1996年考研英语阅读精解及高频词汇.docx

1996年考研英语阅读精解及高频词汇.docx

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1996年考研英语阅读精解及高频词汇

1996/Passagel

 Tight-lippedeldersusedtosay,"It'snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget."Psychologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwanttherightthings.

 Youcanmakeamentalblueprintofadesireasyouwouldmakeablueprintofahouse,andeachofusiscontinuallymakingtheseblueprintsinthegeneralroutineofeverydayliving.Ifweintendtohavefriendstodinner,weplanthemenu,makeashoppinglist,decidewhichfoodtocookfirst,andsuchplanningisanessentialforanytypeofmealtobeserved.

 Likewise,ifyouwanttofindajob,takeasheetofpaper,andwriteabriefaccountofyourself.Inmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhatyouhavetooffer,youcanintelligentlyplanwheretosellyourservices.

 Thisaccountofyourselfisactuallyasketchofyourworkinglifeandshouldincludeeducation,experienceandreferences.Suchanaccountisvaluable.Itcanbereferredtoinfillingoutstandardapplicationblanksandisextremelyhelpfulinpersonalinterviews.Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryour"wares"andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.

 Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomethingtangibletosell.Thenyouarereadytohuntforajob.Getallthepossibleinformationaboutyourcould-bejob.Makeinquiriesastothedetailsregardingthejobandthefirm.Keepyoureyesandearsopen,anduseyourownjudgment.Spendacertainamountoftimeeachdayseekingtheemploymentyouwishfor,andkeepinmind:

Securingajobisyourjobnow.

1.Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,"It'snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget."?

 [A]You'llcertainlygetwhatyouwant.

 [B]It'snousedreaming.

 [C]Youshouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.

 [D]It'sessentialtosetagoalforyourself.

2.Ablueprintmadebeforeinvitingafriendtodinnerisusedinthispassageas_____.

 [A]anillustrationofhowtowriteanapplicationforajob

 [B]anindicationofhowtosecureagoodjob

 [C]aguidelineforjobdescription

 [D]aprincipleforjobevaluation

3.Accordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindajobbecause_______.

 [A]thatisthefirststeptopleasetheemployer

 [B]thatistherequirementoftheemployer

 [C]itenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisservices

 [D]itforceshimtobecomeclearlyawareofhimself

4.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomething______.

 [A]definitetooffer                         

 [B]imaginarytoprovide

 [C]practicaltosupply                       

 [D]desirabletopresent

Passage2

 WiththestartofBBCWorldServiceTelevision,millionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation'snewscoverage,aswellaslistentoit.

 AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCtelevisionchannels,fiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostation.Theyarebroughtsport,comedy,drama,music,newsandcurrentaffairs,education,religion,parliamentarycoverage,children'sprogramsandfilmsforanannuallicensefeeof83poundsperhousehold.

 Itisaremarkablerecord,stretchingbackover70years——yettheBBC’sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapublicly-fundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogramsarenowthesubjectofanation-widedebateinBritain.

 ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC-includingordinarylistenersandviewers——tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC’sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitis,ortomakechanges.

 DefendersoftheCorporation-ofwhomtherearemany——arefondofquotingtheAmericanslogan"Ifitain'tbroke,don'tfixit."TheBBC"ain'tbroke”,theysay,bywhichtheymeanitisnotbroken（asdistinctfromtheword‘broke’,meaninghavingnomoney）,sowhybothertochangeit?

 YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels——TVandChannel4-wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment'sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels——fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers'subscriptions-whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm.

5.TheworldfamousBBCnowfaces_______.

 [A]theproblemofnewscoverage                      

 [B]anuncertainprospect

 [C]inquiriesbythegeneralpublic                   

 [D]shrinkageofaudience

6.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingabouttheBBCisnotmentionedasthekeyissue?

 [A]ExtensionofitsTVservicetoFarEast.

 [B]Programsasthesubjectofanation-widedebate.

 [C]Potentialsforfurtherinternationalco-operations.

 [D]Itsexistenceasabroadcastingorganization.

7.TheBBC's"royalcharter"（Line4,Paragraph3）standsfor________.

 [A]thefinancialsupportfromtheroyalfamily

 [B]theprivilegesgrantedbytheQueen

 [C]acontractwiththeQueen

 [D]auniquerelationshipwiththeroyalfamily

8.TheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnootherthan______.

 [A]theemergenceofcommercialTVchannels

 [B]theenforcementofBroadcastingActbythegovernment

 [C]theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsandjobs

 [D]thechallengeofnewsatellitechannels

Passage3

 Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury"capital"and"labor"wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.

 Thegrowthofthelimited-liability-companyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthenineteenthcentury,America,Africa,India,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld'smovementtowardsindustrialization.TownslikeBournemouthandEastboundspranguptohouselarge.“Comfortable"classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders'meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand"shareholding"meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.

 The"shareholders"assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlaborwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandorganizationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother’sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.

9.It'strueoftheoldfamilyfirmsthat_______.

 [A]theywerespoiledbytheyoungergenerations

 [B]theyfailedforlackofindividualinitiative

 [C]theylackedefficiencycomparedwithmodemcompanies

 [D]theycouldsupplyadequateservicestothetaxpayers

10.Thegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresultedin______.

 [A]theseparationofcapitalfrommanagement

 [B]theownershipofcapitalbymanagers

 [C]theemergenceofcapitalandlaborastwoclasses

 [D]theparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalbusiness

11.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueexceptthat______.

 [A]theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsoftheworkers

 [B]theoldfirmownershandabetterunderstandingoftheirworkers

 [C]thelimitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunsmoothly

 [D]thetradeunionsseemedtoplayapositiverole

12.Theauthorismostcriticalof_____.

 [A]familyfilmowners        [B]landowners  [C]managers    [D]shareholders

Passage4

 Whataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinvent