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6Unit3GroundlessBeliefs
6-Unit-3-Groundless-Beliefs
Unit3
一、授课时间:
第6-7周
二.授课类型:
课文分析10课时;习题讲解2课时
三.授课题目:
GroundlessBeliefs
四.授课时数:
12
五.教学目的和要求:
通过讲授课文使学生了解文章开门见山,通过假设的方式提出观点,即日常生活中遇到的很多观点都是毫无根据的。
接着深入探讨分析,分别论述了毫无根据的观点的五种不同来源。
最后,作者深化主题、鼓励读者以清晰、理性的方式来思考问题,勇于承认事实,并不惜代价追求真理以避免形成毫无根据的观点。
学会用英语解释句子以达到学以致用的目的。
要求学生主动地预习课文,课前准备练习,学会分析文章体裁和进行段落划分。
六.教学重点和难点:
1)背景知识的传授:
Polygamy;Infanticide;Headhunting;Gladiatorialfighting;Dueling;GalileoGalilei;Prohibition;WilliamJames
2)文章的体裁分析及段落划分;
3)语言点的理解:
Groundless;proposition;restupon/onsth.;assertion;ashadowof;uncritically;staunch;beconsistentwithsth.;fitinwithsb./sth.;beonsb’sguard;enquireintosth.;in(the)lightofsth.;beyondquestion
GrammarFocus:
Learntouseabbreviatedadverbialclauses;Learnmoreaboutthesubjunctivemood
七.教学基本内容和纲要
PartOneWarm–up
1.1Warm-upQuestions
1.Whatistheauthortalkingabouthere?
Whydoyouthinkhewrotethisarticle?
2.Whatisyouroverallimpressionofthisessay?
Doyoufindanypointsraisedbytheauthorparticularenlightening?
3.Doyouagreethatmanyofourbeliefsareactuallygroundless?
Thinkcarefullyandlistatleast10ofyourstrongly-heldconvictionswhich,uponseriousexamination,mustbeclassifiedasgroundless.Tryandanalyzewhynowyouthinktheyaregroundless.
4.Canyouthinkofsomepersonalconvictionsthatyouaredeterminednottogiveawayalthoughtheirlogicalgroundishighlyquestionable?
Canyouexplainwhy?
5.Whydowehavetobotherwhetherourbeliefsarewell-groundedornot?
Asmostofuswillprobablybetranslatorsorinterpretersratherthanimportantdecision-makers,can’twejusttakeorders,getthingsdone,andearnourhonestliving?
6.Doyouhaveanythinginyourmindtochallengetheauthor?
Arehisviewsaboutgroundlessbeliefswell-groundedthemselves?
PartTwoBackgroundInformation
2.1Author
2.2CatholicBelief;PresbyterianBelief;Aristotlevs.Galileo;WilliamJames;ThePrinciplesofPsychology;HeadhuntinginSouthAsia;GladiatorialGames
PartThreeTextAppreciation
3.1TextAnalysis
3.1.1Themeofthetext
3.1.2Structureofthetext
3.2WritingDevices
3.2.1Ellipsis:
Afigureofspeechcharacterizedbytheomissionofoneormorewordsthat,whileessentialtothegrammaticstructureofthesentence,areeasilysuppliedbythereader.
