人教版必修一至必修四语法大全.docx

人教版必修一至必修四语法大全.docx

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人教版必修一至必修四语法大全

语法：

一、倒装结构

1.副词here,there,in,out,up,down,away,back,now,then,ahead等位于句首,当谓语动词是be,come,go,follow,run等表示位置移动的动词，而且主语又是名词时,需要把谓语动词放主语之前，即全部倒装。

Herecomesthebus.

注意:

A此类倒装不用进行时态度。

B若主语是代词时，不用倒装。

---Whereisyourdog?

---Thereitis.

2.含有否定意义的词放句首，部分倒装。

A具有否定意义的副词放句首：

not,never,seldom,hardly,rarely.little,scarely,few…Neverhassheseenamovielikethat.

B,含有否定意义的连词放句首:

notonly…butalso..,neither..nor..,nosooner…than..,scarely..than..,Hardly..when..,notuntil...

*notonly,nosooner,hardly.scarely要倒,but（also）,than,when后面的句子不倒.neither..nor..两部分都倒装。

Nosoonerhadshefallenasleepthansheheardaknockatthedoor.

Hardlyhaditgrowndarkwhensherealizeditistoolatetogohome.

Notonlyistheteacherhimselfinterestedinfootballbutallhisstudentsarebeginningtoshowaninterestinit.

Notuntilthegamehadbegundidhearriveatthesportsground.

C,含有否定意义的介词放句首：

bynomeans,Innotime,innocase,onnoaccount,undernocircumstances...

Bynomeanscouldhesucceed.

3only＋状语，部分到装Onlywhenshecamehomedidhelearnthenews.

4表示上文的状况也适合另外一人或事：

肯定:

so+助动词（动/情态）+主语Ihavefinishedreadingthetext,sohasmysister.

否定:

neither（nor）+助动（动/情态）+主语Icouldnotpersuadehimtoacceptit,norcouldImakehimseeitsimportance.

5as作“尽管／虽然”，引导让步状语从句Muchashelikesher,hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.

6so..that..,such..that..的句子结构中，若so,such和与其所修饰的词置于句首，实行部分倒。

Soconfuseddidhebecomethathedidn’tknowhowtostarthislecture.

7省略if的虚拟条件倒装句

时间

从句谓语形式

主句谓语形式

（与现在事实相反）

过去式

（be:

were）

Should（would,could,might）+v

（与过去事实相反）

haddone

Should（would,could,might）+havedone

（与将来事实相反）

一般过去式

wereto+原形

should+原形

同1

Weretheytoarrive/shouldtheyarrivebeforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

Theywouldcertainlyhavecomeandhelpedushadtheyhadtime.

Haditnotbeenformyillness,Iwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.

8为使描绘显得生动，有些与介词同形的副词可以移到句首，谓语放到主语前面。

Incameagirl.Downflewtheeagle.代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。

Outherushed.

九、Therebe句型。

Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom.

巩固练习

1.Onlywhenyouhavegotenoughdata____cometoasoundconclusion.

AcanyouByoucanCwouldyouDyouwould

2.____foodanddrinks,buttheyalsobroughtcardswhentheyhadapicnicoutside.

ANotonlybroughttheyBNotonlytheybrought

CNotonlydidtheybringDNotonlytheydidbring

3.____gotintotheroom____shefoundamanlyingontheground.

AShehardlyhad;thenBHardlyhadshe;when

CShehadnot;thanDNothadshe;when

4.Sohard____ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythathedeterminedtostudyEnglishwell.

AhehasfeltBhashefelt

ChedidfeelDdidhefeel

5.Thereisnoneedquarrelingwithhim,neither____noneedtalkingwithhim.

AthereisBisthereCthereareDarethere

6.OnlywhenIwasfiftyyearsold____howimportanttheEnglishis!

AhadIrealizedBIrealizedCdidIrealizeDIhadrealized

7.____,Ihaveneverseensuchbeautifulscenery.

