北京航空航天大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题.docx

北京航空航天大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题.docx

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北京航空航天大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题

北京航空航天大学2006年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

PartⅠListeningComprehension（20points）

（略）

PartⅡReadingComprehension（30points）

Directions:

Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem,thereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD．Readthepassagescarefullyanddecideonthebestchoice.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Passage1

Somepsychologistsmaintainthatmentalactssuchasthinkingarenotperformedinthebrainalone,butthatone'smusclesalsoparticipate.Itmaybesaidthatwethinkwithourmusclesinsomewhatthesamewaythatwelistentomusicwithourbodies.

Yousurelyarenotsurprisedtobetoldthatyouusuallylistentomusicnotonlywithyourearsbutwithyourwholebody.Fewpeoplecanlistentomusicthatismoreorlessfamiliarwithoutmovingtheirbodyor,morespecifically,somepartoftheirbody.Oftenwhenonelistenstoasymphonicconcertontheradio,heistemptedtodirecttheorchestraeventhoughheknowsthereisacompetentconductoronthejob.

Strangeasthisbehaviormaybe,thereisaverygoodreasonforit.Onecannotderiveallpossibleenjoymentfrommusicunlessheparticipates,sotospeak,initsperformance.Thelistener“feels”himselfintothemusicwithmoreorlesspronouncedmotionsofhisbody.

Themusclesofthebodyactuallyparticipateinthementalprocessofthinkinginthesameway,butthisparticipationislessobviousbecauseitislesspronounced.

21．Somepsychologistsmaintainthatthinkingis______.

A．notamentalprocess

B．moreofaphysicalprocessthanamentalaction

C．aprocessthatinvolvesyourentirebody

D．aprocessthatinvolvesthemusclesaswellasthebrain

22．Fewpeopleareabletolistentofamiliarmusicwithout______.

A．movingsomepartoftheirbody

B．stoppingwhattheyaredoingtolisten

C．directingtheorchestraplayingit

D．wishingthattheycouldconductmusicproperly

23．Bodymovementsarenecessaryinorderforthelistenerto______.

A．hearthemusicB．appreciatethemusic

C．enjoythemusicfullyD．completelyunderstandthemusic

24．Accordingtotheselection,muscleparticipationintheprocessofthinkingis______.

A．deliberateB．obvious

C．notreadilyapparentD．verypronounced

25．Thebesttitleforthisselectionis______.

A．AnEarforMusic

B．MusicAppreciation

C．HowMusclesParticipateinMentalActs

D．APsychologicalDefinitionoftheThinkingProcess

Passage2

Lazinessisasin—everybodyknowsthat.Wehaveprobablyallhadlecturespointingoutthatlazinessisimmoral,thatitiswasteful,andthatlazypeoplewillneveramounttoanythinginlife.Butlazinesscanbemoreharmfulthanthat,anditisoftencausedbymorecomplexreasonsthansimplewishtoavoidwork.Somepeoplewhoappeartobelazyaresufferingfrommuchmoreseriousproblems.Theymaybesodistrustfuloftheirfellowworkersthattheyareunabletojoininanygrouptaskforfearofridiculeorfearofhavingtheirideasstolen.Thesepeoplewhoseemlazymaybeparalyzedbyafearoffailurethatpreventsfruitfulwork.Orothersortsoffantasiesmaypreventwork;somepeoplearesobusyplanning,sometimesplanninggreatdealsoffantasticachievementsthattheyareunabletodealwithwhatever“lesser”workonhand.Stillotherpeoplearenotavoidingwork;strictlyspeaking,theyaremerelyprocrastinating-reschedulingtheirday.

Lazinesscanactuallybehelpful.Likeprocrastinators,somepeoplemaylooklazywhentheyarereallythinking,planning,contemplating,researching.Weshouldallrememberthatsomegreatscientificdiscoveriesoccurredbychanceorwhilesomeonewas“goofingoff”.Newtonwasn'tworkingintheorchardwhentheapplehithimandhedevisedthetheoryofgravity.Allofuswouldliketohavesomeone“lazy”tobuildtheearorstovewebuy,particularlyifthat“laziness”werecausedbytheworker'stakingtimetocheckeachsteporhisworkandtodohisjobfight.Andsometimes,being“lazy”—thatis,takingtimeoffforarestisgoodfortheoverworkedstudentorexecutive.Takingarestcanbeparticularlyhelpfultotheathletewhoistryingtoohardorthedoctorwho'ssimplyworkinghimselfovertimetoomanyeveningsattheclinic.Sobecarefulwhenyou'retemptedtocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextbook.

26．Themainideaofthispassageisthat______.

A．lazinessisamoralsin

B．thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagesinbeinglazy

C．lazinessisthesignofdeep-seatedemotionalproblems

D．lazypeopledomorecarefulwork

27．Thepassagestatesthat______.

A．lazinessisadisease

B．somepeopleappearlazybecausetheyareinsecure

C．lazinessismorebeneficialthanharmful

D．agooddefinitionoflazinessisemotionalillness

28．Whichofthefollowingconclusiondoesthepassagesupport?

A．Thewordlazinessissometimesappliedincorrectly.

