雅思写作A类图表作文讲义.docx

雅思写作A类图表作文讲义.docx

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雅思写作A类图表作文讲义

AcademicWritingTask1

雅思写作的考试形式

★IELTSWriting

•Saturday/ThursdayMorning

•3rdpaperTest

★QuestionBooklet

◆Task1

•Report（Academic）/Letter（General）

•150w,20m

◆Task2

•Essay

•250w,40m

★WritingBooklet

◆mini-sized（《雅思写作胜经》167页B–167附有缩印的答题纸样）

•Task1:

side1&2

•Task2:

side3&4

◆original-sized（可从下面的公共邮箱下载）本讲义附录附有

•ningboyu_nos@

•PW:

ieltswriting

◆写作工具：

PencilandEraser（附送）

★Scoring

◆Examiner

•Task1and2:

0-9

◆WritingBand

•1/3*T1+2/3*T2

•6→6.5

◆OverallBand

★Requirement

◆Academic–OverallBandScore

•LanguageSchool5.5

•Undergraduate6

•Graduate6.5

FamousUniversities+0.5

PopularMajors+0.5

◆GeneralTraining

Eachsection>=5/6

★各国雅思考试的水平情况

★Registration

◆Objective:

Anacceptablescorewithintheshortesttime

◆Nodeadline,nocompletion!

◆Self-Analysis（Benchmark）

◆NCEE1004.5

◆NCEE130orCET-44255.0

◆CET-4600orCET-64255.5

◆CET-6600orNETEM706.0

•Goodspeaking:

+0.5

◆>4hrs/day,1point/per2months

★ConsiderateIELTS

◆Testasoftenasyouwant

◆Reschedule（500RMB）

◆Refund（-750RMB）

★TeachingMaterial

◆

◆

◆《雅思写作胜经》、群言出版社

★Task1-QuestionGrouping

◆Figure（75%2008Q1）

•Multiple/Single

◆Non-Figure（25%2008Q1）

•Flowchart/Map

雅思图表作文可分6类，四类与数字有关。

与数字有关的三图一表：

线，柱，饼，表。

P100Text4WritingTask1

线状图

柱状图

P54Text2WritingTask1

线状图

饼状图

P31Text1WritingTask1

列表

与数字无关的图

《雅思写作胜经》Bible的P100

流程图

P75Text3WritingTask1

地图

流程图与数字无关，地图与数字亦无关。

★WritingProcedure

◆Read+Plan（3mins）

◆Write（16mins）

◆Check（1mins）

★Read

◆Words:

•paragraph2

◆Pictures:

•Words（title,legend,axis）

•Number（unit,digit）

◆Makenotesonthequestionbooklet!

★Numbers

◆10million/millions

•thousandsof

•millionsof

•billionsof

雅思写作的构思

★ScoringCriterion

ExaminersuseonlyExaminer2Examiner1

◆TA:

Content

◆CC:

Structure

◆LR:

Words

◆GRA:

Sentences

★MarkingCriterion

◆UNDERLENGTH

◆NOOFWORDS

◆PENALTY

◆OFF-TOPIC

◆MEMORISED

◆ILLEGIBLE

★Plan-Content

◆SummarizeFeatures,notlistdata

•a1,a2,a3,…,an

•Trend

•Max/Min

•Slope

•A,B,C,…

•Max/Min

◆Comparisonswithinthechartorbetweenthecharts

◆SelectMainFeatures（recreatesthepictureintheexaminer’smind）

◆SupportingData

◆Reportfacts,notopinions

★Plan-Structure

◆Paragraphornot?

•reader–friendly

◆HowtoParagraph?

•Anewidea,anewparagraph

•Introduction/Conclusion（ifneeded）

ThinkingStyle

◆Paragraphs

•MultipleCharts

Introduction

Chart1

Chart2

…

Comparison

•SingleChart

Introduction

Feature1

Feature2

…

Conclusion（ifneeded）

◆LinkingDevices（LD）

•Betweenparagraphs

•Betweenfeatures

•Withinsentences

★LanguageRequirement

◆Word

•Correctspelling

enviroment/environment

•WordLevel

get/achieveaband8

•WordVariety（Avoidrepetition）

agood/well-paid/satisfactory/decentjob

◆Sentence

•GrammaticalAccuracy

Thereisaboyasksyouout.

•SentenceLength

Band9:

20+

Band7:

15

•StructureVariety

Anewchallengercomeshere.

Herecomesanewchallenger.

★Word&Time

◆Multiple/SingleCharts

◆Intro./Intro.（30w,1s）

◆Chart1/Feature1（50w,4s）

◆Chart2/Feature2（50w,4s）

◆…

◆Comparison/Conclusion（30w,1s）

写作流程：

例：

P100Text4WritingTask1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.ThechatsbelowgaveinformationabouttraveltoandfromTheUK,andaboutthemostpopularcounrtriesforUKresidentstovisit.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Writeatleast150words.

★Introduction

◆Paragraph2

•Copiedphraseswillnotbecounted

•Paraphrasetherubric

★Word（B-78）

◆chart=graph=diagram

•line,curve

•bar,column

•pie

◆table=figures=statistics

◆Save‘below’

◆giveinformationabout

•reveal

•indicate

•demonstrate

◆SimplePresentTense

◆theUK

•Britain

◆mostpopular

•favorite/fashionable/stylish

◆country

•nation

◆UKresidentstovisit

•UKtravelers/visitors/tourists

◆Specific

•in1999

★StructureVariety

◆PassiveVoice

•ThechartshowsA.（do）

•Aisshownbythechart.（bedone）

◆ThelinechartrevealsvisitstoandfromtheUK.

