The Analysis of Tess 2 2.docx

The Analysis of Tess 2 2.docx

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TheAnalysisofTess22

TheAnalysisofTess’sTragedyin

TessoftheD’Urbervilles

外国语学院10级6班

10050639

Abstract

ThetragedyofTessisboththesocialtragedyandsimultaneouslyalsothedispositiontragedy.TherearemanycausesforTess’stragicfate.Byanalyzingherowncharacter,thesocialbackground,thefamily’spoverty,theironyoffate,ect,thispaperpresentsthemaincausesofTess’stragedy.

KeyWords

Tess’stragedy;internalreasons;externalreasons;theironyoffate\

摘要：

苔丝的悲剧不仅是社会的悲剧同时也是性格的悲剧。

造成苔丝悲的原因有很多。

本文通过分析苔丝自身的性格、19世纪的英国社会的背景、苔丝的家庭背景以及命运的讽刺来挖掘造成苔丝悲惨命运的主要原因。

关键词：

苔丝悲剧，内部因素，外部因素，命运的讽刺

Contents

Abstract（English）

Abstract（Chinese）

Introduction1

1.InternalreasonsforTess’stragedy1

1.1CharacterAnalysisofTess

1.1.1Hercompromisingcharacter2

1.1.2Tess'sCompromisetoAlec.........................................................2

1.1.3Tess'sFeministViewpoint……………………………………3

1.2ThePersonalityWeaknessofTess…………………………………3

1.2.1TheResistanceofTess'sCharacteristics……………………..3

1.2.2TheMoralConservativenessofTess'sCharacter……………5

1.3Herlackofself-awareness5

1.4Herinferiority5

1.5Herlackofeducation6

2.ExternalreasonsforTess’sTragedy8

2.1SocialElementforHertragedy8

2.1.1Capitalismofsocialbackground8

2.1.2MaleConsciousnessLeadingtoTess’sTragedy

2.2FamilyElementforhertragedy9

2.2.1FamilyBackground11

2.2.2HerParentsforTess’sTragedy.11

2.2.2.1HerFathertoTess’sTragedy11

2.2.2.2HerMotherforTess’sTragedy13

2.3theMaleFactorsinTess'sTragedy

3.Theironyoffate13

4.Conclusion14

Acknowledgements15

Bibliography16

Introduction

TheWomen’sLiberationreachesitsclimaxattheendof19thcentury.Hardy’sworksreflectthethoughtofwomenemancipationwhichisinlinewiththezeitgeist.Besides,femalesinhisworksarraythemselvesvehementlyagainstthetraditionalmoresandsociety.Hardysethissightaudaciouslyonthecountrysideandpaidcloseattentiontothetragediesofcommonfamilies.Heisgoodatdepictingthetragicfateoffemales,toexposethedamagesbroughttofemalesbypatriarchalsocietyandtocriticizetheAndrocentrism.

TessoftheD’Urbervillesdescribesavirtuous,tough,self-respectedandtolerantwoman---Tess.Inquestofthefamilygenealogy,thegirlcomesincontactwithAlecD’Urberville,whoseclaimtotheancientfamilynameisdubious.BeforelongtherichandguilefulAlecmanagestoseducethegirlandmakeherpregnant.Shegivesbirthtoachild,whodiessoon.Outoffinancialneed,Tessgoesouttofindworkonadairyfarm.Shedidn’tgiveherselfupashopelessandblameeveryoneandeverythingbutherself.Shechoosestofacesetbacksvalorouslyandundertaketheheavyburdenofthefamilywithoutcomplaint.Later,onthefarmshemeetsAngelClaireandtheyfallinlovewitheachotherandbecomeengaged.Attheweddingnight,TessmakesaconfessionaboutAlec’ssexualtrapandbegsAngel’spardon.However,Angelleavesherindisgust.AfterAngle’sdeparture,AleccontinuestoharassTess.Outoffinancialneed,Tesshastogiveinandlivingwithhim.ThenthejokegoesonwithredoubledintensitywhentheremorsefulAngelClaireresurfacesandthrowsTessintotheabyssofdespair.ShestabsAlecforhurtingherso,andrunsawaywithAngel.Theytrytohideinthewoodwheresheisarrested.Sheishangedlater.ThereisnodoubtthatTessiswretchedbutbrave.ShehassubvertedthetraditionalmoreswhichHardytriestoknockout.Whatkindofevilthingsconverttheangelicalgirltoamurderer?

Whatkindofevilthingsthatpushanelegantandgraciouswomantodeath?

WhataretherootsofTess’stragedy?

1.Internalreasons

1.1CharacterAnalysisofTess

1.1.1Compromisingcharacter

Tesshasthecouragetoreactagainstthetraditionalmoresandconcentrateonthepursuitofherownhappiness.Thereisnodoubtthatsheisanuncompromisingmutineer.However,shecannotthoroughlybreakawayfromthefetteroftraditionalmorality.Sheisconservativeandunenlightened.Ofcoursesheknowsthatsheisaninnocentvictimofviolence.However,whenfacingthecensureofvillagers,shealsoregardsherselfasguilty.

HerrelationshipwithClairealsoshowsanotherkindofcompromisinginhercharacter.Therelationshipbetweenloversshouldbeequal.ButTessconstantlyoverestimatesClairewhileblindlybelittlesherselfasitissaidinthenovel:

“Sheloveshimextremely,shelooksheasthegod.[6]”Whatardentbuthangdoglove!

