生化复习资料单词.docx
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生化复习资料单词
Chapter1proteinstructureandfunction
protein
biomolecular
aminoacid
polarity
nonpolarity
hydrophobicity
neutrality
acidity
alkality
glycine,Gly
alanine,Ala
valine,Val
leucine,Leu
isoleucine,Ile
phenylalanine,Phe
proline,Pro
tryptophan,Trp
serine,Ser
tyrosine,Tyr
cysteine,Cys
methionine,Met
asparagine,Asn
glutamine,Gln
threonine,Thr
asparticacid,Asp
glutamicacid,Glu
lysine,Lys
arginine,Arg
histidine,His
basicaminoacid
acidicaminoacid
polaraminoacid
neutralaminoacid
Spectrophotometry
AbsorbanceSpectrum
Ultraviolet
infrared
absorptionpeak
wavelength
solubility
sidechain
aminogroup
guanidiniumgroup
imidazolyl
carboxygroup
isoelectricpoint,pI
peptide
polypeptidechain
peptidebond
oligopeptide
polypeptide
aminoterminal
carboxylterminal
residue
ninhydrin/triketohydrindenehydrate
iminoacid
glutathione,GSH
hydrosulfidegroup/sulfhydryl
primarystructure
secondarystructure
tertiarystructure
quaternarystructure
α-helix
β-pleatedsheet
β-turn
randomcoil
zincfinger
domain
peptideunit
motif
proteindenature
molecularchaperone
allostericeffect
subunit
positivecooperativity
negativecooperativity
renaturation
proteincoagulation
ninhydrinreaction
biuretreaction
dialysis
saltprecipitation
elctrophoresis
chromatography
prostheticgroup
prionprotein
disulfide
hydrogenbond
hydrophobicinteraction
electrostaticinteraction
VanderWaalsinteraction
Fibrousprotein
Conformationalchange
Globularprotein
Proteinfold
Ionicbond
Sidechain
tetramer
dimmer
monomer
oligomer
denaturation
renaturation
Questions:
1.Canyougiveanexampletoelucidatetherelationshipbetweenproteinprimarystructureandfunction?
2.Canyougiveanexampletoelucidatetheproteinallostericeffect?
Chapter2StructureandFunctionofNucleicAcid
nucleotide
nucleticacid
deoxyribonucleicacid,DNA
ribonucleicacid,RNA
thechemicalcomponent
base
basepair
basepairing
ribose
phosphate
purine
adenine,A
guanine,G
pyrimidine
cytosine,C
uracil,U
thymine,T
ribose
deoxyribose
ribonucleoside
ribonucleotide
glycosidicbond
nucleosidemonophosphate,NMP
nucleosidediphosphate,NDP
nucleosidetriphosphate,NTP
phosphodiesterlinkage
polydoxynucleotide
polynucleotide
nitrogenousbase
doublehelix
histone
superhelix/supercoil
positivesupercoil
negativesupercoil
nucleosome
RNA（smallnon-messengerRNAs,snmRNAs
nucleoid
chromatin
messengerRNA,mRNA
heterogeneousnuclearRNA,hnRNA
capsequence
poly（A）tail
transferRNA,tRNA
cloverleafpattern
stem-loop
anticodon
dihydrouracilloop
ribosomalRNA,rRNA
ribosomalprotein
opticaldensity
methyl
opticaldensity,OD
Tm,meltingtemperature
annealing
heteroduplex
renaturation
Nuclease
deoxyribonuclease,DNase
ribonuclease,RNase
ribozyme
DNAzyme
restrictionendonuclease
exonuclease
grammolecule
basestacking
aminoacidarm
groove
right-handedDNA
left-handeddoublehelix
cruciform
chromosome
intrastrandhydrogenbonding
acceptorstem
Dloop
anticodonloop
oligonucleotide
basecomplementrity
hyperchromaticeffect
ribozyme
stability
Questions:
1.ThemainclassificationofRNAincell,andelucidatetheirfunction,respectively?
