高中英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法.docx

高中英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法.docx

《高中英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法.docx（27页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

高中英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法

阅读理解

不同体裁文章的阅读方法

不同体裁的文章，作者的写作手法不同，表达的方式千差万别。

体裁不同，要求使用的阅读方法也不一样。

因此，掌握不同体裁的文章的阅读方法有助于我们提高阅读效率、加深对文章的理解。

下面分别谈谈记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文的阅读方法和技巧。

第一节记叙文的阅读方法

记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。

简而言之，记叙文就是讲故事，包括人物或故事情节。

常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文：

文学记叙文以虚构为主，如趣闻逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等；说明记叙文以事实为依据，包括历史、传记、新闻报道、日记等。

无论哪一种记叙文作者都要交代何人何时何地为什么、怎么样、干了何事等等，这也就是我们常说的“5Wsand1H”。

这是我们在阅读记叙文时要首先了解的，接着按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，就能理解整个故事。

特别值得注意的是：

记叙文的叙事顺序有顺叙和倒叙两种，有时候作者为了吸引读者会采用倒叙的方法，即不按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，而是从最重要、最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追叙故事的开端和经过。

阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。

另外，讲故事必定有其目的：

或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等等。

我们在阅读时要通过作者的重要细节描写联系故事情节去领会作者的意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节描写要重点关注。

概括起来一句话：

读记叙文的关键是抓情节。

抓住了故事情节，就理解了文章的脉络，其他的就迎刃而解了。

下面请阅读一篇记叙文，看看你能不能抓住故事的主要情节。

（05浙江卷A篇）

Compassionisadesirewithinustohelpothers．Witheffort,wecantranslatecompassionintoaction．Anexperiencelastweekendshowedmethisistrue．Iworkpart-timeinasupermarketacrossfromabuildingfortheelderly．Theseoldpeopleareourmaincustomers,andit’snothardtolosepatienceovertheirslowness．ButlastSunday,oneagedgentlemanappearedtoteachmeavaluablelesson．Thisuntidymanwalkeduptomyregister（收款机）withaboxofbiscuits．Hesaidhewasoutofcash（现金）,hadjustmovedintohisroom,andhadnothinginhiscupboards．Heaskedifwecouldlethimhavethefoodontrust．Hepromisedtorepaymethenextday．

Icouldn’thelpstaringathim．Iwonderedwhatkindofpersonhehadbeentenortwentyyearsbefore,andwhathewouldbelikeifluckhadgonehisway．Ihadahurtinmyheartforthiskindofhumansoul,allaloneintheworld．ItoldhimthatIwassorry,butstorerulesdidn’tallowmetodoso．Ifeltstupidandunkindsayingthis,butIvaluedmyjob．

Justthen,anotherman,standingbehindthefirst,spokeup．Ifanything,helookedmorepitiable．“Chargeittome,”wasallhesaid．

WhatIhadbeenfeelingwaspity．Pityissoftandsafeandeasy．Compassion,ontheotherhand,iscaringinaction．Ithankedthesecondmanbuttoldhimthatwasnotallowedeither．ThenIreachedintomypocketandpaidforthebiscuitsmyself．Ireachedintomypocketbecausethesetwomenhadreachedintomyheartandtaughtmecompassion.

解析：

故事采用顺叙的叙事方法，主要情节发展如下：

Oneagedgentlemanbeggedmetohavethefoodontrustandpromisedtorepaythenextday.----Itoldhimthestorerulesdidn’tallowmetodoso.----Anothermanwantedmetochargethefoodtohim.----Ipaidforthebiscuitsmyself.作者用第一人称讲述自己亲身经历的这段故事，让人觉得亲切可信，同时也增强了文章的感染力。

作者说自己通过这段故事学会了compassion（同情），事实上也是在号召读者多伸出同情之手，共建和谐社会。

抓住了故事的情节，了解了作者的写作意图。

再来做理解题，就容易多了。

请看看下面几道理解题：

41．Theagedgentlemanwhowantedtobuythebiscuits______.

