全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（二）试题

及答案解析

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

①Thinnerisn'alwaysbetter.②Anumberofstudieshave1thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.③Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually2.④Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.⑤3amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan4ofgoodhealth.

①Ofevengreater5isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.

②Itisoftendefined6bodymassindex,orBMI.③BMI7bodymassdivided

bythesquareofheight.④AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.⑤Between25and30isoverweight.⑥Andover30isconsideredobese.⑦Obesity,8,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.

①Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.②Obesityisprobablyless

amatterofweightthanbodyfat.③SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.④Forexample,manycollegiateand

professionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.⑤Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.

①Todaywehavea（an）14tolabelobesityasadisgrace.②Theoverweightare

sometimes15inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.③Stereotypes16withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.④Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese.⑤17veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuild

haslongbeenaprobleminschools.

①Negativeattitudestowardobesity,18inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity19.②Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksfromits

facilities.③Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.④MichelleObamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign20childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.

1.[A]denied

[B]conduced

[C]doubled

[D]ensured

2.[A]protective

[B]dangerous

[C]sufficient

[D]troublesome

3.[A]Instead

[B]However

[C]Likewise

[D]Therefore

4.[A]indicator

[B]objective

[C]origin

[D]example

5.[A]impact

[B]relevanee

[C]assistanee

[D]concern

6.[A]intermsof

[B]incaseof

[C]infavorof

[D]inof

7.[A]measures

[B]determines

[C]equals

[D]modifies

8.[A]inessenee

[B]incontrast

[C]inturn

[D]inpart

9.[A]complicated

[B]conservative

[C]variable

[D]straightforward

10.[A]so

[B]uniike

[C]since

[D]unless

11.[A]shape

[B]spirit

[C]balanee

[D]taste

12.[A]start

[B]qualify

[C]retire

[D]stay

13.[A]strange

[B]changeable

[C]normal

[D]constant

14.[A]option

[B]reason

[C]opportunity

[D]tendency

15.[A]employed

[B]pictured

[C]imitated

[D]monitored

16.[A]compared

[B]combined

[C]settled

[D]associated

17.[A]Even

[B]Still

[C]Yet

[D]Only

18.[A]despised

[B]corrected

[C]ignored

[D]grounded

19.[A]discussions

[B]businesses

[C]policies

[D]studies

20.[A]for

[B]against

[C]with

[D]without

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

①Whatwouldyoudowith$590m?

②ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMacKenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.③Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfilment,shecoulddoworsethanread“HappyMoney”byElizabethDunn

andMichaelNorton.

①Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehaviouralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.②Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.③Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquickly.④Whatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.⑤Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDunnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.⑥Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime—asstoriesormemories——particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.

①Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost“happinessbangforyourbuck.②Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision（somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit）.③Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasing

thingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.④ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'restrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib—amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.

policyideas,

①Readersof“HappyMoneyareclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfilment,nothunger.②Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.③Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.④Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors'

whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.⑤Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.

21.AccordingtoDunnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?

[A]Abighouse.

[B]Aspecialtour.

[C]Astylishcar.

[D]Arichmeal.

22.Theauthor'sattitudetowardAmericans'watchingTVis.

[A]critical

[B]supportive

[C]sympathetic

[D]ambiguous

23.McRibismentionedinParagraph3toshowthat.

[A]consumersaresometimesirrational

[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality

[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective

[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“HappyMoney”.

[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders'criticism

[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase

[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus

[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement

25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto.

[A]balaneefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries

[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent

[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

Text2

or

①AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou'remorebeautifulthanyoua②Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoachievethis.③Socialpsychologistshaveamassedoceansofresearchintowhattheycallthe“aboveaverageeffect

"illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateoursaboaffiaaveragein

leadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.

①Werose-tintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.②Webecome

defensivewhencriticised,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem.③Westalkaroundthinkingwe'rehotstuff.

recognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation④If.thesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage—whichmostdid—theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.

①Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdiffereneeinresponses.②Norwasthereanyevidenee

thatthosewhoself-enhancethemost（thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal）weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.③Infact,thosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermarkersforhavinghigherself-esteem.④"Idon'tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevideneeofpersonaldelusion,”saysEpley."It'sareflectionsimply

ofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves.⑤'Ifyouaredepressed,youwon'tbeself-enhancing.

①KnowingtheresultsofEpley'sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeoplehatephotogisapfthemselvessoviscerally—ononelevel,theydon'evenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves.②Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer'sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyle.③It'snotthat

people'psofilesaredishonest,saysCatalinaTomaofWisconsin-Madisonuniversity,buttheyportrayanidealisedversionofthemselves.

26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologistshavefoundthat

[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect

[C]ourneedsforleadershipisunnatural

[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective

27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople's.

[A]rapidwatching

[B]consciouschoice

[C]intuitiveresponse

[D]automaticself-defe