英语精读习题带答案六级适用.docx

英语精读习题带答案六级适用.docx

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英语精读习题带答案六级适用

英语精读习题带答案（六级适用）

1、TheDvelopmentofCivilization

1Thefirsttwostagesinthedevelopmentofcivilizedmanwereprobablytheinventionofprimitiveweaponsandthediscoveryoffire,althoughnobodyknowsexactlywhenheacquiredtheuseofthelatter

2Theoriginoflanguageisalsoobscure.NodoubtitbeganverygraduallyAnimalshaveafewcriesthatserveassignals,buteventhehighestapeshavenotbeenfoundabletopronouncewords,evenwiththemostintensiveprofessionalinstruction.Thesuperiorbrainofmanisapparentlyanecessityforthemasteringofspeech.Whenmanbecamesuffivientlyintelligent,wemustsupposethathefraduallyincreasedthenumberofcriesfordifferentpurposes.Itwasagreatdaywhenhediscoveredhatspeechcouldbeusedfornarrative.Therearethosewhothinkinthisrespectpicturelanguageprecededorallanguage.Amancoulddrawapictureonthewallofhiscavetoshowinwhichdirectionhehadgone,orwhatpreyhehopedtocatch.Probablypicturelanguageandorallanguagedevelopedsidebyside.Iaminclinedtothinkthatlanguagehasbeenthemostimportantsinglefactorinthedevelopmentofman.

3Twoimportantstagescamenotsolongbeforethedawnofwrittenhistory.Thefirstwasthedomesticationofanimals;thesecondwasagriculture.Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogresstowhichsubsequentlytherewasnothingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.Agriculturemadepossibleanimmenseincreaseinthenumberofthehumanspeciesintheregionswhereitcouldbesuccessfullypracticed.Thesewere,atfirst,onlythoseinwhichnaturefertilizedthesoilaftereachharvest.Agriculturemetwithviolentresistancefromthepastoralnomads,buttheagriculturalwayoflifeprevailedintheendbecauseofthephysicalcomfortsitprovided.

4Anotherfundamentaltechnicaladvancewaswriting,which,likespokenlanguage,developedoutofpictures,butassoonasithadreachedacertainstage,itwaspossibletokeeprecordsandtransmitinformationtopeoplewhowerenotpresentwhentheinformationwasgiven.

5Theseinventionsanddiscoveries—fire,speech,weapons,domesticanimals,agriculture,andwriting—madetheexistenceofcivilizedcommunitiespossible.Fromabout3000B.C.untilthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionlessthantwohundredyearsagotherewasnotechnicaladvancecomparabletothese.Duringthislongperiodmanhadtimetobecomeaccustomedtohistechnique,andtodeveopthebeliefsandpoliticalorganizationsappropriatetoitTherewas,ofcourse,animmenseextensionintheareaofcivilizedlife.AtfirstithadbeenconfinedtotheNile,theEuphrates,theTigrisandtheIndus,butattheendoftheperiodinquestionitcoveredmuchthegreaterpartoftheinhabitableglobe.Idonotmeantosuggestthattherewasnotechnicalprogressduringthislongtime;therewasprogress—therewereeventwoinventionsofverygreatimportance,namelygunpowderandthemariner’scompass—butneitherofthesecanbecomparedintheirpowertosuchthingsasspeechandwritingandagriculture.

Notes

1ape:

anymonkey

2narrative:

astoryordescriptionofactualorfictionalevents;tonarrateistogiveanaccountorcommentary

3prey:

ananimalhuntedorcaughtforfood

4pastoral:

oforpertainingtoshepherds,herdsmen,etc.

5nomad:

oneofagroupofpeoplewhohavenopermanenthomeandmoveaboutfromplacetoplace

6theNile:

thelongestriverintheworldflowingthroughEastAfrica,尼罗河

7theTigris:

riverofSouthwestAsia,joiningtheEuphratesinSouthIraq

8theEuphrates:

riverofSouthwestAsia,幼发拉底河

9theIndus:

riverofSouthCentralAsia,risingfromSouthwestTibet,flowingthroughPakistantotheArabianSea

ReadingComprehension

whichoneofthefollowing,accordingtotheauthor,wasfirstdiscoveredorinventedinhumancivilization?

a.writtenlanguageb.orallanguagec.fired.domestication

2Theauthordoesnotstateclearlybutimpliesthatinthedevelopmentofman___

a.humanspeechdevelopedalongwithotherhumanfaculties

b.picturelanguageandwrittenlanguagedevelopedsidebyside

c.orallanguageprecededtheuseoffire

d.theapemightbetaughttomasterspeech

3Accordingtothepassagepicturelanguagewasfoundmostusefulwhen_____

a.peopledidn’twanttousespeechincommunication

b.orallanguagewasnotfullydeveloped

c.peoplewenthuntingortravelingsomewhere

d.peoplewereinhabitingincaves

4Itistheauthor’sviewthatinhumancivilizationagriculture______.

