Unit 6 Immigrants.docx

Unit 6 Immigrants.docx

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Unit6Immigrants

Unit6Immigrants

Questions:

Doyouwanttomovetoanothercountryinthemosthonestsense?

Whydoyouhavesuchkindofthoughts?

Whydoyouthinkpeoplemigrate?

Backgroundknowledge:

Whatismigration?

thepermanentchangeofresidencebyanindividualorgroup;itexcludessuchmovementsasnomadism（movingraces）,migrantlabour,commuting（frequentmovingforthandback）,andtourism,allofwhicharetransitoryinnature.

Peoplewhomigratearecalledmigrantsormorespecifically,emigrants,immigrants,orsettlers,dependingonhistoricalsetting,circumstancesandperspective.

internalandinternationalmigrationmaybedistinguished.Withinanycountrytherearemovementsofindividualsandfamiliesfromoneareatoanother（forexample,fromruralareastothecities）,andthisisdistinctfrommovementsfromonecountrytoanother.

Themovementofpopulationsinmoderntimeshascontinuedundertheformofbothvoluntarymigrationwithinone'sregion,country,orbeyond,andinvoluntarymigration（whichincludestheslavetrade,Humantrafficinhumanbeingsandethniccleansing）.

SomestatisticsconcerningthemigrationinAmerica

TheCensusBureauestimatestheforeign-bornpopulationoftheUnitedStatesattwelvepercentasoftwothousandfour.JustoverhalfthepeoplewereborninLatinAmerica,twenty-fivepercentinAsiaandfourteenpercentinEurope.TheremainingeightpercentwerefromAfricaandotherareas.

SectionA

Directions:

Youareexpectedtostudythissectioninclass.Don’tpreview.

WordPretest

Foreachitalicizedword,choosethebestmeaningbelow.

1.Idon’twanttogetmarriedbecauseIdon’twantanycommitments.

A.responsibilities

B.housework

C.worries

2.HefeltveryalienduringhisfirsthoursinParis.

A.disappointed

B.foreign

C.puzzled

3.Againstalltheoddsherecoveredfromhisillness.

A.probability

B.strangeness

C.expectations

4.Anti-Semitismreferstohatredof＿＿＿.

A.Christians

B.Muslims

C.Jews

5.Ofthetenboardmembers.Onlyonedissented.

A.disagreed

B.agreed

C.refused

6.Jackunderwentthreesuccessiveoperationsontheleftlegintwoweeks.

A.happeningnowandthen

B.happeningoneafteranother

C.successful

7.ThepassageacrosstoBelfastwasveryrough.

A.corridor

B.journey

C.excerpt

8.Iadmiretheirenterpriseintryingtostartupanewbusiness.

A.entertainment

B.company

C.boldness

9.Wearefightingtoretainsomeindependence

A.get

B.keep

C.win

10.Thegovernmenthassuccumbedtothepressurefromthepress.

A.yielded

B.overcome

C.convinced

WhyTheyCame

Notmanydecisionscouldhavebeenmoredifficultforafamilytomakethantosayfarewelltoacommunitywhereithadlivedforcenturies,toabandonoldtiesandfamiliarlandmarks,andtosailacrossdarkseastoastrangeland.Today,whenmasscommunicationstellonepartoftheworldallaboutanother,itisquiteeasytounderstandhowpovertyortyrannymightforcepeopletoexchangeanoldnationforanewone.Butcenturiesagomigrationwasaleapintotheunknown.Itwasanenormousintellectualandemotionalcommitment.Theforcesthatmovedearlyimmigrantstotheirgreatdecision---thedecisiontoleavetheirhomesandbeginanadventurefilledwithuncertainty,riskandhardship---musthavebeenofoverpoweringproportions（overwhelming,overcoming）.AsOscarHandlinstates,theearlyimmigrantsofAmerica＂wouldcollidewithunaccustomedproblems,learntounderstandalienwaysandalienlanguages,managetosurviveinaveryforeignenvironment＂.

　　Despitetheobstaclesanduncertaintiesthatlayaheadofthem,millionsdidmigrateto＂thepromisedland＂---America.Butwhatwasitthatmovedsomanytomigrateagainstsuchoverwhelmingodds?

TherewereprobablyasmanyreasonsforcomingtoAmericaastherewerepeoplewhocame.Itwasahighlyindividualdecision.Yetitcanbesaidthatthreelargeforces---religiouspersecution,politicaloppressionandeconomichardship---providedthechiefmotivesforthemassmigrationstoAmerica.TheywererespondingintheirownwaytothepledgeoftheDeclarationofIndependence:

thepromiseof＂life,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness＂.

　　ThesearchforfreedomofworshiphasbroughtpeopletoAmericafromthedaysofthepilgrimstomoderntimes.In1620,forexample,theMayflowercarriedacargoof102passengerswho＂welcomedtheopportunitytoadvancethegospelofChristintheseremoteparts＂.AnumberofothergroupssuchastheJewsandQuakerscametoAmericaafterthePilgrims,allseekingreligiousfreedom.Inmorerecenttimes,anti-SemiticpersecutioninHitler’sGermanyhasdrivenpeoplefromtheirhomestoseekrefugeinAmerica.However,notallreligioussectshavereceivedthetoleranceandunderstandingforwhichtheycame.ThePuritansoftheMassachusettsBayColonyshowedaslittletolerancefordissentionbeliefsastheAnglicansofEnglandhadshownthem.Theyquicklyexpelledotherreligiousgroupsfromtheirsociety.Minorityreligioussects,fromtheQuakersandShakersthroughtheCatholicsandJewstotheMormons,haveatvarioustimessufferedbothdiscriminationandhostilityintheUnitedStates.