AAslongasIhavetraveledBMuchasIhavetraveled

CNowthatIhavetraveledsomuchDAsIhavetraveledsomuch

8.____,youwouldhavegotthefirstplace.

AYouhadrunfasterthanbeforeBHadyourunfasterthanbefore

CIfyoushouldrunfasterthanbeforeDIfyouranfasterthanbefore

9.Onlyinrecentyears____beguntorealizethattheyshouldprotectwildanimals.

ApeoplehaveBsincepeoplehave

ChavepeopleDpeoplewhohave

10.“____receivedhighpayastoday”.Saidabossofthecompany.

ANeverhavesomanywomenBNeversowomenhave

CThewomenaren’teverDWomenwhohavenever

11.Notonly____difficulttostudy,butitwastoodulltolearn.

AwasitBitisCitwasDisit

12.____alittlemoretimetothink,hemighthavesucceeded.

AIfhetookBIfhehastaken

CHadhetakenDshouldhetake

13.____noairorwater,therewouldbenolifeintheworld.

AThereareBTherewasCIsthereDWerethere

14.Bynomeans____theirownlanguagewell.

AitistruethatallpeopleknowBisittruethatdoallpeopleknow

CitistruethatdoallpeopleknowDisittruethatallpeopleknow

15.____sobusy,Ishouldgowithyoutoseeourteacherinmiddleschool.

AWereInotBWasInotCIfIamnotDIwerenot

16.Onlyafterliberation____tobetreatedashumanbeings.

AdidtheslavesbeginBtheslaveshadbegunCtheslavesdidbeginDhadtheslavesbegun

17.―――Yououghttohavegiventhemsomehelp.

―――____,butitdidn’twork.

ASooughtyouBSoIought

CSodidyouDSoIdid

18.____thatevenpeopleinthenextdoorcouldhearhim.

ASoloudlydidTomspeakBSuchloudlydidTomspeak

CSoloudlyhespeakDSuchloudlyhespeak

19.Myparentshavebeenmarriedfor50yearsandnever____witheachother.

AtheyhadquarreledBtheyhavequarreled

ChavetheyquarreledDhadtheyquarreled

20.―――Youforgotyourbagwhenyouwentouttotheairport.―――MyGod,___.

AsodidIBsoIdidCIdidsoDIsodid

21.Notonly____interestedincomputerbut____beginningtoshowaninterestinit.

Aistheteacherherself;allherstudentsareBtheteacherherselfis;areallherstudents

Cistheteacherherself;areallherstudentsDtheteacherherselfis;allherstudentsare

22.Onthewall____twolargephotosofyourparentswhoweredeadfiveyearsago.

AhangBhangsChangedDhanging

23.Onlywhen____howimportanttheEnglishis.

AdidIworkIrealizedBIworkeddidIrealize

CdidIworkdidIrealizeDIworkedIrealized

24.Onlywhenherteacherscoldedher____shewaswrongtodoit.

AsherealizedBdoessherealize

CdidsherealizeDhadsherealized

25.Nosooner____homethanIfoundamanlyingontheground.

AhadIgotBIhadgotCdidIgetDIdidget

26.____,youwon’tbeabletosucceedexceptthatyourteacherhelpsyou.

ATryasyouwillBAsyouwilltry

CYouaswilltryDWillyoutryas

27.―Excuseme,Ihaveleftmybookathome,couldIuseyours?

―____.Usemine.

AHereitisBHereareyou

CHereisitDHereyouare

28.____thatalltheteachersandstudentswentouttoplayvolleyball.

ATheweathersofinewasBSofinewastheweather

CSotheweatherwasfineDSowasthefineweather

29.Themanisn’tlikeaworker,nor____ateacher.

AheislikeBhelookslikeCishelikeDdoeshelike

30.Seldom____TVduringthesummerholiday,becausetheexaminationiscoming.

