物联网与智能建筑外文文献翻译.docx

物联网与智能建筑外文文献翻译.docx

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物联网与智能建筑外文文献翻译

物联网与智能建筑外文翻译2019

英文

AdoptingInternetofThingsforthedevelopmentofsmartbuildings:

Areviewofenablingtechnologiesandapplications

MengdaJia,AliKomeily,etc

Abstract

The21stcenturyiswitnessingafast-paceddigitalrevolution.Asignificanttrendisthatcyberandphysicalenvironmentsarebeingunprecedentedlyentangledwiththeemergenceof InternetofThings （IoT）. IoT hasbeenwidelyimmersedintovariousdomainsintheindustry.AmongthoseareaswhereIoTwouldmakesignificantimpactsarebuildingconstruction,operation,andmanagementbyfacilitatinghigh-classservices,providingefficientfunctionalities,andmovingtowardssustainabledevelopmentgoals.Sofar,IoTitselfhasenteredanambiguousphaseforindustrialutilization,andtherearelimitednumberofstudiesfocusingontheapplicationofIoTinthebuildingindustry.GiventhepromisingfutureimpactofIoTtechnologiesonbuildings,andtheincreasinginterestsininterdisciplinaryresearchamongacademics,thispaperinvestigatesthestate-of-the-artprojectsandadoptionsofIoTforthedevelopmentof smartbuildings withinbothacademiaandindustrycontexts.Thewide-rangingIoTconceptsareprovided,coveringthenecessarybreadthaswellasrelevanttopicdepththatdirectlyrelatestosmartbuildings.CurrentenablingtechnologiesofIoT,especiallythoseappliedtobuildingsandrelatedareasaresummarized,whichencompassesthreedifferentlayersbasedontheconventionalIoTarchitecture.Afterwards,severalrecentapplicationsofIoTtechnologiesonbuildingstowardsthecriticalgoalsofsmartbuildingsareselectedandpresented.Finally,theprioritiesandchallengesofsuccessfulandseamlessIoTintegrationforsmartbuildingsarediscussed.Besides,thispaperdiscussesthefutureresearchquestionstoadvancetheimplementationofIoTtechnologiesinbothbuildingconstructionandoperationphases.ThepaperarguesthatamatureadoptionofIoTtechnologiesinthebuildingindustryisnotyetrealizedand,therefore,callsformoreattentionfromresearchersintherelevantfieldsfromtheapplicationperspective.

Keywords:

InternetofThings（IoT）,Smartbuildings,Builtenvironment,StateoftheartreviewApplicationassessment

Introduction

Inthepastdecades,agreatdealofresearchfocusedon smartbuildings,communities,cities,andinfrastructures[1,2].Amongothers,oneofthemotivationsbehindtheseresearchactivitiesistodevelopanapproachtoprovidereliableandenergyefficientserviceswithoutcompromisingthecomfortandsatisfactionlevelofpeopleinthetargetedcontexts.However,untilnow,thistopicisstillbeingexploredthoughresearchershavestudiedrelatedissuesfromdifferentaspects[[93], [94], [95], [96]],asthepracticalimplementationplanisunderinvestigation,andthetopicinvolvesanadaptationoftechnologiesandknowledgefrommulti-disciplines.Fromtheoperationalperspective,thecurrentprogresstowardsthedevelopmentofsmartbuildings,communities,andcitiesmaybedescribedasisolatedandsegmentedintermsofintegrationoftechnologyandapplicationdevelopment,mainlyowingtothecurrent IoT applications'limitationsandsensornetworksinbuildings,cities,andinfrastructuresthatarenotseamlesslyunified[3].

Buildingsareoneofthebasicwhilecrucialunitsforhuman'slivingenvironment.Theconceptofsmartbuildingsoriginateswiththeincreaseinintegrationofadvancedtechnologytobuildingsandtheirsystemssuchthatthebuildings'whole lifecycle canberemotelyoperatedandcontrolledforconvenience,comfort,andinacost-andenergy-efficientmanner.Itiswidelyacceptedthattheuseofnewtechnologiesisafundamentalprerequisitetoachievethe realization ofsmartbuildings（alsoknownasintelligentbuildings）,whichincludes,butisnotlimitedto,sensordeployment,bigdataengineeringandanalytics,cloudandfogcomputing,softwareengineeringdevelopment,andhuman-computerinteractionalgorithms,etc.Amongthesesupportingtechnologies,oneofthetrendingareasisthedevelopmentof InternetofThings （IoT）,asoneofthechallengesofsmartbuildingsistodealwithacomplexwebofinterconnectedfunctionalentitiesindifferentaspectsofabuilding[4,5].WiththeuseofIoT,thereisanenormouspotentialtomakeconsiderableprogresstowardstheenvisionedgoals.GiventhediversityofthestakeholdersandapplicationsofIoT,amultitudeofdefinitionsforthetechnologyareavailableintheliterature[6].Onthetechnologicalside,IoTmayberealizedastheconvergenceofthreemajorparadigms,namely:

Things-orientedvision,Internet-orientedvision,andSemantic-orientedvision[7].Onthisbasis,theauthorsproposeaHuman-orientedvisiontobeincorporatedasthefourthparadigmontheapplicationside.