2.ElucidatethedifferentbetweenDNAandRNA?
3.Whatishyperchromaticeffect?
Chapter3Enzyme
enzyme
biocatalyst
apoenzyme
cofactor
simpleenzyme
conjugatedenzyme
metalloenzyme
metal-activatedenzyme
coenzyme
prostheticgroup
monomericenzyme
oligomericenzyme
multienzymesystem
multifunctionalenzyme
tandemenzyme
holoenzyme
essentialgroup
activecenter
activesite
bindinggroup
catalyticgroup
activationenergy
specificity
absolutespecificity
relativespecificity
stereospecificity
induced-fithypothesis
proximityeffect
orientationarrange
Kinetic
Michaelis-mentenequation
Vmax,maximumvelocity
Ｋm,Michaelisconstant
turnovernumber
doublereciprocalplot
Lineweaver-Burk
optimumtemperature
optimumpH
inhibitor
irreversibleinhibition
reversibleinhibition
competitiveinhibition
non-competitiveinhibition
uncompetitiveinhibition
activator
essentialactivator
non-essentialactivator
regulation
zymogen
allostericregulation
allostericenzyme
allostericsite
allostericeffector
covalentmodification
induction
repression
isoenzyme
oxidoreductases
transferases
hydrolases
lyases
isomerases
ligases,synthetases
enzymecoupledassays
immobilizedenzyme
abzyme
substrate
catalyticpower
reaction
catalyzedrate
velocity
unimolecularreaction
biomolecularreaction
second-order
first-order
freeenergyofactivation
polymerasechainreaction
reversibly
association
dissociation
assumption
bind
equilibrium
constant
direction
concentration
horizontalcoordinate
verticalcoordinate
graphicalpattern
interpretation
affinity
lactatedehydrogenase,LDH
covalentmodification
glycogenphosphorylase
ligase
initialvelocity
Q
1.Listsixgeneralwaysinwhichenzymeactivityiscontrolled?
2.Whatisenzyme?
Andelucidateitsspecificity?
Chapter4MetabolismofCarbohydrates
carbohydrates
monosacchride
oligosaccharide
polysaccharide
glycoconjugate
glucose
fructose
galactose
ribose
maltose
sucrose
lactose
starch
glycogen
cellulose
glycolipid
glycoprotein
glucosetransporter
glycolysis
glycolyticpathway
pyruvate
lactate
hexokinase
glucose-6-phosphate,G-6-P
glucokinase
fructose-6-phosphate,F-6-P
6-phosphfructokinase-1
aldolase
phosphotrioseisomerase
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase
phosphoglyceratekinase
substratelevelphosphorylation
phosphoglyceratemutase
enolase
phosphoenolpyruvate,PEP
pyruvatekinase
proteinkinase,PK
AerobicOxidationofCarbohydrate
acetylCoA
TricarboxylicacidCycle,TAC
oxaloaceticacid
citricacid
carboxygroup/carboxyl
dehydrogenation
decarboxylation
citrogenase/condensingenzyme
α-ketoglutartedehydrogenasecomplex
isocitratedehydrogenase
pyruvatedehydrogenase
dihydrolipoyltransacetylate
dihydrolipoamidedehydrogenase
α-ketoglutarate
succinylCoA
fattyacid
porphyrin
malicacid/appleacid
malicenzyme
oxaloaceticdecarboxylase
citratecleavageenzyme
pyruvatecarboxylase
aepfelsaure-dehydrogenase
glutamic-oxal（o）acetictransaminase,GOT/aspartateaminotransferase
respiratorychain
keyenzyme
oxidativephosphorylation
adeynlatekinase;AK
Pastuereffect
PentosePhosphatePathway
3-phosphoglyceraldehyde,G3P/glyceraldehyde3-phosphate
fructose-6-phosphate;lactacidogen