AtheywatchBaretheywatching

ChadtheywatchedDdotheywatch

31.Underherarm____apairofshoesthatshehadboughtafewdaysbefore.

AwasBhadCisDthereis

32.Manyatime____toseemewhileIwasinhospitalduringtheSpringFestival.

AdidhecomeBhedidcomeChecameDcamehe

33.Inhardlyanysituation____herhappy.

AyoucanfindBthatyoucanfindCcanyoufindDyoufound

二、被动语态

1、一般将来时被动语态

1）动作发生在将来；强调动作的承受者，或不能或无须提及动作的执行者。

The people of Beijing will plant more trees and build new roads.---More trees will be planted and new roads will be built.

They will pay more to the athletes. ---More will be paid to the athletes. 

They will encourage children to take more exercise. ---Children will be encouraged to take more exercises. 

2）否定句：

not置于shall /will之后。

 He will not be sent there tomorrow.  

疑问句：

疑问词+will+主语+be+过去分词+其他？

When will the SARS patient be operated on?

By whom will the task be finished next week?

3）表示将来意义的被动结构还有：

1. be going to be done; 2. be to be done; 3. will（shall）＋get＋done等。

Some old buildings are going to be pulled down.  The 29th Olympic Games is to be held in Beijing in 2008.  

The workers will get paid before the end of December.  

注意这些结构的否定式、疑问式等。

例如：

These trees are not going to be cut down. --Are these trees going to be cut down?

  --Yes, they are.  

The machines are not to be repaired tonight.  --Are they to be repaired tomorrow?

  --Yes, they are.   

4）注意事项  

在时间、条件状语从句中，应使用现在时表示将来时。

同样，应使用现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。

例如：

  He says he will leave the company if he is punished for this. 

When the dam is completed, the Changjiang River will be controlled.  

使用一般将来时被动语态时，学生易遗漏被动式中的be。

例如：

【误】A new film will shown at the cinema next week． 【正】A new film will be shown at the cinema next week．

2、现在完成时被动语态

1）现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“have+been+done”。

2）肯定：

Herbikehasbeenstolen.

否定：

Thetaskhasnotbeenfinishedyet.

一般疑问句：

Hasanewcomputerbeenbought?

特殊疑问句：

Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?

3、现在进行时的被动语态：

现在进行时的被动语态表示此时此刻某事正在被做。

1）构成：

be+being+过去分词

2）肯定：

Thecarisbeingrepaired.

否定：

Someanimalsarenotbeingprotectedwell.

一般疑问句：

Isthisbridgebeingrepairednow?

特殊疑问句：

Whatisbeingdonetothemachine?

4、巩固练习

1.Hundredsofjobs________ifthefactorycloses.

  A.lose.  B.willbelost.  C.arelost.  D.willlose

2. Wouldyouliketo_______the2008OlympicGames______inBeijing?

  A.join;hold.      B.joinin;willbeheld.

  C.takepartin;whichwillhold.  D.takepartin;whichwillbeheld.

3.Myuncle____untilhewasforty-five.

  A.married.  B.didn’tmarry.  C.wasnotmarrying.D.wouldmarry.

4.----.Howlong_____you____?

  ------Forfiveyears.We_______in2001

  A.have;beenmarried;gotmarried.  B.did;marry;got  married;

  C.havegotmarried;married.  D.were;married;married.

5.Sandycoulddonothingbut________tohisteacherthathewaswrong.

A.admit.  B.admitted  C.admitting.  D.toadmit

6.

7.Iwas______bythe_____newsofGeorge’ssuddendeath.

A.amazed;amazing.  B.amazing;amazed.C.upset;surprised.    D.surprised;upset.

8.I’msurehe______inthenewkindergarten.

A.willbetakengoodcare.  B.willbetakengoodcareofC.willtakecare  D.willtakecareof.

9.Theheadmaster,aswellassometeachersandstudents_________tovisitthesickstudentsinhos