　　Butthediversityofreligiousbeliefhasmadeforreligioustoleration.Indemandingfreedomforitself,eachsecthadtopermitfreedomforothers.TheinsistenceofeachsuccessivewaveofimmigrantsuponitsrighttopracticeitsreligionhelpedmakefreedomofworshipacentralpartoftheAmericanCreed.PeoplewhogambledtheirlivesontherighttobelieveintheirownGodwouldnoteasilysurrenderthatrightinanewsociety.

　　Thesecondgreatforcebehindimmigrationhasbeenpoliticaloppression.Americahasalwaysbeenarefugefromtyranny.Asanationconceivedinliberty,ithashelpouttotheworldthepromiseofrespectfortherightsofman.EverytimearevolutionhasfailedinEurope,everytimeanationhassuccumbedtotyranny,menandsailacrosstheseas.Thisprocesshasnotcometoanendinourownday.TheterrorsofHitler’sGermanyandMussolini’sItaly,theterriblewarsofSoutheastAsia---allhavebroughtnewthousandsseekingsafetyintheUnitedStates.

　　Theeconomicfactorhasbeenmorecomplexthanthereligiousandpoliticalfactors.Fromtheverybeginning,somehavecometoAmericainsearchofriches,someinflightfrompoverty,andbecausetheywereboughtandsoldandhadnochoice.

　　Andthevariousreasonsareintertwined.Thussomeearlyarrivalswereluredtotheseshoresbydreamsofamassinggreatwealth,liketheSpanishinMexicoandPeru.Theseadventurers,expectingquickprofitsingold,soonfoundthatrealwealthlayinsuchcropsatobaccoandcotton.AstheybuiltuptheplantationeconomyinstateslikeVirginiaandtheCarolinas,theyneededcheaplabor.SotheybegantoimportindenturedservantsfromEngland（menandwomenwhoagreedtolaboratermofyearsinexchangeforeventualfreedom）,andslavesfromAfrica.

　　TheprocessofindustrializationinAmericaincreasedthedemandforcheaplabor,andchaoticeconomicconditionsinEuropeincreasedthesupply.IfsomeimmigrantscontinuedtobelievethatthestreetsofNewYorkwerepavedwithgold,moreweredrivenbythehungerandhardshipoftheirnativelands.TheIrishpotatofamineof1845broughtalmostamillionpeopletoAmericainfiveyears.AmericanmanufacturersadvertisedinEuropeannewspapers,offeringtopaythepassageofanymanwillingtocometoAmericatoworkforthem.

Theimmigrantswhocameforeconomicreasonscontributedtothestrengthofthenewsocietyinseveralways.Thosewhocamefromcountrieswithadvancedpoliticalandeconomicinstitutionsbroughtwiththemfaithinthoseinstitutionsandexperienceinmakingthemwork.Theyalsobroughttechnicalandmanagerialskillswhichcontributedgreatlytoeconomicgrowthinthenewland.Aboveall,theyhelpedgiveAmericatheextraordinarysocialmobilitywhichistheessenceofanopensociety.

　　Inthecommunityhehadleft,theimmigrantusuallyhadafixedplace.Hewouldcarryonhisfather’scraftoftrade;hewouldfarmhisfather’slandorthatsmallportionofitthatwaslefthimafteritwasdividedwithhisbrothers.Onlywiththemostexceptionaltalentandenterprisecouldhebreakoutofthecircumstancesinlifeintowhichhehadbeenborn.TherewerenosuchcircumstancesforhimintheNewWorld.Oncehavingbrokenwiththepast,exceptforsentimentaltiesandculturalinheritance,hehadtorelyonhisownabilities.Itwasthefutureandnotthepastwhichhehadtoface.ExceptfortheNegroslave,theimmigrantcouldgoanywhereanddoanythinghistalentspermitted.Alarge,virgincontinentlaybeforehim,andhehadonlytojoinittogetherbycanals,railroadsandroads.Ifhefailedtoachievethedreamofabetterlifeforhimself,hecouldstillretainitforhischildren.

　　TherewerethemajorforcesthatstartedthismassivemigrationtoAmerica.EveryimmigrantservedtoreinforceandstrengthenthoseelementsinAmericansocietythathadattractedhiminthefirstplace.Themotivesofsomeimmigrantswerecommonplace.Themotivesofotherswerenoble.TakentogethertheyadduptothestrengthsandweaknessesofAmerica.

TotalWords:

1151

TotalReadingTime:

＿＿＿

Thetextisbasedon“ANationofImmigrants”byJohnF.Kennedy,1964.

ReadingComprehension

Circletheletterofthebestanswer.

1.Earlyimmigrants＿＿＿＿.

A.didn’tfinditdifficultforthemtomakedecisionstoleavetheirhomes.

B.Wereabletoknowthenewnationbeforetheylefttheirhomes

C.Hadtofaceuncertaintiesandobstacleswhentheymigratedtoastrangeland

D.MigratedtoAmericaforthesamereason

2.PeoplemigratedtoAmericaforthef