B．Mostofthetimelazinessisavirtue.

C．Mostassemblylineworkersarelazy.

D．Mostinsecurepeoplearelazy.

29．Thefinalparagraphis______.

A．gloomyB．humorousC．seriousD．ironical

30．“Goofingoff”asusedinParagraph2probablymeans______.

A．wastingtimeB．sleepingC．workingD．chattingwithfriends

Passage3

Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnew.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapek,aCzechwriter,firstdreamedthemupforhis1921play“Rossum'sUniversalRobots”.（Theword“robot”comesfromtheCzechwordfordrudgery,robota.）Sincethen,Hollywoodhasproducedcountlessvariationsonthetheme,fromthesultryFalseMariainFritzLang'ssilentmasterpiece“Metropolis”tothewitheringC-3POin“StarWars”andtheruthlessassassinof“Terminator”.Humanoidrobotshavewalkedintoourcollectivesubconscious,coloringourviewsofthefuture.

ButnowJapan'sindustrialgiantsarespendingbillionsofyentomakesuchrobotsareality.Theirnewhumanoidsrepresentimpressivefeatsofengineering:

whenHondaintroducedAsimo,afour-footrobotthathadbeenindevelopmentforsome15years,itwalkedsofluidlythatitswhite,articulatedexteriorseemedtoconcealahuman.Hondacontinuestomakethemachinefaster,friendlierandmoreagile.LastOctober,whenAsimowasinductedintotheRobotHallofFameinPittsburgh,itwalkedontothestageandaccepteditsownplaque.

Attwoandahalffeettall.Sony'sQRIOissmallerandmoretoy-likethanAsimo.Itwalks,understandsasmallnumberofvoicecommands,andcannavigateonitsown.Ifitfallsover,itgetsupandresumeswhereitleftoff.Itcanevenconnectwirelesslytotheinternetandbroadcastwhatitscameraeyescansee.In2003,SonydemonstratedanupgradedQRIOthatcouldrun.HondarespondedlastDecemberwithaversionofAsimothatrunsattwicethespeed.

In2004,Toyotajoinedthefraywithitsownfamilyofrobots,calledPartner,oneofwhichisafour-foothumanoidthatplaysthetrumpet.Itsfingersworktheinstrument'svalves,andithasmechanicallungsandartificiallips.Toyotahopestoofferacommercialversionoftherobotby2010．Thismonth,50PartnerrobotswillactasguidesatExpo2005inAichi,Japan.

Despitetheirsuddenproliferation,however,humanoidsarestillamechanicalminority.Mostoftheworld'srobotsarefaceless,footlessandmute.Theyareboltedtothefloorsoffactories,stampingoutearpailsorweldingpiecesofmetal,makingmoremachines.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,businessordersforindustrialrobotsjumped18%inthefirsthalfof2004．Theymaysoonbeoutnumberedbydomesticrobots,suchasself-navigatingvacuumcleaners,lawnmowersandwindowwashers,whicharesellingfast.Butneitherindustrialnordomesticrobotsarehumanoid.

31．InParagraph1theauthorintroduceshistopicbyrelating______.

A．theideaofhumanoidrobots

B．KarlCapek'screationofrobots

C．Hollywood'sproductionofrobotfilms

D．theoriginofandpopularmoviesaboutrobots

32．Accordingtotheauthor'sdescription,Asimo______.

A．isafour-leggedrobot

B．seemsmorelikeahumanbeingthanamachineinaction

C．seemsmorelikeamachinethanahumanbeinginaction

D．isinasortofanimalform

33．Sony'sQRIOcouldperformallthefollowingtasksEXCEPT______.

A．walkingeverywherefreely

B．understandingsomewordsutteredbypeople

C．findingitsway

D．continuingwalkingafteritstumbles

34．FromthepassagewemayinferthatToyota'sPartner______.

A．ismuchbetterthananyotherrobotsB．isnomorethanamechanicdevice

C．maybeputintomassproductionD．mayspeaklikeman

35．Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten______.

A．in2004B．in2005

C．between2003～2004D．between2004～2005

Passage4

Oceanwaterplaysanindispensableroleinsupportinglife.Thegreatoceanbasinsholdabout300millioncubicmilesofwater.Fromthisvastamount,about80,000cubicmilesofwateraresuckingintotheatmosphereeachyearbyevaporationandreturnedbyprecipitationanddrainagetotheocean.Morethan24,000cubicmilesofraindescendannuallyuponthecontinents.Thisvastamountisrequiredtoreplenishthelakesandstreams,springsandwatertablesonwhichallfloraandfaunaaredependent.Thus,thehydrospherepermitsorganicexistence.

Thehydrospherehasstrangecharacteristicsbecausewaterhaspropertiesunlikethoseofanyotherliquid.Oneanomalyisthatwateruponfreezingexpandsbyabout9percent,whereasmostliquidscontractoncooling.Forthisreason,icefloatsonwaterbodiesinsteadofsinkingtothebottom.Iftheicesank,thehydrospherewouldsoonbefrozensolidly,exceptforathinlayerofsurfacemeltwaterduringthesummerseason.Thus,allaquaticlifewouldbe