a.isthemostimportantstepmanhasevermade

b.isonlylessimportantthanthedomesticationofanimals

c.hadlongbeenpracticedasstatedinwrittenhistory

d.canberankedinimportancewiththeinventionofmachines

5Inthe3rdparagraph,”…intheregionswhereitcouldbepracticed…”,here,“it”refersto________

a.increaseb.numberc.agricultured.species

6Thepastoralnomadswouldnothaveyieldedtotheagriculturalwayoflife____

a.ifithadnotbeenforthebenefitsbroughtaboutbyagriculture

b.unlessagriculturecouldprovidethemwithsufficientdomesticatedanimals

c.ifagriculturehadtakenuptoolargeanumberoftheirpastures

d.iftheyhadnotfoundsetbacksintheirpastoralwayoflife

7Writtenlanguageinitsinitialstagewasfoundmoreadvantageousinthat__

a.itcouldcommunicatemoreaccuratelythantheorallanguage

b.ithaddevelopedfrompicturelanguage

c.informationcouldberecordedandtransmitted

d.itwaseasiertolearnthanpicturelanguage

8Thefollowingconditionsexceptonemadeitpossibleforcivilizedcommunitiestoexist.Theexceptionis_________

a.writingb.agriculturec.fired.caves

9Theword”it”in“…todevelopthebeliefsandpoliticalorganizationsappropriatetoit.”（paragraph5）standsfor______

a.techniqueb.timec.longperiodd.IndustrialRevolution

10Theauthormeanstosaythathumancivilizedlifeoriginatedfrom____

a.SouthEuropeb.NorthAfricac.EastAsiad.riverareas

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　　2、YouCallThisaGoodEconomy（这能称之为上佳经验）

Youhavetohavelivedinthe1950sand1960stohaveexperiencedagoodeconomy.Intheperiodbetween1950and1970itwastherule—ratherthantheexception—thatanordinaryfamily,withouthighereducation,couldsustainitselfdecentlyontheincomeofasinglebreadwinner（养家糊口的人）.In1955,whenIwas19andlivinginBrooklyn,N.Y.,myfather,whohadasixth-gradeeducation,maintainedourfamilyoffiveonawageof$82aweekasabookbinder.Mymothertaughtusfairnessandcompassion;myfather,disciplineandenterprise.

TheU.S.economyinthoseyearswasgood.Thenwheredidthisgoodeconomygo?

Itwasinflatedaway.Thepriceofgold,whichItakeasproxyforthepricesofallgoods,was$35anounceinthoseyears.Itisatroughlytentimesthatpricetoday.

Thereisanotheranswer,though:

inflationcausedtheentireworkforcetobemovedintohighertaxgroups,thusreducingafter-taxpurchasingpower.Thatis,myfather’sbinderyjobin1954paid$82aweek,with$80afterdeductions;today,at$820perweekthenetwouldbe$662.

Toordinarypeople,theeconomydoesn’tlookverygoodatall.After-taxincomescontinuetodecreaseinpurchasingpower.Thejobsofferedintheemploymentadspayonlyalittlemorethantheminimumwage,maybe$5anhour,which,afterpayrolldeductions,yields$4anhour.Comparethatwithminimum-wagejobsoftheearly1950s,when75centswasworthtoday’s$7.50beforeandaftertaxes.

Notes

1Brooklyn:

adistrictofNewYorkcity

2inflate:

通货膨胀

3proxy:

theauthoritytoactforanother

4payroll:

alistofemployeesandthewagesduetoeach

ReadingComprehension

Intheauthor’sopinion,agoodeconomy,toordinarypeoplecanbeexpressedintermsof______

theamountofwage

after-taxincome

theactualpurchasingpower

theminimumwageperhour

Intheperiodbetween1950and1970,_______

therewasnotmuchdifferenceinthelivingstandardsbetweenpeopleofhigherandlowereducation

anordinaryfamilyoffivewithoutexceptioncouldliveononepersonincome

theincomeofanordinaryfamilywasmorethanenoughforbuyingfood

foranaveragefamilytheincomewassufficienttosupportallthemembers

Todayabookbinder’swageistentimesthatofthe1950’sbutitsincometaxratehasincreased______

a.50timesb.60timesc.70timesd.80times

4Theworseningofabookbinder’slivelihoodresultsfrom_____

a.hisloweducationandtheamountofwage

b.thehigh-taxationandtheincomedeductions

c.thehightaxationandcostofliving

d.thelowwageandhigherprices

5Thepassageimpliesthatwhilethecostoflivingisgettinghigher______

a.thevalueoflaboractuallyisshrinking

b.theminimumwagelevelisincreasinglikewise

c.theincometaxrateisrisingalong

d.theemploymentadsnaturallyofferahigherminimumwage

6Theauthor’stoneinwritingthearticleis_____

a.ironicalb.subjectivec.high-soundingd.convincing

7thearticleaimsto_________.

a.helpcontroltherapidlyincreasingprices

b.givesomeadvicetothepolicy-makers

c.impresstheyoungergenerationwithsomebasicfacts

d.calluponthesocietysattentionagainstinflation

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3、AreExpertsAlwaysRight（专家总是对的吗）

Theworldhasbecomesocomplicatedthatwe’velostconfidenceinourabilitytounderstandanddealwithit.Butcommonsenseisusefulnowasiteverwas.Noamountofexpertisesubstitutesforanintimateknowledgeofapersonorasituation.Attimesyoujusthavetotrustyourownjudgement.

Italmostcostmemylifetolearnthat.Iwasreadingabookoneday,idlyscratchingthebackofmyhead,whenInoticedtha