A．promisedtoobeythestorerules

B．forgottotakeanymoneywithhim

C．hopedtohavethefoodfirstandpaylater

D．couldnotaffordanythingmoreexpensive

42．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheoldgentleman?

A．kindandluckyB．poorandlonely

C．friendlyandhelpfulD．hurtanddisappointed

43．Thewriteracteduponthestorerulesbecause______.

A．hewantedtokeephispresentjob

B．hefeltnopityfortheoldgentleman

C．heconsideredtheoldmandishonest

D．heexpectedsomeoneelsetopayfortheoldman

44．Whatdoesthewriterlearnfromhisexperience?

A．Wealthismoreimportantthananythingelse.

B．Helpingothersiseasiersaidthandone.

C．Experienceisbettergainedthroughpractice.

D．Obeyingtherulesmeansmorethancompassion.

（参考答案：

CBAB）

【实战演练练习十六】（05天津卷C篇）

Thehousewasquietat5A．m.andTim’smotherwasasleep.Onlythesoundofthebigfreezerbrokethequiet.He’ddreamtofthecavelastnight?

Thepurring（轻微颤动声）ofthefreezerhadbeenthesea.

Timpulledonasweaterandputsomeapplesintohisschoolbag.Itwastooearlyforbreakfast.He’deatafterhe’dbeenthroughthecave,sittingontherocksandstaringattheseA．

Hewishedhehadaproperpack.Hisschoolbagwouldhavetodo.Whatelse?

Sandwiches—buthismothermightwakeupifhestartedpullingoutbreadforsandwiches,she’dwanttoknowwhyhehadtoleavesoearly.Hesettledforsomebiscuits,andleftanotestucktothetable.

GonetoMichael’sBacktonight.Tim.

Theskywashighandsoftandlightoutside,thoughthesunstillwasn’tup.Eventhehighwayupthehillwasquietashemadehiswaydownthestreet.Thewindfromtheseawasfreshandsweet.

Thesandhillsstillbreathedheatfromyesterday’ssun,thoughthetopofthesandwascool.Herandowntothebeachimpatiently,buttherewasnoone,justdrysanddancingintheearlywindandseabirdsmarchingupanddownwatchingthewaves.

Thelightchangedsuddenly.Thefirstraysofsunlightstretched（延伸）acrossthesea.ThesunwaspushingitswayovertheedgeoftheworlD．

Overthefirstrocks,alongtothepoint.Timglancedback.Thebeachwasstillempty.Thesunsailedhigherinthesky.

Hecouldseethecavenow,evendarkerinthemorninglight.Thesandturnedsilverthendarkgoldasthewaterflowedawayfromit.Hehadtoforcehimselftogocloser.Whywasitsomuchmoremysterious（神秘）now?

Butitwouldbesillytogobacknowaftersomuchtrouble.Heneedn’tgoinalltheway…

43．WhatdidTimdoatthebeginningofthestory?

A．Heleftthehousequietly.B．Hehadbreakfastathome.

C．Heleftanoteonthefreezer.D．Heputasweaterinhisschoolbag.

44．“Hesettledforsomebiscuits”（inParagraph3）meansthatTim.

A．hadtoleavethebiscuitsonthetable.

B．likedbiscuitsbetterthansandwiches

C．hadtotakebiscuitsinsteadofsandwiches

D．couldonlyfindsomebiscuitsinthekitchen

45．WhatmadeitpossibleforTimtoseetheentrytothecave?

A．Theheightofthefirstrocks.

B．Theupsanddownsofthewaves.

C．Thechangeinthepositionofthesun.

D．Thevaststretchofthesunlitbeach.

46．WhishofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothestory?

A．ThesealookedlikeapieceofgolD．

B．SeabirdsflewawaywhenTimarriveD．

C．Timwastheonlypersononthebeach.

D．TheskygotdarkasTimreachedthecave.

47．Inthestory,Tim’smood（心情）changedfrom.

