05 sip字段说明.docx

上传人:b****5 文档编号:6990946 上传时间:2023-01-15 格式:DOCX 页数:21 大小:323.73KB
下载 相关 举报
05 sip字段说明.docx_第1页
第1页 / 共21页
05 sip字段说明.docx_第2页
第2页 / 共21页
05 sip字段说明.docx_第3页
第3页 / 共21页
05 sip字段说明.docx_第4页
第4页 / 共21页
05 sip字段说明.docx_第5页
第5页 / 共21页
点击查看更多>>
下载资源
资源描述

05 sip字段说明.docx

《05 sip字段说明.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《05 sip字段说明.docx(21页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。

05 sip字段说明.docx

05sip字段说明

SIP协议的各字段分析和各种功能的应用

一、SIP字段说明

1.Request-Line

Request-Line=MethodSPRequest-URISPSIP-Version

包含method名字、一个Request-URI和一个用空格隔开的协议版本号。

Method包含SIP协议的6种命令:

Register、Invite、ACK、Cancel、BYE和Options;Request-URI:

标注被叫的号码或者是名字以及服务器的地址或者是URI地址;SIP-Version:

在请求消息和应答消息中都包含有SIP的协议版本号,一般是“SIP/2.0”。

2.Responses

Status-Line=SIP-VersionSPStatus-CodeSPReason-Phrase

应答命令是用来回应请求命令的,状态行包含协议版本、状态码和原因描述(用文本方式描述状态);状态码有1XX、2XX、3XX、4XX、5XX和6XX等六种,分别描述不同的内容。

3.HeaderFields

Via:

用来标识应答消息的返回路径,包含SIP版本、通过的路径、branch;在应答包中会看到此包经过别的路径后加进去的路径参数,如果是经过了NAT,那么里面会加上received=ip,rport=port这类的参数

Max-Forwards:

用来表示这个包最多可以被传送多少跳,当此值为0还没有到达目的地时,系统会回483(TooManyHops);一般在含有request的源包里面带有这个字段,默认值正常的都是设置为70

User-Agent:

终端设备自己填写的关于设备方面的信息,没有具体用处

From:

源的displayname和源的URI;&前面带的是设备号或者是主叫号码,&后面带的是proxy的地址

To:

目的地的绝对地址,包含被叫displayname和被叫URI;&前面带的是设备号或者是被叫号码,&后面带的是proxy的地址

Call-ID:

是一个唯一的标识符,在一通呼叫中请求和应答消息中的Call-ID是唯一的

Contact:

包含源的URI信息,用来给响应消息直接和源建立连接用

CSeq:

用来标识命令和命令顺序,用32位无符号整数来表示,要小于2**31

Expires:

在注册包和注册应答包中携带,用来协商URI的有效时间,当为0的时候表示注销设备,没有Expires的时候会被系统拒绝(现在做了修改,如果没有这个字段,系统会把此值当作是3600)

Allow:

允许的命令

Supported:

支持的操作,例如:

replace等

Content-Type:

指明消息体的类型

Content-Length:

指明消息体的字节大小

4.Messagebody

SDP协议版本

会话名,例如:

SIPCALL

ConnectionInformation:

ConnectNetworkType现在只有IN(Internet);ConnectionAddressType现在只有IP4和IP6两种;ConnectionAddress可以为单播地址或多播组地址,如果是多播组地址还必须有一个生存时间(TTL)值,如:

c=INIP4224.2.1.1/127,表示TTL=127秒

TimeDescription:

标明会话的开始时间和终止时间

MediaDescription:

包含媒体类型、端口、传送层和格式列表4部分,传送层描述的是MediaProtocol,例如:

RTP/AVP表示IETFRTP协议,udp表示UDP协议;格式列表列举出支持的codec类型

MediaAttribute:

有两种描述方式:

a=<属性>或a=<属性>:

<值>,第一种形式称为特殊属性,无须规定数值,如:

a=recvonly表示该媒体信道是“只收”信道;第二种形式称为数值属性,例如:

MediaAttributeValue:

18G729/8000这种形式

二、一些功能信令流程

1.Refer(Transfer业务)命令的使用

对于SIP信令的Transfer应用,主要用到的命令就是Refer,在B挂机后会向系统发出Refer命令,系统回应一个Accepted(202)命令,然后系统再会一个Notify命令,B回应200OK后,过程结束,具体的信令流程和信令内容请查看SIPTransfer文档,下面列举如下:

