初高中英语语法总结.docx
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初高中英语语法总结
初高中英语语法总结
初高中英语语法总结
Sometimesweusemorethanoneadjectiveinfrontofanoun:
有时候我们用一个以上形容词来修饰名词：
Hewasaniceintelligentyoungman.
Shehadasmallroundblackwoodenbox.
Opinionadjectives:
Someadjectivesgiveageneralopinion.Wecanusetheseadjectivestodescribealmostanynoun:
有些形容词给了一个大体的描述。
我们可以用这些形容词来描述几乎所有名词：
Someadjectivesgiveaspecificopinion.Weonlyusetheseadjectivestodescribeparticularkindsofnoun:
有些形容词给了一个特殊的含义。
我们只用这些形容词来描述特定的名词：
Food:
tasty;delicious
Furniture,buildings:
fortable;unfortable
People,animals:
clever;intelligent;friendly
Weusuallyputageneralopinioninfrontofaspecificopinion:
我们经常在特殊概念前用一个普遍的概念：
Nicetastysoup.
Anastyunfortablearmchair
Alovelyintelligentanimal
Usuallyweputanadjectivethatgivesanopinioninfrontofanadjectivethatisdescriptive:
通常我们放一个描述性形容词在某个被描述的形容词前面
anicereddress;asillyoldman;thosehorribleyellowcurtains
Weoftenhavetwoadjectivesinfrontofanoun:
我们经常将两个形容词放在一个名词前面：
ahandsomeyoungman;abigblackcar;thathorriblebigdog
Sometimeswehavethreeadjectives,butthisisunusual:
有时候会用到三个形容词，但这是不太寻常的：
anicehandsomeyoungman;
abigblackAmericancar;
thathorriblebigfiercedog
Itisveryunusualtohavemorethanthreeadjectives.
Adjectivesusuallyeinthisorder:
形容词通常以这种顺序排列：
Weusesomeadjectivesonlyafteralinkverb:
有些形容词只用在系动词后面：
Someofthemonest-edadjectivesarenormallyusedonlyafteralinkverb:
一些最普通的'以-ed结尾的形容词通常只用在系动词后面：
annoyed;finished;bored;pleased;thrilled
Wesay:
我们说：
Ourteacherwasill.
Myunclewasverygladwhenheheardthenews.
Thepolicemanseemedtobeveryannoyed
butwedonotsay:
但我们不说：
Wehadanillteacher.
Whenheheardthenewshewasaverygladuncle
Heseemedtobeaveryannoyedpoliceman
Afewadjectivesareusedonlyinfrontofanoun:
有些形容词只用在名词前面：
Wesay:
Helivesintheeasterndistrict.
Therewerecountlessproblemswiththenewmachinery.
butwedonotsay:
Thedistricthelivesiniseastern
Theproblemswiththenewmachinerywerecountless.
英语语法术语GrammaticalTerms
语法grammar
句法syntax
词法morphology
构造structure
层次rank
句子sentence
从句clause
词组phrase
词类partofspeech
单词word.2abc8.
实词notionalword
虚词structuralword
单纯词simpleword
派生词derivative
复合词pound
词性partofspeech
名词noun
专有名词propernoun
普通名词monnoun
可数名词countablenoun
不可数名词uncountablenoun
抽象名词abstractnoun
详细名词concretnoun
物质名词materialnoun
集体名词collectivenoun
个体名词individualnoun
介词preposition
连词conjunction
动词verb
主动词mainverb
及物动词transitiveverb
不及物动词intransitiveverb
系动词linkverb
助动词auxiliaryverb
情态动词modalverb
规那么动词regularverb
不规那么动词irregularverb
短语动词phrasalverb
限定动词finiteverb
非限定动词infiniteverb
使役动词causativeverb
感官动词verbofsenses
动态动词eventverb
静态动词stateverb
感慨词exclamation
形容词adjective
副词adverb
方式副词adverbofmanner
程度副词adverbofdegree
时间副词adverboftime
地点副词adverbofplace
修饰性副词adjunct
连接性副词conjunct
疑问副词interrogativeadverb
关系副词relativeadverb
代词pronoun
人称代词personalpronoun
物主代词possessivepronoun
反身代词reflexivepronoun
相互代词reciprocalpronoun
指示代词demonstrativepronoun
疑问代词interrogativepronoun
关系代词relativepronoun
不定代词indefinitepronoun
物主代词possessivepronoun
名词性物主代词nominalpossessivepronoun
形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossessivepronoun
冠词article
定冠词definitearticle
不定冠词indefinitearticle
数词numeral
基数词cardinalnumeral
序数词ordinalnumeral
分数词fractionalnumeral
形式form
单数形式singularform
复数形式pluralform
限定动词finiteverbform
非限定动词non-finiteverbform
原形baseform
从句clause
附属句subordinateclause
并列句coordinateclause
名词从句nominalclause
定语从句attributiveclause
状语从句adverbialclause
宾语从句objectclause
主语从句subjectclause.2abc8.