A．lonelinesstocrazinessB．anxiousnesstoexcitement

C．helplessnesstohappinessD．eagernesstonervousness

【实战演练练习十七】（05上海卷B篇）

“Comein.Kim.Haveaseat,please.”saidBillWilliams,themanager.ThiswasKim’sfirstexperiencewithanassessment.Afteronlysixmonthshewasdueforaraiseifthisassessmentwassatisfactory.

“Kim,”beganBillWilliams.“Iamverypleasedwiththequalityofyourwork.Ihavenothingbutpraiseforyourdevotionandyourhardwork.Myonlyconcernisthatyouarenotactiveenoughinputtingforwardyoursuggestions.”

“But,”RepliedKim,“Ihavealwayscompletedeveryassignmentyouhavegivenme.Mr.Williams.”

“Iknowthat,Kim.Andplease,callmeBill.ButwhatIexpectisforyoutothinkindependentlyandintroducenewideas.Ineedmoreinputfromyou—morefeedbackonhowthingsaregoingIdon’tneeda“yesman”.Younevertellmewhatyouthink.Youjustsmileasthougheverythingisfine.”

“But,”saidKim,“Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.”

“I’mnotaskingyoutotellmewhattodo,butwhatyouthinkwecoulddo.Tomakesuggestions.IemployedyoubecauseIrespectyourexperienceinthisfield,butyouarenotcommunicatingyourthoughtstome.”

“Yes.IseeI’mnotaccustomedtothis,butIwilltrytodoasyousay…,Bill”

“Good,then,Iexpecttohearmorefromyouatstaffmeetingsoratanyothertimeyouwanttodiscussanideawithme.”

“Yes,ofcourse.ThankyouMr.Will…Bill.”

69．Kimisthesortofemployeewho.

A．doesnotspeakouthisownideasB．isnotdevotedtothejob

C．laughstoomuchoverworkD．cannotfinishhisworkontime

70．Theword“presumptuous”inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto“”.

A．fullofrespectB．tooconfidentandrude

C．lackinginexperienceD．tooshyandquiet

71．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

A．Kimhasbeeninvitedtotakechargeofthestaffmeetings

B．themanagerappreciatesthosewhojustdowhathetellsthemtodo

C．themanagerispleasedwithKim’shardworkandhissuggestions

D．Kimislikelytohaveahighersalaryifhecanpasstheassessment

【实战演练练习十八】（06安徽卷B篇）

PeoplefellinlovewithElizabethTaylorin1944,whenshestarredinNationalVelvet-thestoryofVelvetBrown,ayounggirlwhowinsfirstplaceinafamoushorserace,Atfirst,theproducersofthemovietoldTaylorthatshewastoosmalltoplaythepartofVelvet.However,theywaitedforherforafewmonthsassheexercisedandtrained—andaddedthreeinchestoherheightinfourmonths!

HeractinginNationalVelvetisstillconsideredthebestbyachildactress.

ElizabethTaylorwasborninLondonin1932．Herparents,bothAmericans,hadmovedthereforbusinessreasons.WhenWorldwarIIstarted,theTaylormovedtoBeverlyHills,California,andthereElizabethstartedactinginmovies.Afterhersuccessasachildstar,Taylorhadnotroublemovingintoadult（成人）rolesandwontwiceforBestActress:

Butterfield8（1960）andWho’sAfraidofVirginiaWoolf?

（1966）

Taylor’sfame（名声）andpopularitygaveheralotofpowerwiththemovieindustry,soshewasabletodemandveryhighpayforhermovies.In1963,shereceived$1millionforherpartinCleopatra—thehighestpayreceivedbyanystaruptothattime.

ElizabethTaylorisalegend（传奇人物）ofourtime.LikeVelvetBrowninNationalVelvet,shehasbeenlucky,shehasbeauty,fameandwealth.Butsheisalsoahardworker.Taylorseldomactsinmoviesanymore.Instead,sheputshertimeandeffortsintoherbusinesses,andintohelpingothers—severalyearsago,shefoundedanorganizationthathasraisedmorethan$40millionforresearchandeduca