《国际贸易理论与政策》习题.docx

《国际贸易理论与政策》习题.docx

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《国际贸易理论与政策》习题

《国际贸易理论与政策》习题（InternationalTradeExercisesoftheoryandpolicy）

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ExercisesdatabaseandsomeanswersofinternationaltradetheoryandPractice

First,nouninterpretation

Two.Judgetherightandwrongofthefollowingquestions

1,whenthetradeisopen,allconsumerswillbebetteroff

2,accordingtothesimpletrademodel,beforethetrade,ifcountrieshavethesamepriceofgoods,therewillbenoincentiveforthesecountriestoexchangethegoods

3.Ifaproducerinacertaincountrycanimprovehissituationthroughtrade,thenallproducersinthecountrywillimprovetheirownsituationthroughtrade

4,intheequilibriumtradepricebetweentwocountries,acountry'sexcessivesupplyofacertaincommodityisnecessarilyequaltotheexcessivedemandoftheothercountryforthecommodity

5,thereisnofreelunch,butthereisfreetrade

6,evenifacountryhasanabsolutedisadvantageintheproductionofacommodity,itcanalsohavearelativeadvantageintheproductionofthiscommodity

7,accordingtotheH-Otheory,acountrythathasmoreacresoflandthanothercountriesisacountryrichinland

8,undertheconditionofincreasingcost,countriesdonothavetobefullyspecializedintheproductionofacommodity

9,H-Otheoryassumesthatcountrieshavethesamecommoditypreferences

10,wemaybeabletosolveLeontiefParadoxbydefiningamorefinelydefinedproductionfactor

11,theStolper-Samuelsontheoremholdsthattradewillmaketheownersoftherichelementsgetlowerrealincomes,whiletheownersofscarceelementsgethigherrealincomes

12,ifcountrieshavethesameproductiontechnology,tradewillnotmakethepriceofproductionfactorsequal

13,nonskilledworkersinonecountryaremoreopposedtotradeliberalizationthanskilledworkers

14,largecountriescaninvestinthedevelopmentofimportalternativeindustriesratherthanexportindustries,therebyimprovingtheirtermsoftrade

15,accordingtothedefinition,smallcountries'economicgrowthwillnotchangethetermsoftrade

16,adolescenceisagoodexampleof"immiserizinggrowth"

17,thegrowthofproductionfactorsinacountrywillalwaysmakethecountrymoreself-sufficient,therebyreducingdependenceoninternationaltrade

18,acountrythatisisolatedfromtheoutsideworldwillcertainlylowerthestandardoflivingofitscitizens

19,intraindustrytradeismoreprevalentinfullycompetitiveindustries

20,accordingtotheH-0theory,countriesshouldcarryoutalargenumberofintraindustrytrade

Three,multiple-choicequestions

1.theabsolutevalueofthegainsbroughtbyopentradetotheconsumersofimportedgoods:

A.isgreaterthanthelossofdomesticproducersofthiscommodity

B.islessthanthelossofdomesticproducersofthiscommodity

C.isequaltothelossofdomesticproducersofthiscommodity

D.isnotmeasurable

Whichofthefollowing2.itemswillnotpromotetimbertradeamongcountries?

BeforeA.trade,timberpricesareequalindifferentcountries

B.profitseekingwoodpricearbitrage

DifferencesintimbersupplybetweenC.countries

DifferencesintimberdemandamongD.countries

3.consumersurplusis:

A.consumershavetopaytothegovernmentfortheproductionofgoods

B.consumersearnbypayinglessthanthepriceofthemarket

ThebenefitsofC.toconsumers:

consumersneedtopaylessthanwhattheywantandthepricetheycanpayforthegoods

D.consumerscangetbenefitsatalllevelsofprice

4.aftertrade,acountry'sincomedistributionwillchangeasfollows:

A.producerswhoaresubjecttoimportcompetitionsufferlosseswhileproducersofexportgoodsbenefit

B.asawholewillbenefitfromthecountry,whiletheindividualwillsufferlosses

C.consumersareimpairedandproducersbenefit

D.incomeshiftsfromconsumertoproducer

5.,ifthepriceelasticityofexportsupplyissmallerthanthatofimportdemand,then:

A.importingcountrieswillbereluctanttotrade

B.exportingcountrieswillbereluctanttotrade

C.

Theexporterwillgetmostofthetradeincome

D.importingcountrieswillgetmostofthetradegains

6..Thefirsteconomistwhosystematicallydescribestheprincipleofcomparativeadvantageis:

A.BertilOhlin.

B.EliHeckscher.

C.JohnMaynardKeynes.

D.DavidRicardo.