◆VisitstoandfromtheUKarerevealedinthelinechart.

★CompoundSentence

◆Thelinechartreveals…,andthebargraphindicates…

◆Thelinechartreveals…,and…areindicatedinthebargraph.

Introduction

◆ThelinechartrevealsvisitstoandfromBritainandUKtravelers’top5favoritenationsin1999areindicatedinthebargraph.

★LinkingDevices

◆Betweenparagraphs（B-78）

•Accordingtothechart,

linechart

upper/lowerchart

chart1

chartofvisitstoandfromtheUK

◆BetweenFeatures（B-51）

•also/besides/ontheotherhand

•but/however/conversely

•while/inparticular

★BasicStructure1

Thevisitsincreasedgreatlyfromabout12to57millionfrom1979to1999.

（1）

（2）（3）（4）（5）

◆

（1）Subjects

•Legend

visitsabroadbyUKresidents

•Paragraph2

travelfromtheUK

•Synonyms

UKvisitors/travelers/tourists

•it/they

Thevisitsincreasedfrom1979to1999.Inparticular,theyincreasedmostquicklyfrom1985to1988.

◆

（2）Verbs

•increase:

decrease/rise:

fall

•goup:

comedown

•climb:

slide

•ascend:

decline

•rocket:

collapse

•Tense

•increased

•increase

•isexpected/predictedtoincrease

◆（3）Adverbs

•sharply/rapidly/swiftly

•slowly/gradually/tardily

•greatly/vastly/considerably

•slightly/marginally/minutely

◆（4）Numbers

•about/around/roughly/moreorless

•fromabout12to53million

◆（5）Time

•from1979to1999

•between1979and1999

duringthe20years/twodecades

startingfrom1979

★Chart1（Band6.5）

◆Accordingtothelinechart,visitsabroadbyUKresidentsincreasedfromabout12to57millionfrom1979to1999.While,overseastravelerstoBritainwentupfromabout10to27million.ItisobviousthatUKtouristsweremoreandclimbedfasterthanoverseasonesduringtheperiod.

★BasicStructure2

Therewasasharpincreaseinthevisitsfromabout12to53millionfrom1979to1999.

（3）

（2）

（1）（4）（5）

★BasicStructure3

Asharpincreasewasseeninthevisitsfromabout12to53millionfrom1979to1999.

（3）

（2）（6）

（1）（4）（5）

Asharpincrease

（2）&

（1）,（6）

•asharp/slow/great/slightincrease

•anupward/rising/increasingtendency

•adownward/falling/decreasingtrend

•show/prove/witness

★

（2）Verb

◆keep/remain

•unchanged/constant/stable

◆fluctuate

•upward/downward

◆double/triple/quadruple

★Chart1

•Accordingtothelinechart,bothUKtouristsabroadandoverseasonestotheUKwentupfrom1979to1999andtheformerclimbedmoremarkedlythanthelatter.In1979,UKvisitorswereonlyaround2millionmorethantheiroverseascounterparts,beingapproximately12and10millionrespectively.However,twodecadeslater,theyalmostdoubledtheforeigntravelerstoBritain（roughly53and27millionseparately）.

★Chart2（Band6.5）

•ThebargraphdemonstratesthatthemostUKvisitorswenttoFranceandSpain,whichwere11.0and9.5million.Also,manyBritishtravelerswereattractedbytheUSA（4.0million）,Greece（3.5million）andTurkey（2.0million）.

•ThebargraphdemonstratesthatFranceandSpainwerethefavoritecountriesforUKtouristsin1999,whichattractedaround11.0and9.5millionUKvisitorsrespectively.RemotelyfollowingweretheUSA,GreeceandTurkeywith4.0,3.5and2.0milliontravelersseparately.

★Comparison（band6.5）

Whatisalsoworthmentioningisthatalmost40%UKtouristsselectedFranceandSpainin1999,ifthetwodiagramsareconsideredasawhole.

•WhatisalsoworthmentioningisthatFranceandSpainaloneaccountedforalmost40percentofUKtouristsabroadin1999,ifthetwodiagramsareconsideredasawhole.

检查

★Check

◆SampleAnswer（I4-168）

•Script

•Comment–ScriptCorresponding

◆ModelAnswer（I4-169）

TEST4．WRITINGTASK

SAMPLEANSWER

ThisisananswerwrittenbyacandidatewhoachievedaBand5score.Hereistheexaminer'scoment:

Theresponseisunder-length（138words）.Thecandidatereportsthekeyinformationinthefirstgraphi.e.thatvisitstoandfromtheUKincreasedandthattheincreaseinvisitsfromUkwasmoremarkedthanthatofvisitstothecountry.Inthebarcharttheinformationisalsoreportedaccurately.However,thereferencesto＆dollarareconfusing,suggestingthatthecandidatehasnotfullyunderstoodtheinformationgiven,andthereislittleattemttorelatethetwodiagramsortomakecomparisonsacrosstheinformationgiven.

Thereisabriefintroductiontothetopic,withanattempttoparaphasetherubic:

theoverallstructureofthewritingisclear,withsomeuseofbasicdiscoursemakers.Thereisverylittleuseofreference,however,resultinginaconsiderableamountofrepetitionofkeyvocabulary.

Thereisafairlynarrowrangeofsentencetypesanderrorsoccurinverbformationandintheuseoftense.

ProfessionalEnglish

•经济学人

•www.guardian.co.uk卫报

•财经时报

•美国国家广播公司

•华尔街

•thestreetTV

例题解析：

（线图和饼状图）

P54Text2WritingTask1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.ThegraphbelowshowsthedemandforelectricityinEnglanddu