3.3SentenceParaphrase
PartFourLanguageStudy
4.1PhrasesandExpressions
4.1.1Wordlist:
4.1.2Phrasesandexpressionslist:
4.1.3WordBuilding
4.2Grammar
4.2.1Object
PartFiveExtension
5.1Groupdiscussion
5.2Debating
八、教学方法和措施
本单元将运用黑板、粉笔、多媒体网络辅助教学设备等教学手段,主要采用以学生为主体、教师为主导的任务型、合作型等教学模式,具体运用教师讲授法、师生讨论、生生讨论等方法进行教学。
九.作业,讨论题,思考题
完成课后练习;
多看英语报刊杂志及英语经典小说,扩大阅读量;
精听与泛听相结合,逐步提高自己的听力水平;
积极参加英语角等有助于提高英语口语的活动;
坚持用英语写日记;
做一些专四相关练习;
十.参考资料:
1)杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》(4)第二版,学生用书。
北京:
外语教学与研究出版社,2012。
2)杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》(4)第二版,教师用书。
北京:
外语教学与研究出版社,2012。
3)李观仪主编,《新编英语教程》(第三、四册)。
上海:
上海外语教学研究出版,1999。
4)黄源深,虞苏美等主编,《综合英语教程》(1-4册)。
北京:
高等教育出版社,1998。
5)《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》,北京:
外语教学研究出版社,2000。
6)JudyPearsall主编,《新牛津英语词典》。
上海:
上海外语教育出版社,1998。
7)丁往道、吴冰等编著,《英语写作手册》。
北京:
外语教学与研究出版社。
8)张道真,《现代英语用法词典》(重排本)。
北京:
外语教学与研究出版社,1994。
9)张道真,温志达,《英语语法大全》上、下卷。
北京:
外语教学与研究出版社,1998。
十一、课后小结
Unit3
TextAGroundlessBeliefs
PartOneWarm–up
1.1Warm-upQuestions
1.Whatistheauthortalkingabouthere?
Whydoyouthinkhewrotethisarticle?
2.Whatisyouroverallimpressionofthisessay?
Doyoufindanypointsraisedbytheauthorparticularenlightening?
3.Doyouagreethatmanyofourbeliefsareactuallygroundless?
Thinkcarefullyandlistatleast10ofyourstrongly-heldconvictionswhich,uponseriousexamination,mustbeclassifiedasgroundless.Tryandanalyzewhynowyouthinktheyaregroundless.
4.Canyouthinkofsomepersonalconvictionsthatyouaredeterminednottogiveawayalthoughtheirlogicalgroundishighlyquestionable?
Canyouexplainwhy?
5.Whydowehavetobotherwhetherourbeliefsarewell-groundedornot?
Asmostofuswillprobablybetranslatorsorinterpretersratherthanimportantdecision-makers,can’twejusttakeorders,getthingsdone,andearnourhonestliving?
6.Doyouhaveanythinginyourmindtochallengetheauthor?
Arehisviewsaboutgroundlessbeliefswell-groundedthemselves?
PartTwoBackgroundInformation
2.1CatholicBelief
Togainthehappinessofheavenwemustknow,love,andserveGodinthisworld.Manmustknow,loveandserveGodinasupernaturalmannerinordertogainhappinessofheaven.Manisraisedtothesupernaturalorderonlybygrace恩泽,afreegiftofGod.Welearntoknow,love,andserveGodfromJesusChrist,theSonofGod,whoteachesusthroughtheCatholicChurch.“Inordertobesaved,allpersonswhohaveattainedtheuseofreasonmustbelieveexplicitlythatGodexistsandthatherewardsthegoodandpunishesthewicked;inpracticetheymustalsobelieveinthemysteriesoftheBlessedTrinityandtheIncarnation.
BytheBlessedTrinitywemeanoneandthesameGodinthreedivinepersons,theFather,theSon,andtheHolyGhost.圣父、圣子、圣灵BytheIncarnationismeantthattheSonofGod,retainingHisdivinenature,tooktoHimselfahumannature,thatis,abodyandsoullikeours.(教堂里的)会众;集会;集合;人群
TheChurchisthecongregationofallbaptizedpersonsunitedinthesametruefaith,thesamesacrifice,andthesamesacraments,(天主教的)圣事;圣礼undertheauthorityoftheSovereignPontiff罗马教皇andthebishopsincommunionwithhim.
WefindthechieftruthstaughtbyJesusChristthroughtheCatholicChurchintheApostles'Creed.宗徒信经
2.2PresbyterianBelief
WebelievetheBibleisthewrittenwordofGod,inspiredbytheHolySpiritandwithouterrorintheoriginalmanuscripts.TheBibleistherevelationofGod’struthandisinfallible一贯正确的andauthoritative权威的;威严的;有威信的inallmattersoffaithandpractice.
WebelieveintheHolyTrinity.ThereisoneGod,whoexistseternallyinthreepersons:
theFather,theSon,andtheHolySpirit.