Explanationof7.H-Otheory:

Comparedwithotherresources,A.countrieswithrelativelyabundantlaborpowerdonothavecomparativeadvantages

B.acountrywithhigherlaborresourcestononlaborresourcesshouldreduceitsparticipationininternationaltrade

C.acountryrichinnonlaborresourceswillnotbenefitfrominternationaltrade

ThestrengthoftheD.internationalmarketwillguidecountriestospecializationintheproductionandexportofgoodsthatusetheirrelativelyabundantelements

8.ifAcountriescanproduce3unitsofXproductsor3unitsofYproductswith1workinghours,Bcountriescanproduce1unitsofXproductsor1unitsofYproductswith1workinghours,assuminglaboristheonlyinput,then:

A.Acountrieshaveabsoluteadvantagesintheproductionoftwokindsofcommodities

B.Bcountrieshaveabsoluteadvantagesintheproductionoftwokindsofcommodities

C.Acountrieshavecomparativeadvantagesintheproductionoftwokindsofcommodities

D.Bcountrieshavecomparativeadvantagesintheproductionoftwokindsofcommodities

9.,forH-Otheory,themainreasonforthedifferenceofrelativecommoditypricesamongdifferentcountriesisthatthemainreasonisthatthepricedifferencebetweendifferentcountriesisthemainreason:

A.factorendowment

B.nationalincome

C.Technology

D.consumptionpreference

10.,intheabsenceoftrade,acountry'sconsumptionpoint:

A.isabovetheproductionpossibilitycurve

B.isaboveorbeyondthepossibilityofproduction

C.ontheproductionpossibilitycurve

D.positionisnotdecidable

11.intheshortperiodafteropeningtrade:

A.allgroupsrelatedtodecliningindustrieswillsufferlosses

B.onlythosefactorsthataremoreintensivelyusedindecliningindustrieswillsufferlosses

C.onlythoselessintensiveuseofdecliningindustrieswillsufferlosses

D.isonlythemostabundantelementinitsowncountryandwillsufferlosses

12.Mexicohasrichunskilledworkers,andtheUnitedStateshasrichskilledworkers

Inthelongrun,thewagesofunskilledworkerswillriseinthelongrun:

A.hasfalleninbothcountries

B.declinedintheUnitedStates,risinginMexico

C.risesintheUnitedStatesandfallsinMexico

D.hasrisenintwocountries

13.,thefollowingiswrong:

A.consumptionpatternswillnotaffectthewelfaregainsorlossesofneutralelements

B.consumptionpatternswillaffecttheincomeorlossofallelements

C.consumptionpatternsdonotaffectthegainsorlossesofthemostspecializedelements

D.consumptionpatternswillnotaffectthewelfaregainsorlossesofacountryasawhole

14.inthefollowingconditions,thetheoremoffactorpriceequalizationcannotbeestablished?

A.elementswillnotflowamongindustries

B.factorshavedifferentproductivityindifferentcountries

C.countrieshavesetuptradebarrierstostopfreetrade

D.all3itemsmentionedabove

15."inarapidlygrowingcountry,therapidaccumulationofnewcapitalwillmakethecountryimportmorenaturalresources."

Thetheoremimplicitinthisassertionisthat:

A.Heckscher-Ohlintheorem.

B.Stolper-Samuelsontheorem.

C.Rybczynskitheorem.

D.Factor-priceEqualizationtheorem.

16.ifacountryhasacomparativeadvantageintheproductionofcapitalintensiveproducts,andcapitalgrowthfasterthanotherinputs（suchaslabor）growthrate,then,accordingtothetradetheoryandresultinggrowthmode:

A.importsubstitution

BalancedgrowthofB.capitalintensiveproductsandothertradegoods

C.exportexpansion

MorethanD.,threearewrong

17.,anecessaryconditionfor"Immiserizinggrowth"is:

ThegrowthofA.countriesisbiasedtowardsexportindustries

B.foreignexportdemandforthecountryhaspriceelasticity

TheconsumptionpreferenceofC.countriesishighlybiasedtowardsexportcommodities

D.

Tradeisnotveryimportantinthenationaleconomy

Thetheoryof18.H--Ohasbeensuccessfullyexplained:

A.'sproductinnovationprocessandindustrylayoutanddevelopmentoutsidetheUnitedStates

B.exportsandimportsofsimilarproductsbecomemoreimportantcountries

Becauseofthesimilarityoffactorendowments,tradebetweentheUnitedStatesandCanadaisincreasingdaybydayinC.

D.tradepatternsbetweenindustrializedanddevelopingcountrieswithdifferentfactorendowments

Whichofthefollowing19.productsisthemostlikelytoexperienceaproductlifecycle?

A.rice

B.TVset

C.crudeoil

D.minerals

20.,intraindustrytradeismorelikelytooccur:

A.betweenrichandpoorcountries

B.betweenhighincomecountries

C.betweendevelopingcountries

D.betweendevelopedanddevelopingcountries

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthemostcorrectstatementunder21.?

A.economiesofscaledeterminethecomparativeadvantagesofcountries

B.economiesofscalecannotdeterminethecomparativeadvantageofeachcountry,buttransformtheexistingcomparativeadvantagesintolowpricesandtheexpansionofoutputandtrade

C.externaleconomycanexplainthecomparativeadvantagebetterthantheinternaleconomy,becausetheexternaleconomymeanstheexpansionoftheoutputofothercompetingcompanies

D.comparativeadvantagecanbebestexplainedbytheinternaleconomy,becausethelatterleadstotheimprovementofthecompany'sproductivityandcostreduction

22.economi