 

AttendedCallTransfer

Message1

REFERsip:

b@SIP/2.0

Via:

SIP/2.0/UDP;branch=z9hG4bK2293940223

To:

b@>

From:

a@>;tag=193402342

Call-ID:

898234234@

CSeq:

93809823REFER

Max-Forwards:

70

Refer-To:

(whateverURI)

Contact:

sip:

a@

Content-Length:

0

Message2

SIP/2.0202Accepted

Via:

SIP/2.0/UDP;branch=z9hG4bK2293940223

To:

b@>;tag=4992881234

From:

a@>;tag=193402342

Call-ID:

898234234@

CSeq:

93809823REFER

Contact:

sip:

b@

Content-Length:

0

Message3

NOTIFYsip:

a@SIP/2.0

Via:

SIP/2.0/UDP;branch=z9hG4bK9922ef992-25

To:

a@>;tag=193402342

From:

b@>;tag=4992881234

Call-ID:

898234234@

CSeq:

1993402NOTIFY

Max-Forwards:

70

Event:

refer

Subscription-State:

active;expires=(dependsonRefer-ToURI)

Contact:

sip:

b@

Content-Type:

message/sipfrag;version=2.0普通呼叫的type为:

application/sdp

Content-Length:

20

2.Replace的使用

过程如下图所示:

3.EarlyMediaApplications

在SIP的EarlyMedia中使用的是183信令来实现,如下图:

4.SIP自动callback的应用

5.用InstantMessagetoTransferaCall

6.SIPMessageWaiting

7.SIPCallControlinConferencing

三、新功能

1.SigComp

theSignalingCompression(SigComp)add-onmoduleisasolutionforcompressingSIP

signaling.SinceSIPmessagesaretextbased,theyarenotoptimizedintermsofsize.Forexample,

typicalSIPmessagesrangefromafewhundredbytestotwothousandbytesormore(RFC3261).

Withtheplannedusageoftheseprotocolsinwirelessandcellularhandsets,andaspartofthe3GPP

(ThirdGenerationPartnershipProject)requirementsforIMS(IPMultimediaSubsystem),thelarge

messagesizeisproblematicandmessagecompressionismandatory.

2.DLA(DynamicLocalAddress)

enablesthedynamicopeningandclosingofthelocalIP

addresses,whichareusedforrequestsendingandreception,atanymomentoftheSIPStacklife

cycle.Thisfeatureistypicallyusedwithmultihomedhost.DLAisusedforbroadband(DSL,cable),

aswellaswirelessandcellularnetworks,tosupporthandoffsandIPaddresschangesbyservice

providers.

3.IP_TOS

determinesthevalueoftheTypeofServicefieldintheIPheaderofallpacketsthatare

sentovertheoutgoingconnections.(SupportedforIPv4addressesonly.)

4.TransmitterObject

theSIPStackusestransmitterobjectsformessagesending.Eachtransaction

objectholdsasingletransmitterobjectandusesittosendSIPmessagesandmessage

retransmissions.Theapplicationcanusethisnewobjectforsendinganout-of-scoperequestor

responsewithoutusingtheTransactionlayer.

5.REFERRFC3515

REFERisaSIPmethoddefinedbyRFC3515(SessionInitiationProtocol

ReferMethod).TheREFERmethodindicatesthattherecipientoftheREFERrequestshouldcontact

athirdpartyusingthecontactinformationprovidedintheREFERrequest.RFC3515providesa

mechanismallowingthepartythatissendingtheREFERtobenotifiedoftheoutcomeofthe

referencedrequestwithaNOTIFYrequest.Thisimplementationusessubscriptionobjectsfor

REFERimplementation.ItreplacesthepreviousREFERimplementationandisintroduceddueto

standardmodifications.

6.Client-sideforking

inpreviousSIPToolkitversions,ifarequestwasforked,theSIPStackonthe

clientsideautomaticallyconnectedthefirstestablisheddialog,anddidnotallowtheapplicationto

chooseadifferentdialogorconnectmultipledialogs.Inthecurrentversion,theCall-legand

Subscriptionmoduleswereenhancedtoallowthisflexibility.

7.Mergingdisabling

ifaproxyforksarequestandeventuallythetworequestsareterminatedatthesameUserAgentServer(UAS),theUASneedstomergethemintoonerequest.TherearecaseswheretheUASisagatewayandthereforewillwanttoavoidthemessagemerging.Thisflexibilityiscurrentlyavailable.

