初高中英语语法总结.docx

1、初高中英语语法总结初高中英语语法总结 初高中英语语法总结 Sometimes we use more than one adjective in front of a noun: 有时候我们用一个以上形容词来修饰名词： He was a nice intelligent young man. She had a small round black wooden box. Opinion adjectives: Some adjectives give a general opinion. We can use these adjectives to describe almost any no

2、un: 有些形容词给了一个大体的描述。我们可以用这些形容词来描述几乎所有名词： Some adjectives give a specific opinion. We only use these adjectives to describe particularkinds of noun: 有些形容词给了一个特殊的含义。我们只用这些形容词来描述特定的名词： Food: tasty; delicious Furniture, buildings: fortable; unfortable People, animals: clever; intelligent; friendly We usu

3、ally put a general opinion in front of a specific opinion: 我们经常在特殊概念前用一个普遍的概念： Nice tasty soup. A nasty unfortable armchair A lovely intelligent animal Usually we put an adjective that gives an opinion in front of an adjective that is descriptive: 通常我们放一个描述性形容词在某个被描述的形容词前面 a nice red dress; a silly

4、old man; those horrible yellow curtains We often have two adjectives in front of a noun: 我们经常将两个形容词放在一个名词前面： a handsome young man; a big black car; that horrible big dog Sometimes we have three adjectives, but this is unusual: 有时候会用到三个形容词，但这是不太寻常的： a nice handsome young man; a big black American car

5、; that horrible big fierce dog It is very unusual to have more than three adjectives. Adjectives usually e in this order: 形容词通常以这种顺序排列： We use some adjectives only after a link verb: 有些形容词只用在系动词后面： Some of the monest -ed adjectives are normally used only after a link verb: 一些最普通的以-ed结尾的形容词通常只用在系动词后面

6、： annoyed; finished; bored; pleased; thrilled We say: 我们说： Our teacher was ill. My uncle was very glad when he heard the news. The policeman seemed to be very annoyed but we do not say: 但我们不说： We had an ill teacher. When he heard the news he was a very glad uncle He seemed to be a very annoyed polic

7、eman A few adjectives are used only in front of a noun: 有些形容词只用在名词前面： We say: He lives in the eastern district. There were countless problems with the new machinery. but we do not say: The district he lives in is eastern The problems with the new machinery were countless. 英语语法术语Grammatical Terms 语法

8、grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 构造 structure 层次 rank 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech 单词 word .2abc8. 实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 单纯词simple word 派生词derivative 复合词pound 词性part of speech 名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun 普通名词 mon noun 可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable noun 抽象名词 abs

9、tract noun 详细名词 concret noun 物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective noun 个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 动词 verb 主动词 main verb 及物动词 transitive verb 不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规那么动词 regular verb 不规那么动词 irregular verb 短语动词 phrasal verb 限定动词

10、finite verb 非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb 感慨词 exclamation 形容词 adjective 副词 adverb 方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree 时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 修饰性副词 adjunct 连接性副词 conjunct 疑问副词 interrogative adverb 关系副词 relative ad

11、verb 代词 pronoun 人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun 反身代词 reflexive pronoun 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun 不定代词 indefinite pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun 形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive p

12、ronoun 冠词 article 定冠词 definite article 不定冠词 indefinite article 数词 numeral 基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral 分数词 fractional numeral 形式 form 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 限定动词 finite verb form 非限定动词 non-finite verb form 原形 base form 从句 clause 附属句 subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause 名

13、词从句 nominal clause 定语从句 attributive clause 状语从句 adverbial clause 宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause.2abc8. 同位语从句 appositive clause 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句 adverbial clause of c

14、ause 结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result 目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition 真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition 非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition 错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition 句子 sentence

15、简单句 simple sentence 并列句 pound sentence 复合句 plex sentence 并列复合句 pound plex sentence 陈述句 declarative sentence 疑问句 interrogative sentence.2abc8. 一般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 special question 选择疑问句 alternative question 附加疑问句 tag question 反义疑问句 disjunctive question 修辞疑问句 rhetorical question 感慨疑问句 exclama

16、tory question 存在句 existential sentence 肯定句 positive sentence 根本句型 basic sentence pattern 否认句 negative sentence 祈使句 imperative sentence 省略句 elliptical sentence 感慨句 exclamatory sentence 句子成分 members of sentences 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object 双宾语 dual object 直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语 indirect object

17、复合宾语 plex object 同源宾语 cognate object 补语 plement 主补 subject plement 宾补 object plement 表语 predicative 定语 attribute 同位语 appositive 状语 adverbial 句法关系 syntactic relationship 并列 coordinate 附属 subordination 修饰 modification 前置修饰 pre-modification 后置修饰 post-modification 限制 restriction 双重限制 double-restriction

18、非限制 non-restriction 数 number 单数形式 singular form .2abc8. 复数形式 plural form 规那么形式 regular form 不规那么形式 irregular form 格 case 普通格 mon case 所有格 possessive case 主格 nominative case 宾格 objective case 性 gender 阳性 masculine 阴性 feminine 通性 mon 中性 neuter 人称 person 第一人称 first person 第二人称 second person 第三人称 third

19、person 时态 tense 过去将来时 past future tense 过去将来进展时 past future continuous tense 过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense 一般现在时 present simple tense 一般过去时 past simple tense 一般将来时 future simple tense 现在完成时 past perfect tense 过去完成时 present perfect tense 将来完成时 future perfect tense 现在进展时 present continuous tense 过

20、去进展时 past continuous tense 将来进展时 future continuous tense 过去将来进展时 past future continuous tense 现在完成进展时 present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进展时 past perfect continuous tense 语态 voice 主动语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice 语气 mood 陈述语气 indicative mood 祈使语气 imperative mood 虚拟语气 subjunctive mood 否认 negati

21、on 否认范围 scope of negation 全部否认 full negation 部分否认 partial negation 转移否认 shift of negation 语序 order 自然语序 natural order 倒装语序 inversion 全部倒装 full inversion 部分倒装 partial inversion 直接引语 direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech 自由直接引语 free direct speech 自由间接引语 free indirect speech 一致 agreement 主谓一致 subject-pred

22、icate agreement 语法一致 grammatical agreement 概念一致 notional agreement 就近原那么 principle of proximity .2abc8. 强调 emphasis 重复 repetition 语音 pronunciation 语调 tone 升调 rising tone 降调 falling tone 降升调 falling-rising tone 文体 style 正式文体 formal 非正式文体 informal 口语 spoken/oral English 套语 formulistic expression 英国英语 British English 美国英语 American English 用法 usage 感情色彩 emotional coloring 褒义 mendatory 贬义 derogatory 幽默 humorous 挖苦 sarcastic 挖苦 ironic