全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析.docx

1、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语 （二）试题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the follow ing text. Choose the best word(s) for each nu mbered bla nk and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 poi nts)Thinner isn always better.A number of studies have 1 that normal-weight people are

2、 in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually 2 . For example, heavier wome n are less likely to develop calcium deficie ncy tha n thin wome n. 3 among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is of

3、te n an 4 of good health. Of even greater 5 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to defi ne. It is ofte n defi ned 6 body mass in dex, or BMI. BMI 7 body mass dividedby the square of height.An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30

4、is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, 8 , can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably lessa matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely

5、 fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 . For example, many collegiate andprofessional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Con versely, some one with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) 14 to label obesity as a disgrace.Th

6、e overweight aresometimes 15 in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes 16 with obesity in clude laz in ess, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. 17 very young children tend to l

7、ook down on the overweight, and teasing about body buildhas long bee n a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, 18 in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19 . My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from itsfacilities. Many employers have instituted weig

8、ht loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama laun ched a high-visibility campaig n 20 childhood obesity, even claimi ng that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. A deniedBconducedC doubledD en sured2. A protectiveB dan gerousC sufficie ntDtroublesome3. A In steadB HoweverC Likew

9、iseD Therefore4. A in dicatorB objectiveC originD example5. A impactB releva neeC assista neeD concern6. A in terms ofB in case ofC in favor ofD in of7. A measuresB determ inesC equalsD modifies8. A in esse neeB in con trastC in turnD in part9. A complicatedB con servativeC variableD straightforward

10、10. A soB uni ikeC sinceD unl ess11. AshapeB spiritC bala neeD taste12. A startB qualifyC retireD stay13. A stra ngeB cha ngeableC normalD con sta nt14. A optio nB reas onC opport un ityD tendency15. A employedB picturedC imitatedD mon itored16. AcomparedB comb inedC settledD associated17. A EvenB S

11、tillC YetD Only18. A despisedB correctedC ignoredD groun ded19. A discussio nsB bus in essesC policiesD studies20. A forB aga instC withD withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the followi ng four texts. An swer the questi ons below each text by choos ing A, B, C or D.Mark your

12、 an swers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 poi nts)Text 1What would you do with $590m?This is now a question for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recen tly emerged from her small, tin-ro ofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for

13、tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfilment, she could do worse than read “ Happy Money ” by Elizabeth Dunnand Michael Norto n. These two academics use an array of behavioural research to show that the most reward ing ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often in

14、volve visions of fancy cars and extravaga nt homes. Yet satisfact ion with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spe nd money on experie nces, say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton, like in teresti ng trips, uniqu

15、e meals or even going to the cinema.These purchases often become more valuable with timeas stories or memoriesparticularly if they in volve feeli ng more conn ected to others. This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “ happ in ess bang for your

16、 buck. It seems most people would be better off if they could shorte n their commutes to work, spe nd more time with friends and family and less of it watch ing televisi on (somethi ng the average America n spe nds a whopp ing two mon ths a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or

17、givi ng to charity is ofte n more pleasurable tha n purchas ingthings for on eself, and luxuries are most enjoyable whe n they are con sumed spari ngly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald restricts the availability of its popular McRib a marketing trick that has tur ned the pork san dwich into

18、an object of obsessi on.policy ideas, Readers of “ Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfilment, not hun ger. Money may not quite buy happ in ess, but people in wealthier coun tries are gen erally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending m

19、oney on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not every one will agree with the authors which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will c

20、ome away from this book believing it was money well spe nt.21.Accord ing to Dunn and Norton, which of the follow ing is the most reward ing purchase?AA big house.BA special tour.CA stylish car.DA rich meal.22.The author s attitude toward America ns watch ing TV is .AcriticalBsupportiveCsympatheticDa

21、mbiguous23.McRib is men ti oned in Paragraph 3 to show that .Acon sumers are sometimes irrati onalBpopularity usually comes after qualityCmarket ing tricks are after effectiveDrarity gen erally in creases pleasure24.According to the last paragraph, “ Happy Money ” .Ahas left much room for readers cr

22、iticismBmay prove to be a worthwhile purchaseChas predicted a wider in come gap in the usDmay give its readers a sense of achieveme nt25.This text mainly discusses how to .Abala nee feeli ng good and spe nding moneyBspe nd large sums of money won in lotteriesCobta in lasti ng satisfact ion from mone

23、y spe ntDbecome more reas on able in spe nding on luxuriesText 2,orAn article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you re more beautiful than you aWe have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we n aturally employ a nu mber of sel

24、f-e nhancing strategies to achieve this. Social psychologists have amassed ocea ns of research into what they call the “ above average effectillusory superiority ” , and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate oursaboaffiaaverage inleadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others al

25、l obviously statistical impossibilities. We rose-ti nt our memories and put ourselves into self-affirm ing situati ons. We becomedefe nsive whe n criticised, and apply n egative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. We stalk around thinking we re hot stuff.recog niti on, reads the study, is

26、 “ an automatic psychological process occurri ng rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation If. the subjects quickly chose a falsely flatteri ng image which most did they genuin ely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no sig ni fica nt gen der differe n

27、ee in respon ses. Nor was there any evide neethat those who self-enhance the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profo und in securities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale

28、 were real directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem. I don t think the findings that we hav ing have are any e vide nee of pers onal delusi on, ” says Epley. It s a reflecti on simplyof people gen erally thinking well of themselves.If you are depressed,

29、 you won tbe self-e nhancing. Knowing the results of Epley s study, it makes sense that why people hate photogisapf themselves so viscerally on one level, they don even recognise the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook therefore, is a self- enhancer s paradise, where people can share only

30、the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyle. It s not thatpeople psofiles are dish on est, says Catali na Toma of Wisc onsin- Madis on uni versity, but they portray an idealised version of themselves.26.Accord ing to the first paragraph, social psycholo

31、gists have found that Aour self-rat ings are un realistically highBillusory superiority is baseless effectCour n eeds for leadership is unn aturalDself-e nhancing strategies are in effective27.Visual recognition is believed to be people s .Arapid watchi ngBcon scious choiceCin tuitive responseDautomatic self-defe