WebelievethatallaresinnersandtotallyunabletosavethemselvesfromGod’sdispleasure,exceptbyHismercy.
WebelievethatJesusChrististheeternalSonofGod,whothroughHisperfectlifeandsacrificialdeathatonedfor赎罪thesinsofallwhowilltrustinHim,alone,forsalvation.
WebelievethattheHolySpiritindwellsGod’speopleandgivesthemthestrengthandwisdomtotrustChristandfollowHim.
WebelievethatJesuswillreturn,bodilyandvisibly,tojudgeallmankindandtoreceiveHispeopletoHimself.
2.3Aristotle(384-322BC.):
Letmeintroducemyself,IamAristotle.Ilivedfrom384-322B.C.,IwasapupilofPlato,anotherGreekphilosopher.MostdonotrealizethatIwasatutorofAlexandertheGreat.Myauthorshipincludesworksonethics,logic,metaphysics,naturalsciences,politics,andpoetry.SomesayIhadaprofoundinfluenceoncurrentWesternthought.Myphilosophicalsystemtheoryfollowsempiricalobservationandlogic--theessentialmethodofrationalinquiry.
2.4Galileo(1564--1642).
Galileowasanastronomerandmathematician,borninPisa,Italy.HeenteredPisaUniversityasamedicalstudentin1581,andbecameprofessorofmathematicsatPadua(1592--1610),whereheimprovedtherefractingtelescope(1610),andwasthefirsttouseitforastronomy.帕多瓦(意大利东北部城市);折射望远镜AmonghisotherdiscoverieswerethelawofuniformlyacceleratedmotiontowardstheEarth,theparabolicpathofprojectiles,andthelawthatallbodieshaveweight.匀加速运动规律;弹丸的抛物线轨迹
2.5WilliamJames(1842-1910)
1842-Born.NewYorkCity,January11
1861-EntersLawrenceScientificSchool,HarvardUniversity
1864-WilliamentersHarvardMedicalSchool.
1890-PublicationofThePrinciplesofPsychology.
1910-Died.Chocorua,August26,attheageof68.
ThePrinciplesofPsychology
Jame’sanalysisofthestreamofthought
Hischaracterizationoftheself
Histheoryofemotion.
Hisanalysisofthestreamofthought
James'sanalysisofthestreamofthoughtconsistedofanumberofcomponents.
Thefirstofthesecomponentswasanattackontheideathatsensationsconstitutedthefundamentalelementsofconsciousness.Sensation,Jamesargued,wasanabstractionfromnotafactofexperience.
Thetworemainingcomponentsemphasizedchangeandcontinuityinthought.ForJames,thoughtcontainednoconstantelementsofanykind,betheysensationsorideas.Everyperceptionwasrelativeandcontextualized,everythoughtoccurredinamindmodifiedbyeverypreviousthought.Statesofmindwereneverrepeated.
Hischaracterizationoftheself
James'schapterontheselfintroducednumerousself-relatedconceptsanddistinctionsintopsychology.Thephenomenalself(theexperiencedself,the'me'self,theselfasknown)wasdistinguishedfromtheselfthought(theI-self,theselfasknower).’
Indiscussingtheme-self,Jameswroteofthreedifferentbutinterrelatedaspectsofself:
thematerialself(allthoseaspectsofmaterialexistenceinwhichwefeelastrongsenseofownership,ourbodies,ourfamilies,ourpossessions),thesocialself(ourfeltsocialrelations),andthespiritualself(ourfeelingsofourownsubjectivity).
InaddressingtheI-self,Jamesturnedfirsttothefeelingofselfidentity,theexperiencethat'IamthesameselfthatIwasyesterday.’
Histheoryofemotion
Finally,James'schapterontheemotionspresentedhisfamoustheoryofemotion.伴随物;相伴物
Thechapterbeganwithaclearrecognitionofthecloserelationshipbetweenactionandtheexpressiveandphysiologicalconcomitantsofemotion'Objectsofrage,love,fear,etc.,'hewrote,'notonlypromptamantooutwarddeeds,butprovokecharacteristicalterationsinhisattitudeandvisage,andaffecthisbreathing,circulation,andotherorganicfunctionsinspecificways.’
H