英语四级真题word版下载.docx

英语四级真题word版下载.docx

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英语四级真题word版下载

2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions：

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?

Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切

2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该……

HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?

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PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

AGrassrootsRemedy

Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers（慢跑者）jog,theydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.

Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived（丧失）.IspentmyboyhoodclimbingtreesonStreathamCommon,SouthLondon.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandoddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.

Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:

familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforADHD—attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder（多动症）.Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.

AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,academiclevelswereraisedacrosstheentireschool.

Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,childrencreateahierarchy（等级）basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.

Mostbullying（恃强凌弱）isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac（柏油碎石）playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchoolinStreatham,withitsharshtarmac,whereIusedtohangaboutincornersfantasisingaboutwildlife.

Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:

nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.

OneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.

Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasingemphasisforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.

Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.

DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhisstudy,“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocesshelpsreduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour.”Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.

Wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekindoffavourthathumanbeingsaregrantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:

notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsisprofoundlydamaging.

Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals（哺乳动物）.Forsevenmillionyearstheylivedontheplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithapintofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,understandsthat.

Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialtoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilised.Withoutotherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.

Fivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworld

Walk:

Breaktherhythmofpermanentlybeingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makeacircuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,feelyourselfmovinginmovingair,look,listen,absorb.

Sit:

Takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,anywherethat’snotintheoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situnderatree,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,eversoslightlyrenewed.

Drink:

Thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisbyyourself;thesecondbestwayisincompany.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:

talkwiththesunandthewindwithbirdsongforbackground.

Learn:

Expandyourboundaries.Learnfivespeciesofbird,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,fivebirdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:

andyourmindrespondsgratefullytothegreateramountofwildnessinyourlife.

Travel:

Theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:

bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit:

forthescenery,forthewaythroughthewoods,forthebirds,forthebees.Gosomewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.Itlastsforever,afterall.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Whatistheauthor’sprofoundbelief?

[A]Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.

[B]Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.

[C]Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.

[D]Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?

[A]Personalfreedom.

[B]Thingsthatarenatural.

[C]Urbansurroundings.

[D]Thingsthatarepurchased.

3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?

[A]Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.

[B]Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.

[C]Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.

[D]NaturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD.

4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas________.

[A]tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience

[B]aremorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlife

[C]tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood

[D]arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying

5.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD?

[A]Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.

[B]Providemoregreenspacesforthem.

[C]Placethemundermorepersonalcare.

[D]Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.

6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature?

[A]Theylookonlifeoptimistically.[C]Theyareabletolivelonger.

[B]Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.[D]Theybecomegood-humoured.

7.DrWilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudythat________.

[A]humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeachother

[B]wildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourinpeople

[C]accesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence

[D]ittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamaged

8.Itisextremelyharmfultothinkthathumanityandthenaturalworldcanbe________________________.

9.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbesocivilisedwithout________________________.

10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendofthepassagearemeanttoencouragepeopletoseek_________________withthenaturalworld.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.[A]Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.[C]Thebeachresortisagoodchoice.

[B]Shecan’tstandthehotweather.[D]SheenjoysstayinginWashington.

12.[A]Hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.

[B]Whatherjobprospectsare.

[C]Whatthecustomers’feedbackis.

[D]Thedirector’sopinionofherwork.

13.[A]Combinehertrainingwithdieting.

[B]Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.

[C]Avoidexcessivephysicaltraining.

[D]Includeweightliftingintheprogram.

14.[A]Whenshewillreturnhome.

[B]Whethershecangobyherself.

[C]Whethershecantravelbyair.

[D]Whenshewillcompletelyrecover.

15.[A]