同位语从句appositiveclause
时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime
地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace
方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner
让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession
原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause
结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult
目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose
条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition
真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition
非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition
含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition
错综条件句
adverbialclauseofmixedcondition
句子sentence
简单句simplesentence
并列句poundsentence
复合句plexsentence
并列复合句poundplexsentence
陈述句declarativesentence
疑问句interrogativesentence.2abc8.
一般疑问句generalquestion
特殊疑问句specialquestion
选择疑问句alternativequestion
附加疑问句tagquestion
反义疑问句disjunctivequestion
修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion
感慨疑问句exclamatoryquestion
存在句existentialsentence
肯定句positivesentence
根本句型basicsentencepattern
否认句negativesentence
祈使句imperativesentence
省略句ellipticalsentence
感慨句exclamatorysentence
句子成分membersofsentences
主语subject
谓语predicate
宾语object
双宾语dualobject
直接宾语directobject
间接宾语indirectobject
复合宾语plexobject
同源宾语cognateobject
补语plement
主补subjectplement
宾补objectplement
表语predicative
定语attribute
同位语appositive
状语adverbial
句法关系syntacticrelationship
并列coordinate
附属subordination
修饰modification
前置修饰pre-modification
后置修饰post-modification
限制restriction
双重限制double-restriction
非限制non-restriction
数number
单数形式singularform.2abc8.
复数形式pluralform
规那么形式regularform
不规那么形式irregularform
格case
普通格moncase
所有格possessivecase
主格nominativecase
宾格objectivecase
性gender
阳性masculine
阴性feminine
通性mon
中性neuter
人称person
第一人称firstperson
第二人称secondperson
第三人称thirdperson
时态tense
过去将来时pastfuturetense
过去将来进展时pastfuturecontinuoustense
过去将来完成时pastfutureperfecttense
一般现在时presentsimpletense
一般过去时pastsimpletense
一般将来时futuresimpletense
现在完成时pastperfecttense
过去完成时presentperfecttense
将来完成时futureperfecttense
现在进展时presentcontinuoustense
过去进展时pastcontinuoustense
将来进展时futurecontinuoustense
过去将来进展时pastfuturecontinuoustense
现在完成进展时presentperfectcontinuoustense
过去完成进展时pastperfectcontinuoustense
语态voice
主动语态activevoice
被动语态passivevoice
语气mood
陈述语气indicativemood
祈使语气imperativemood
虚拟语气subjunctivemood
否认negation
否认范围scopeofnegation
全部否认fullnegation
部分否认partialnegation
转移否认shiftofnegation
语序order
自然语序naturalorder
倒装语序inversion
全部倒装fullinversion
部分倒装partialinversion
直接引语directspeech
间接引语indirectspeech
自由直接引语freedirectspeech
自由间接引语freeindirectspeech
一致agreement
主谓一致subject-predicateagreement
语法一致grammaticalagreement
概念一致notionalagreement
就近原那么principleofproximity.2abc8.
强调emphasis
重复repetition
语音pronunciation
语调tone
升调risingtone
降调fallingtone
降升调falling-risingtone
文体style
正式文体formal
非正式文体informal
口语spoken/oralEnglish
套语formulisticexpression
英国英语BritishEnglish
美国英语AmericanEnglish
用法usage
感情色彩emotionalcoloring
褒义mendatory
贬义derogatory
幽默humorous
挖苦sarcastic
挖苦ironic
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