ThearchitectureofIoTiscraftedtoequipallobjectswithidentifying,sensing,networking,andprocessingcapabilities,sothattheseobjectscouldexchangeandshareinformationwitheachotheranddevelopadvancedservicesovertheInternet.Thus,the interconnection wouldfurtherfacilitatedeeperinsightofcomplexsystems,providedynamiccontext-awaredecision-makingcapabilitiesandintelligentautonomy.Thesecapabilitiespavethewayforachievingthegoalsinsmartbuildingswhichisintegratedambientintelligencebycreatingaglobalnetworksupportingubiquitouscomputing[[8], [9], [10]]aswellascontext-awarenessamongdevices[11].In2008,theUSNationalIntelligenceCouncilenvisionedIoTasoneoftheareaswithpotentialinfluenceonUScomprehensivenationalpowerandincludeditinthelistofsix“DisruptiveCivilTechnologies”[12].Notsurprisingly,inthepastfiveyears,aspeedygrowthinnumberofconnecteddeviceshasbeenobserved.Ciscoreportedthatin2010,thenumberofconnecteddevicesperpersonismorethansixconsideringthosewhousetheInternetandestimatedthatthenumberofconnecteddevicesworldwidewillrisefrom20billiontodayto50billionby2020[13,14].

TheemergenceofIoTisanevolutionaloutcomeofaseriesofexistingtechnologiessuchas wirelesssensornetworks （WSN）,andmachine-to-machine（M2M）communication,etc.TheimplicationsofIoTistwo-fold:

•Integrationofsensing,storage,network,processing,andcomputingcapabilitiesintoeverydayobjects（e.g.homeappliances,door,window,lights,smokedetectors,etc.）andbringingthemonline,eventhoughtheymightnotbeoriginallydesignedwiththesecapabilities.ThisiscontrarytomostofthedeviceswhicharecurrentlyontheInternetandwereoriginallydesignedtobepartofit（e.g.smartphones,laptops,etc.）.

•Integrationofnetworkswhichincludeobjectsmentionedabove.Thiswouldmakethemaccessibleviathenetwork.

TheambientintelligenceofferedbyIoTfacilitateseveryobjecttounderstandtheirenvironments,establishmeaningfulinteractionwithpeopleandassistpeopleindecision-making.Althoughresearchersarestillfacingtechnicalchallengestodevelop,apply,andeventuallymaturingIoT[15],thetechnologyhasbeengivenhighexpectationtobeapplicabletoavarietyofindustries,suchashealthcare,manufacturing,retail,farming,industrialautomation,etc.[16,17].Meanwhile,theArchitecture,Engineering,Construction,andOperation（AECO）industryalsoattemptstoadoptIoTtopushtheprogressofconnectedinformatization,whichisoneoftheaimsofsmartbuildings.However,thefocusofresearcherscurrentlyplaceonthedevelopmentofapplicationsolutionsofIoTinthebuildingindustrycouldbefurtherstrengthened.Thereasonisthat,currently,mostoftheeffortsaresituatedintheimprovementofIoTtechnologyitself,i.e.,mostlyconcentratedinelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceareas.Nevertheless,thecollaborationofotherdisciplinesincludingcivilengineeringorbuildingtechnologyisalsorequiredtoidentifytheproblemsandchallengesthatwouldbesolvedorimprovedbyusingIoTandconsequentlyfacilitatetheadaptabilityofIoTinsmartbuildings.Moreover,theresearchonapplicationofIoTcanconverselydiscovermorepotentialproblemsandresearchdirectionsonIoTdevelopment,bothonthetechnologicalandmethodologicalsides.

Asarecenttrend,IoThasstartedtopenetrateinthebuildingindustryinthepastyears.ResearchersandpractitionersarebothexploringthebenefitsanddrawbacksofIoTthroughactualimplementation.Forexample,severalcompaniesincludingIBMandIntelarealreadylaunchingtheirproductsofsmartbuildingstotheworld[18],demonstratingthecompetitiveedgeandfuturetendencyofIoT.Therefore,itisnecessarytounderstandhowtointegrateIoTintothisindustrytobenefitthedevelopmentofsmartbuildings.However,tothebestoftheauthors'knowledge,althoughsurveysforIoT-basedsmartbuildingsexist（e.g.smarthometechnologies）[4,19],currentliteratureslackacomprehensivereviewandanalysisofIoTapplicationstotheoverallfieldsforfuturebuildingdevelopment.Furthermore,astheinterestforinterdisciplinaryresearchcontinuestoincrease,ananalyticalreviewmaybeanewstartingpointforresearchersinthefieldsofcivil,construction,andarchitecturalengineering.Hence,althoughtheentireIoTsectoristechnologydrivenandsuffersfromatopdownapproachwhiletheusersarenotthecorethatdrivesthechange,athoroughunderstandingofthetechnicalneedsandpotentialapplicationareastothebuildingindustryissignificanttohelpsupplementimprovementdimensionsofIoTandexpeditethedevelopmentofsmartbuildings.

Researchmotivationandcontribution

Themotivationforthispapercomesfromthenatureandrequirementofsmartbuildings.Awell-developedsmartbuildingcontainsextensive