高中主语从句讲解及其练习.docx
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高中主语从句讲解及其练习
高中主语从句讲解及其练习
主语从句
一、主语从句的连词分三类
(1)从属连词引导的主语从句(thatwhetherif)
that引导的主语从句:
引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。
That引导主语从句通常用it作形式主语。
例如:
Thatyouwillwinthemedalseemsunlikely.
Thatshesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.
whether引导的主语从句:
whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。
注意:
引导主语从句,不能用if不能在开头,只能用whether。
Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.
Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.
(2)用连接代词引导的主语从句
在由连接代词who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever引导的名词性从句中,其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分.
例如:
Whatyouneedismorepractice.
Whateverwedoistoservethepeople.
注:
whatever/whoever的功用
whatever,whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。
它引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho。
要注意和whatever,whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。
如:
Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.(主语从句)
(=Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.)
Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.(让步状语从句)
(=Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.)
(3)用连接副词when,where,why,how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。
)
例如:
Whereweshouldleaveitisaproblem.
Whentheywillcomehasn’tbeenmadepubic.
三、it作形式主语的主语从句
有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。
这分四种情况:
(1)对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语it替代主语从句:
Itis+名词+从句
Itisafactthat…事实是……;Itisgoodnewsthat………是好消息;Itisaquestionthat………是个问题;Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识
类似的名词还有:
apity;awonder;agoodthing;nowonder;surprise等。
Itisamysterytomehowitallhappened.
Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.
ItisnosurprisethatBobshouldhavewonthegame.
Itis+形容词+从句
Itisnecessarythat…有必要……;Itisclearthat…很清楚……;Itislikelythat…很可能……;Itisimportantthat…重要的是……
类似的形容词还有:
strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;worth-while;surprising;interesting;astonishing,etc.
Itisdoubtfulwhethershewillbeabletocome.
Itisessentialthatheshouldbeherebytheweekend.
Itseemsobviousthatwecannotgoonlikethis.
Itisnecessarythatyou(should)masterthecomputer.
需要注意的是这类主语从句中,谓语动词很多为“(should)+动词原形”,即要用虚拟语气。
Itis+过去分词+从句
Itissaidthat…据说……;Itisreportedthat…据报道……;Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证明……;Itmustbeprovedthat…必须指出……
类似的过去分词还有:
known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;madeclear;foundout,etc.
例如:
Itisusedtobethoughtthatanewstarmustbeduetoacollisionbetweentwostars.
Ithasnotbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadistobeopenedtotraffic.
Itseems不及物动词(happened/appears/doesn’t’tmatter/makesnodifference/occurred…)that…主语从句不可提前
Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot.
ItdoesnotmatterifImissedmytrain.
IthappenedthatIsawhimyesterday.
(2)对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句:
Whethertheywouldsupportuswasaproblem.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
Itwasaproblemwhethertheywouldsupportus.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
(3)对关系代词型what引导的主语从句,通常直接将主语从句放在句首。
如:
Whatweneedismoney.我们需要的是钱。
WhatIwanttoknowisthis.我想知道的就是这一点。
有时也可将助用形式主语。
如:
Itisclearenoughwhathemeant.他是什么意思很清楚。
(4)如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构:
Isittruethatheisthegirl’sfather?
他是那女孩的父亲,是真的吗?
Howisitthatyouarelateagain?
你怎么又迟到了?
四、连词that的省略问题
引导主语从句的连词that有时可省,有时不能省,其原则是:
若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则that不能省略;若that引导的主语从句位于句末,而在句首使用了形式主语it,则that可以省略:
Thatyoudidn’tgotothetalkwasapity.很遗憾你没去听报告。
(that不可省)
Itwasapity(that)youdidn’tgotothetalk.很遗憾你没去听报告。
(that可省)
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主语从句练习题
1、Itneveroccurredtome___youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.(陕西高考)
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.if
2、It'sobvioustothestudents________theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.(天津卷)
A.asB.thatC.whichD.whether
3、________somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplugbymanyothers.(2010·北京)
A.Whether B.What C.That D.How
4、Itisuncertain________sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.(2010·浙江)
A.thatB.howC.whatD.whether
主语从句练习题
1.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever
2.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.
A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
3.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.
A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotknown
4.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.
A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.Owingtoafewminuteslate
C.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate
5.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.
A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpected
C.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected
6.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.
A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...does
7.It________Bobdrivesbadly.
A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat
8.It'suncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.
A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.How
9.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.
A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which
10.____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.
A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what
11.____youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
12..____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
13._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.
A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who
14._______we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.
A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That
15.______hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.
A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This
16.______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.
A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What
17.._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.
A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether
18.._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody
19.._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.
A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How
20..________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who