8.TransportLayerenhancements

twofunctionalitieswereadded.Anapplicationcannowblockincomingconnectionsevenbeforedatawasreceivedonthem.Thisletstheapplicationimplementawhite/blackIPaddresslistandhandlethedenialofserviceattacksinabetterway.Accesstotheincomingrawbuffersothattheapplicationcandumpbuffertofileordiscardthebuffer,forexample.

9.A-synchronousDNS

DNSfunctionalitywasenhancedandisnowa-synchronous,improvingperformanceespeciallyformulti-sessionapplicationssuchasgatewaysandservers.

10.DNSserverruntimeconfiguration

insomecases,itisrequiredtochangetheDNSserverthatisbeingusedatruntime.ThisisnowpossibleviatheSIPToolkitAPIs.

11.ManualPRACK

theapplicationcannowcontrolthesendingofPRACK/200.Thisisanadditiontotheautomaticfunctionalityavailableinpreviousversions.

12.Primitivescompilationflag

thisnewcompilationflagreplacestheEXTRA_LEANcompilationflag.Itremovesthedialoglayer,allowingapplicationtoworkdirectlyabovetheTransactionlayer.Additionally,itremovesspecificsupportofcertainheaders.Theapplicationcanstillusetheseheadersbyaddingspecificsupportintheapplicationitself.

13.MiddleLayerforlow-levelservices

theRADVISIONoperatingsystemabstractionlayerwaswrappedandsomeofitsAPIsarenowexposedsotheapplicationcanuseservicessuchastimersandselect.

14.Viaheadercontrol

someimplementations,suchaswhenusingaSTUN/TURNserver,requiremanualmodificationoftheViaheaderafterDNSwascompleted.Thiscontrolandflexibilityisnowpossible.

15.Subscriptionhighavailability

theRADVISIONSIPStackprovidesastoreandrestoremechanismthatenablestheapplicationtobackupsubscriptionsintheACTIVEstate.Backingupsubscriptionsletsapplicationdevelopersimplementredundancycapabilitiesintheirsystems,allowingback-upsystemsto“takeover”whentheprimarysystemgoesdown.Whenstoringanactivesubscription,allofthesubscriptionparametersarecopiedintoaconsecutivebuffer.Theapplicationcanthensavethisbufferanduseitwhenrestoringthebackupobject.

16.Authenticationenhancement

theauthenticationmechanismenablesaUserAgentClient(UAC)toproveauthenticitytoserversorproxieswhichrequireauthentication.TheSIPStacksupportsSIPauthenticationusingtheHTTPDigestSchemeasdescribedinRFC3261andRFC2617.Inthecurrentversion,supportofthe“auth-int”qualityofprotection(qop)wasadded.Forserver-sideauthentication,only“auth”qopissupported.

17.RequirementsforEnd-to-MiddleSecurityfortheSessionInitiationProtocol(SIP)【rfc4189】

ASessionInitiationProtocol(SIP)UserAgent(UA)doesnotalways

trustallintermediariesinitsrequestpathtoinspectitsmessage

bodiesand/orheaderscontainedinitsmessage.TheUAmightwantto

protectthemessagebodiesand/orheadersfromintermediaries,except

thosethatprovideservicesbasedonitscontent.Thissituation

requiresamechanismcalled"end-to-middlesecurity"tosecurethe

informationpassedbetweentheUAandintermediaries,whichdoesnot

interferewithend-to-endsecurity.Thisdocumentdefinesasetof

requirementsforamechanismtoachieveend-to-middlesecurity

18.TheStreamControlTransmissionProtocol(SCTP)asaTransportfortheSessionInitiationProtocol(SIP)【rfc4168】

ThisdocumentspecifiesamechanismforusageofSCTP(theStream

ControlTransmissionProtocol)asthetransportmechanismbetweenSIP

(SessionInitiationProtocol)entities.SCTPisanewprotocolthat

providesseveralfeaturesthatmayprovebeneficialfortransport

betweenSIPentitiesthatexchangealargeamountofmessages,

includinggatewaysandproxies.AsSIPistransport-independent,

supportofSCTPisarelativelystraightforwardprocess,nearly

identicaltosupportforTCP

19.SessionInitiationProtocol(SIP)-H.323

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 初中教育 > 语文

copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1