HermiserablepastdoesnotreceiveClaire’sforgivenessbutrelentlessdiscard.Evenso,herlovetoClaireneverreduces.Lettersafterletters,shedoesn’tregainClaire’slove.Shelosesherself-consciousnessanddignityinfrontoflove.ItistheblindandunequallovethatdeepensTess’stragedy,therefore,shegivesupherrightasawifetostriveforhappiness.

1.1.2Tess’sCompromisetoAlec

AfterTess’shorsedied,herlifeischanged.Inordertosupportherfamily,shehastolivewithAlec.WhenTesscomesacrosswithAlecnearfouryearslaterinthevillageofEverHead,thoughAlecD’Urbervillesseemsfirsttohaveundergonearemarkabletransformationfromarakeintoapiousandreligiousman,hediscardsthisposturesoeffortlesslyandquicklythatitseemstohavebeenasuperfluouscharade.Aleccanescapelegalsanctions,unaffected.Herepresentsalargermoralprincipleratherthanarealindividualman.LikeSatan,Alecsymbolizesthebaseforcesoflifethatdriveapersonawayfrommoralperfectionandgreatness.TesscontinuestosufferasasocialoutcastbecauseofadisgracethatismuchmoreAlec’sfaultthanhers,yetthehypocriticalAlechastheluxurytorepentandevenwinacceptanceasapreacher.Tess’splightasawomanthusappearsincrediblyunjust,stressing“TheWomanPays”.SoTessisobservantanddistrustingofAlec,andsheviewshisconversionasaplottowinherback.Shehaslearntherlessonaboutriskingherselfandherhappinessforthesakeofmoney.Sheismuchstrongerwomannowandismoreknowledgeableaboutconnivingmen,especiallyAlec.ThisstrengthdetersAlecandmakeshimfeelweakerandmorevulnerablebecausehisplotisnotworking.

HersecondcompromisetoAleciswhensheliveswithAlecagain,whileenduringtheabandonedlife.AsTessstruggleswithAlec’stemptation,herneedforAngelbecomesmoreandmoredesperate.IfAngelweretoreturntoheranddohisdutyasherhusband,herproblemswouldgreatlydiminish.ShewritestoAngelandpleadsthathenotjudgesheronherirretrievablepast.Tess’ssituationthusmakesherveryvulnerabletoAlec’spersuasions.Sheisobviouslyheartbrokenandneedstobelovedmorethanever.Sheisalsodistraughtbyherfamily’sever-worseningfinancialsituation.Alec’sreasoningseemsmorevalidtoTessthanithasinthepast.Inaway,TessandAlecaresimilarinthattheyhavebothfallenandaskforforgivenessfortheirindiscretions.AfteralongwaitforAngel’sreply,butnothing,TessbeginstorealizethatAlecmaybeheronlyhope.ShegivesupallhopesandbecomesAlec’smistressforthesakeofherfamily.Tess’sloveisnotgiventhespiritoftranscendencephysicalbeauty,butwiththelossofself-emaciatedblindandmiserable,unrealistictoimaginethatthereisnohopewiththechessboard,andallareattributabletotheself-destinyofthefateandhelplessness.Herlifeisnotworthwhiletoanattachmentthathermanandthisisaprofoundtragedy.Whenshefeelstheopinionsofallthesacrificessoinsignificant,asallactsoflevity,finallydecidestoangrilyrebel.Ofcourse,TessonceexpressedherplainnessangrilybythelastlettertoAngelunderacompletelydisappointedcondition.EvenwhenAngelcomesbackwithloveandloyaltytoaskforherforgiveness,shesaystohim：

“Toolate,toolate!

”“Don’tcomeclosetome,Angel!

”.AllofthesearestillnotTess’srealintentionsfromherposterioracts.WhenshestayswithAngelwhileescapingtobearrested,shesays:

“Iwantyoutogoonlovingme.I’mafraidyoumightrejectmeonedayforwhatI’vedone.ThenIwouldratherbedeadImusthavebeenmadtokillhim!

ButIdon’twanttobealivewhenyourejectmeforit”.BecausesheisdisappointedforAngel,soshecompromisetoAlec.

1.1.3Tess’sFeministViewpoint

IntheChristianBible,thewomenaremadeofoneribofthemen,sothatthewomenaredecidedinasubordinatepositionbasically.However,Tess,whichismadebythewriterHardy,breaksawayfromthedependencyoftheeconomygradually,stepsintothebigandbroadsocietyfromthesmallandnarrowfamily,besides,sheismoreorlesseducatedandhasagreatfavorofeducation.Ingeneral,onlywhenamanhasastrongself-consciousness,hecanrealizethatthereisaequalitybetweenwomenandmenandthewomenisnolongerapoorplaythingformen,neitherablindsatisfiedfamilyaccessories-theso-called"homeangel".Inthenovel,Tessfirstworksforthechickenfarm,whereisseducedbyAlec,thenshegoestothecow'sfarm,worksasamilkmaker,whereshefallsinlovewithClare,however,wholeaveshertoBrazil，afterthatTessworksforthefarmtofixturnipandgrass.Nomatterwhatthelivingconditionsareandwhatthefateis,thereisadramaticallydifferencebetweenTessandthetraditionalwomen.Tessassumestheresponsibilityofraisingfamiliesbeforethemarriage,evenafterClaregoestoBrazil,"IwouldrathersurvivebymyselfthanrelyonClare".ThenwhensheisentwinedbyAlec,Shesays"Myfather-in-lawwillgivememoneywhenIaskfor.""Tess,Iknowyou,youwillnot,youwillneveraskothersformoneyeventhoughyoumaystarvetodie."

WecaneasilyfindTess'sindependenceonfinanceac