cellsap;cytochyma
stage;phase
G6PD
hydrogen
ribosephosphate;ribosephosphoricacid;RP
pentosephosphateshunt
G6P;glucose6-phosphate
ketonegroup
aldehydegroup
transferreaction
hydrogendonor
biosynthesis;biosynthesize
bioconversion/biologicaltransformation
reducibility
GlycogenesisandGlycogenolysis
glycogen
glucosidicbond;glycosidicbond
glycogenesis
glucophosphomutase/glycophosphomutase
hemiacetal
phosphategroup
uridinediphosphateglucose,UDPG
glycogensynthase
pyrophosphorylase
glycogenolysis
phosphorylase
lacticacidcycle
glucuronate;glucuronicacid
glycogenphosphorylase
covalentmodification
cascadeamplification
glucagon
epinephrine
dephosphorylation
glycogenstoragediseases
Gluconeogenesis
gluconeogenicpathway
pyruvatecarboxylase
substratecycle
futilecycle
bloodglucose
acid-baseequilibrium
lactosecycle
insulin
oxidation
glucosetolerence
glucosetolerancetest,GTT
hyperglycemia
glucosuria
renalglucosethreshold
diabetesmellitus,DM
hypoglycemia
hypoglycemicshock
Q
1.Explainpentosephosphatepathwayandelucidatethesignification?
2.Elucidatethefunctionofoxaloaceticacidinmetabolismofcarbohydrates.
Chapter5MetabolismofLipid
lipid
triacylglycerols,TAG
triglyceride,TG
fat
lipoid
cholesterol,CHOL
cholesterolester,CE
phospholipid,PL
sphingolipids
phosphoglycerides
unsaturatedfattyacids
digestion
absorption
micelles
colipase
mixedmicelles
chylomicron,CM
apolipoprotein
monoglyceride
DG;diacylglycerol
hormone-sensitivetriglyceridelipase,HSL
lipolytichormones
acyl-CoAsynthetase
ketonebody,acetonebody
activation
energy-richphosphatebond
hexadecanoicacid
hydration
thiolysis
peroxisome
propanoicacid
carboxylase
racemase
mutase
acetoacetate
β-hydroxybutyrate
acetone
hydroxybutyricacid
overeating
starvation
malonylCoA
acyl-CoA
carnitineacyltransferase
palmiticacid
citratepyruvatecycle
acetylCoAcarboxylase
rate-limitingenzyme
biotin
Escherichiacoli
fattyacylgroup
thioesterase
acylcarrierprotein,ACP
phosphopantetheinethioethylamine
Prostaglandin,PG
thromboxane,TX
leukotrienes,LT
5-HPETE,5-hydroperoxy-eicotetraenoicacid
Phospholipid
glycerolphosphatide
phosphatidylinositol
cephalin
phosphatidylserine
lecithin
cardiolipin
phospholipidexchangeproteins
phospholipase,PLA
sphingosine
Cholesterol
cortisol,hydrocortisone
bileacid
lipoprotein
chylomicron,CM
verylowdensitylipoprotein,VLDL
lowdensitylipoprotein,LDL
highdensitylipoprotein,HDL
apolipoprotein,apo
chylomicron
lipoproteinlipase/LPL
verylowdensitylipoprotein,VLDL
lowdensitylipoprotein,LDL
scavengerreceptor,SR
highdensitylipoprotein,HDL
reversecholesteroltransport,RCT
ATP-bindingcassetletransporterA1
cholesterol-effluxregulatoryprotein,CERP
motif
hyperlipoproteinemia
hereditarydefect
choline
heparin
LDLreceptor
Chylomicron
Q
1.Whatisapolipoproteinandthemainfunction?
2.whatistheclassificationoflipaseandtheirfunction?
3.Elucidatethefunctionsandcharacteristicoftriglyerideinenergymetabolism?
Chapter6BiologicalOxidation
respiratorychain
electrontransferchain
complex
ubiquinone
iron-sulfurprotein
c
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