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10.91,米尔格拉姆发现特别有趣的是ButwhatMilgramfoundthatwasparticularlyinterestingwas

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19.69,半数的被试仅通过两个人就将包裹送到了thatinabouthalfofthecasesthesepackageswentthroughtwopeople.

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24.79,也就是说如果标出人与人间的关系Thatis,ifyouplottherelationshipsbetweenpeople--

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28.88,我们以这个房间里的人为例Wecantakeeachpersoninthisroom,

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32.97,将彼此认识的人连线findeverybodyyouknowandwhoknowsyouanddrawaline,

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37.81,如果我们真这么做的话我们看到的不会是一张网butifweweretodothisyouwouldn'tfindanevenmeshofwires.

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41.16,相反你会发现有些人会成为节点Rather,you'dfindthatsomepeopleareclusters.

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45.40,这些人就是格拉德威尔所谓的联系员这有点像空中交通SomepeoplearewhatGladwellcalls"Connectors."it'slikeairtraffic.

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50.14,以前的空中交通是与各个目的地的连线Airtrafficusedtobeeverythingflewtoplaceslocal

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56.27,但现在更像一个枢纽系统例如芝加哥的奥黑尔或纽瓦克toitbutnowthere'sasystemofhubs,chicagoO'HareforinstanceorNewark

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00.99,都是许多飞机经过的地方而有些人就是枢纽whereplanesflythrough.Somepeoplearehubs.

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05.92,这些人就是那种认识很多人的人Somepeoplearethesortofpeoplewhoknowalotofpeople.

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11.82,这房间里的一些人可能是枢纽这不难发现Somepeopleinthisroommightbehubs,anditisnotimpossibletofindout.

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18.28,这张纸上有二百五十个从曼哈顿电话簿上Thepieceofpaperyouhavehereis250nameschosenrandomly

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21.55,随机抽取的名字fromaManhattanphonebook.

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25.38,其中包含了不同种族Theycapturearangeofethnicities,

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30.17,世界不同地区不同原国籍的人differentpartsoftheworld,differentnationalorigins.

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34.07,下面就是我想让你们做的我给大家五分钟时间Here'swhatI'dlikeyoutodo.AndI'llgiveaboutfiveminutesforthis.

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40.20,浏览这些名字并圈出那些你认识的人的名字Gothroughthesenamesandcirclehowmanypeopleyouknow.

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42.40,圈名字的规则是Now,therulesofthisare,

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47.44,圈出那些你们彼此认识的人的名字toknowsomebodyyouhaveto--theyhavetoknowyouback.

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57.04,如果是个名人这里一个名字是约翰逊So,ifit'sacelebrity--Well,here--oneofthenameshereisJohnson.

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01.56,我听说过埃尔文·约翰逊但埃尔文·约翰逊从没听说过我Now,I'veheardofMagicJohnsonbutMagicJohnsonhasneverheardofme,

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06.52,所以不能圈这个名字另外我们系主任是玛西亚·约翰逊soIcannotcircleit.Ontheotherhand,ourdepartmentchairisMarciaJohnson.

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11.01,她认识我所以我就可以圈她开始浏览并圈出你认识的人Shehasheardofme,soIcouldcircleit.Gothroughandcircleit.

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15.60,圈出所有你认识同时也认识你的人Circleallthepeopleyouknowwhoknowyou.

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17.82,那些就是和你有联系的人Thosearethepeopleyou'reconnectedto.

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22.76,如果你认识的人里有重名的圈两次Ifyouknowmorethanonepersonwiththesamelastname,circleittwice.

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25.14,如果你没有拿到这张纸而你又想参与进来Ifyoudon'thavethispieceofpaperandyouwanttoparticipate,

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29.42,请举手助教会发给你pleaseraiseyourhandandoneoftheteachingfellowswillbringittoyou.

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09.63,在大家做这个的时候我想多说两句I'mgoingtotalkalittlebitmoreaboutthiswhilepeoplegothroughthis.

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15.35,人际关系的问题很多情况下都很有趣Theissueofconnectionsbetweenpeopleisintellectuallyinteresting

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21.07,还可以让我们对人们如何互动formanyreasonsandmightallowustodevelopsomegeneralizations

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27.68,有一个归纳当然六度空间理论abouthowpeopleint